High-Speed Trains
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Zooming Through the Countryside.
内容通过乡村放大表。
4 Where Did High-Speed Trains Come From?
4高架列车从何而来?.
5 How High-Speed Trains Work.
5 高架列车如何运转.
8 Three Types of Fast.
8 三类快取.
11 Shinkansen.
11 (英语). Shinkansen.
12 TGV.
12辆TGV.
13 Maglev.
13马格廖夫。
14 Safety Concerns.
14 安全问题。
17 Advantages of High-Speed Trains.
17高架列车优势.
18 What High-Speed Trains Need to Be Successful.
18 高规格列车需要成功.
21 Racing Into the Future.
21 跑入未来.
23 Glossary.
23 词汇表。
24 Zooming Through the Countryside It’s Friday morning in Paris, and a high-speed train is leaving the station for Avignon (ah-veen- YONE), far away in the south of France.
24 缩放 穿过农村 前往法国南部远处的Avignon站(ah-veen-YONE)。
You relax in comfort on the sleek, modern train as it whisks you out into the countryside, hurtling along the tracks at speeds up to 186 miles per hour (299 kph).
你舒适地放松在滑行,现代的列车 因为它会把你拖入农村, 沿着铁轨行走, 速度可达每小时186英里(299公里)。
This journey would normally take seven hours by car, but the high-speed train will get you to your destination in just two hours and thirty-six minutes.
这次出行通常需要用车7小时,但高速列车会在2小时36分内将你送入目的地.
It may sound like science fiction, but scenes like this are happening every day in countries around the world thanks to high-speed trains.
听起来可能像科幻小说,但是由于高速列车,这样的场景每天都在世界各国发生.
Millions of people in over a dozen countries are already using high-speed trains.
十几个国家的数百万人已经在使用高速列车。
Many more countries are planning or building high-speed rail systems to help them meet the transportation needs of the twenty-first century.
更多的国家正在规划或建设高速铁路系统,以帮助它们满足二十一世纪的运输需要。
A TGV train passes a field of sunflowers in France.
一辆TGV列车经过了法国一地向日葵.
Where Did High-Speed Trains Come From?
高架列车从哪里来?
Fast-moving trains are nothing new.
快速动车组列车无新意.
Back in the 1930s, some trains reached speeds of about 100 mph (161 kph).
回到20世纪30年代,一些列车达到了约100 mph (161 kph)的速度.
That was before airplanes had become a common form of transportation, so most people rode trains when they needed to travel long distances.
那是在飞机成为普通的交通形式之前,所以大多数人在需要长途旅行时乘坐火车.
Most of these early fast trains had engines powered by diesel fuel.
这些早期快车大多由柴油为发动机提供动力.
The diesel engine powered an electrical generator, which produced electricity to turn the axles at the front part of the train.
柴油机为一台发电机提供动力,发电机产生电力使列车前部的车轴转向.
Japan introduced the first modern high-speed train design to the world when it hosted the 1964 Olympic Games.
日本在主办1964年奥运会时向世界引进了首个现代高速列车设计.
That train was the Shinkansen, or “bullet train.”
该列车是 " Shinkansen " 或 " bullet " 列车。 “
The first Shinkansen ran between Tokyo and Osaka at an average speed of about 135 mph (217 kph).
首个申坎森跑出东京至大阪之间的跑道,平均速度约为135 mph (217 kph).
One of the main breakthroughs of this train was that it was powered completely by electricity—not fossil fuels.
这趟列车的主要突破之一是它完全由电力而不是化石燃料供电。
In the 1970s, European countries such as Italy and Germany began to roll out their own high- speed trains.
20世纪70年代,意大利和德国等欧洲国家开始自行推出高速列车.
France developed a large network for its high-speed trains in the 1980s, and service began in Spain in the 1990s on what has now become the longest high-speed train system in Europe.
法国于1980年代为其高速列车开发出大型网络,服务于1990年代从西班牙开始,服务于现已成为欧洲最长的高速列车系统.
Since the completion of the tunnel— sometimes called “the Chunnel”—under the English Channel in 1994, it is now possible to travel by high-speed train from London to Paris in just two hours and fifteen minutes.
自从1994年在英吉利海峡下完成隧道——有时称为 " Chunnel " ——以来,现在可以在两小时十五分之内乘高速列车从伦敦到巴黎。
All across Western Europe, high-speed trains race around at speeds of 150 mph (241 kph) or more.
在整个西欧,高速列车以150 mph (241 kph)或更快的速度环行.
An early Japanese bullet train speeds through Kyoto.
日本早期子弹列车通过京通.
A Eurostar train waits at a station in London.
一辆欧星列车在伦敦站等.
The longest high-speed rail system in the world today is in China.
目前世界上最长的高速铁路系统位于中国.
Starting in 2004, China built its enormous high-speed rail network very quickly—adding more than 3,728 miles (6,000 km) of lines in less than six years.
从2004年开始,中国快速地建成了巨大的高速铁路网——在不到6年的时间里增加了超过3,728英里(6,000公里)的线路.
High-speed trains have become widely used in China.
高速列车已在中国被广泛使用.
China has the largest population in the world—with more than 1.
中国是世界上人口最多的国家——超过1个。
3 billion people (20 percent of all the people in the world).
30亿人(占世界总人口的20%).
China also has many large cities, including its capital, Beijing.
中国还拥有许多大城市,包括首都北京.
Many people in China still do not own cars, so high-speed trains give them a much-needed way to move quickly between cities.
中国的许多人仍然不拥有汽车,因此高速列车给他们提供了在城市之间快速行驶的急需的方式.
How High-Speed Trains Work Although there are several different types of high-speed trains, they all have certain things in common.
高规格列车如何运作 虽然有几种不同类型的高速列车,但它们都有某些共同点.
They all have a streamlined shape, like the nose section of a jet airplane.
它们都有一个精简的形状, 就像喷气式飞机的鼻子部分。
This shape causes the air to flow smoothly over the trains, with only small amounts of drag (air resistance).
这种形状使空气顺利地流过列车,只有少量的阻力(空气阻力).
The streamlined shape allows the train to use less energy to reach and maintain high speeds.
精简后的外形使列车能用较少的能量来达到并保持高速.
Japanese (top) and Russian (bottom) high-speed trains look different but have many common features.
日本(上行)和俄罗斯(下行)高速列车外观不同,但具有许多共同特点.
Most high-speed trains are powered by electricity that flows through an overhead system of wires.
大多数高速列车由电源供电,电流通过电线的上行系统.
Each train connects to the wires above it through a special device called a pantograph.
每列列车通过一个叫"油管"的特殊装置来连接上方的电线.
However, sometimes a train disconnects from the wires, such as when it passes through a tunnel.
然而,有时一列列车会从电线上断开,比如当它通过隧道时.
The train then runs on battery power until the pantograph reconnects to the wires.
列车随后以电池供电运行,直至油管重新接通了电线.
In places where overhead wires are not used, the electric current flows through the tracks beneath the trains.
在不使用高架电线的地方,电流会从列车下方的铁轨上流出.
The tracks of a high-speed railway are an important part of the system.
高速铁路的轨迹是系统的重要组成部分.
Most high-speed trains run on tracks that are welded together so that the entire length is smooth and free of joints.
大部分高速列车运行在被焊接在一起的轨道上,使全长平滑,没有接头.
The tracks are also built as straight as possible so trains won’t need to slow down for curves.
轨迹也尽可能直通,
High- speed trains often use tunnels or viaducts to go under or over obstacles rather than going around them.
高速列车经常会使用地道或道道来下行或过行道来绕行.
When the tracks do need to curve, the turns are as gentle as possible to allow the trains to keep moving rapidly.
当轨道确实需要弯曲时,转弯会尽可能地温和地让列车能继续快速行驶.
If the tracks were curved too tightly, the trains would have to slow down or risk coming off the tracks.
如果铁轨被曲折过紧,列车将不得不减速或有下轨的风险.
High-speed rail systems use computerized central control systems to direct traffic safely.
高速铁路系统采用计算机化的中央控制系统安全地引导交通.
When a high-speed train is moving at top speed, the train engineer cannot read signs that the train passes along the way.
当高速列车以最高速度行驶时,列车工程师无法读取列车沿途经过的标志.
All signal information, such as when to stop or when to change tracks, must be transmitted to the train engineer electronically.
所有信号信息,如何时停止或何时改变轨道,都必须以电子方式传送给列车工程师.
Some high-speed trains tilt when rounding corners.
一些高速列车在转角时会倾斜.
Three Types of Fast As high-speed trains have become more popular around the world, new technology has made them even faster.
三类快取 随着高速列车在世界范围内越来越受欢迎,新技术使其速度更快.
Many high-speed trains in use today run at average speeds ranging from about 150 mph (241 kph) to more than 200 mph (322 kph).
今天使用的许多高速列车平均运行速度从大约150 mph(241 kph)到200 mph(322 kph)以上.
Some trains can travel faster than 300 mph (483 kph), but those super-fast speeds are not usually used when carrying passengers.
有些列车的行驶速度可以快于300 mph (483 kph),但那些超快的速度通常在载客时不使用.
All high-speed trains are fast, but they don’t all work the same way.
所有高速列车都速度快,
The three main types of high-speed trains are the Shinkansen, the TGV, and maglev trains.
三大类型的高速列车有:申坎森列车,TGV列车和马格列夫列车.
Not Quite High-Speed Rail The closest thing that the United States had to a high-speed train in 2011 was Amtrak’s Acela Express service from Washington, D.
不太高调的铁路 美国在2011年最接近高速列车的是Amtrak从华盛顿出发的Acela快车服务.
C.
C组
, to Boston, Massachusetts (passing through New York City).
,去马萨诸塞州波士顿(经过纽约市).
The Acela Express has a top speed of 150 mph (241 kph), though it travels at only about half that speed for most of its route.
阿塞拉快车的最高速度为150 mph (241 kph),尽管它的大部分路线只以大约一半的速度行驶.
Its speed is limited because it shares its tracks with slower conventional trains.
其速度是有限的,因为它与较慢的常规列车共享其轨迹.
Shinkansen One thing that makes a Japanese Shinkansen train special is that each car on the train works as a small electric locomotive.
申克森语Name 使日本申坎森列车具有特殊性的一个方面是,列车上的每一节车厢都作为小型电力机车工作.
Because each car gives forward power to the train, cars can be added or taken away from the group as needed without changing the train’s performance.
由于每节车厢给列车提供前进动力,车厢可以根据需要添加或从编组中取出而无需改变列车的性能.
Having a motor in each car also means that Shinkansen trains speed up and slow down very quickly, allowing them to stop more often while staying on schedule.
每节车厢都装有马达也意味着申坎森列车的开行速度和速度都非常快地慢了下来,使得它们能够更经常地在按期停留时停车.
A Shinkansen train passes Mount Fuji in Japan.
日本一列申坎森列车通过富士山.
TGV TGV is short for train à grande vitesse, which means “high-speed train” in French.
TGV TGV对"grande vitesse"列车来说很短,这在法语中意为"高速列车".
These trains were first used in France.
这些列车最早在法国使用.
They were originally powered by gas turbines that were similar to jet engines, but their energy source was later changed to electricity, like the Shinkansen.
它们最初由类似于喷气发动机的燃气涡轮机提供动力,但其能源后来被改为了电力,如"申坎森".
Unlike the Shinkansen, each car of a TGV shares axles with the cars in front of and behind it.
与申坎森车不同,一款TGV的每款车与车前后轴相通.
Cars next to each other rest on the same two-axle base, called a bogie.
相邻相邻的汽车则以同一种双轴基座为主,被称作"bogie".
Another difference is that each TGV train set is powered by just two power cars, one pulling from the front, and the other pushing from the rear.
另一个区别是,每组TGV列车的动力只有两节动力车厢,一节从前部拉出,另一节从后部推出.
This push/pull arrangement is less expensive than the Shinkansen system in which each car supplies its own power, but it means that railcars cannot be easily added or taken away from a TGV train.
这种推/推安排比每节车厢自行提供动力的Shinkansen系统便宜,但这意味着铁路车不能轻易地从一列TGV列车上添加或取走.
Maglev While Shinkansen and TGV trains are largely just improvements to older train designs, maglev trains are based on a totally new technology.
Maglev 虽然Shinkansen和TGV列车基本上是老旧列车设计的改进,但maglev列车是基于一种全新的技术.
The name maglev is short for “magnetic levitation.”
“磁悬浮”这个名称很短。 “
Maglev trains use the power of magnets to fly along the tracks without touching the ground.
马格列夫列车利用磁铁的力量沿着铁轨飞行而无需触地.
Electromagnets are devices made of steel or iron that become magnets only when an electric current flows through a nearby coil.
电磁铁(Electromagnets)是钢或铁所制成的装置,只有在一电流通过相邻的线圈时才成为磁铁.
A maglev train runs along a test track in Germany.
一列马格列夫列车沿德国的试验道行驶.
TGV trains have been very successful in France.
TGV列车在法国非常成功.
A maglev train runs over special tracks called guideways, which hold the coils through which electric current flows.
一辆马格列克夫列车在被称作"导行道"的特殊轨道上行驶,牵引出电流所经过的圈.
Just as a regular magnet can produce a magnetic force to attract or repel something, magnetic forces are also produced between the maglev and the guideway.
正如普通磁能产生磁力来吸引或击退某物一样,磁力也在磁道和导道之间产生出.
These forces cause the train to levitate, or float, above the guideway without touching it.
这些力量使得列车在不碰它的情况下会悬浮出行道上方,或漂浮出行道.
With the train levitating above the track, there is no friction or vibration to reduce speed or to make noise.
随着列车在轨电车上方飘起,没有摩擦或振动来降低速度或制造出噪音.
Thus, maglevs are usually quieter and faster than other high-speed trains.
因此,马格列夫通常比其他高速列车更安静更快.
Maglev trains also use magnetic force to push them forward the way an ocean wave pushes a surfer.
Maglev列车也使用磁力推动它们前进,就像一波洋浪推进冲浪器一样.
Maglev systems cost more to build than other high-speed trains, but Japan, China, and South Korea all have operational maglev trains that carry passengers in regular service.
马格列夫系统比起其他高速列车建造成本更高,但日本,中国和韩国都设有可运行的马格列夫列车,可定期载客.
Many other countries are testing or planning to build maglev systems in the future.
许多其他国家正在测试或计划在未来建造磁石系统.
Maglev guideways in China Magnets of opposite types lift the train above the guideway.
中国的Maglev导行道 异型磁铁将列车提升至导行道上方.
Magnets of the same type push against each other to keep the train centered on the guideway.
同类型磁铁相向相推取,使列车以导道为中心.
Safety Concerns When trains travel at high speeds, safety is a major concern.
安全问题 当列车高速行驶时,安全性是主要关切.
High-speed trains are designed with several safety features built in.
高速列车的设计具有多条所建的安全性能.
To reduce the chance of crashing into cars, they normally don’t cross roadways at the same level as other vehicles; they either pass over the roads or under them.
为了减少撞上汽车的机会,他们通常不会像其他车辆一样跨越公路;他们要么经过公路,要么在公路下。
Many high-speed railways are fenced to keep out animals and include sensors to warn operators when something might be blocking the tracks.
许多高速铁路被栅栏围住,以挡住动物,并包括感应器,在有东西可能挡住铁轨时警告运营者.
In Japan, an early-warning system cut the power to twenty-seven Shinkansen trains that were running in the area affected by the powerful Sendai Earthquake on March 11, 2011.
在日本,一个预警系统切断了正在受2011年3月11日强大的仙台地震所影响地区运行的27列申坎森列车的供电.
The trains automatically applied their emergency brakes and safely came to a stop without any injuries to passengers.
列车自动应用了紧急制动装置并安全地停站,乘客没有受伤.
Despite these safety measures, accidents can happen.
尽管有这些安全措施,事故还是会发生的。
In China, in the summer of 2011, a high-speed train lost power after a nearby lightning strike and was hit from behind by another train.
在中国,2011年夏季,一列高速列车在附近被闪电击中后失去动力并被另一列列列车从后方撞倒.
This accident claimed many lives and was a tragic reminder that high-speed ground travel always carries a certain amount of risk.
这次事故夺走了多人的生命,并悲惨地提醒人们,高速地上出行总是有一定风险.
Advantages of High-Speed Trains High-speed trains offer many advantages compared to other forms of mass transportation.
与其他形式的大众运输相比,高架列车的优势提供了许多优势.
Although buses can be faster and more convenient for short trips, and airplanes are a better choice for very long trips, high-speed trains are perfect for trips between one hundred and five hundred miles.
虽然公交车可以更快更方便地进行短途出行,而飞机则是非常长途出行的更好选择,但高速列车对于一百到五百英里的出行来说是完美的.
Over these distances, high-speed trains are much faster than buses and are just as fast as airplanes when you consider the amount of time you spend at the airport before and after a trip.
在这些距离上,高速列车比公交车快得多,在考虑出行前后在机场所花的时间时,也和飞机一样快.
They can also be more comfortable to ride in, as they often offer booths or tables to sit at and plenty of electrical outlets for powering gadgets.
他们也可以更舒服地乘车,因为他们经常提供座椅或桌子,以及许多为设备提供动力的电器插座。
While airline passengers are not allowed to use cell phones or other personal electronic devices around takeoff and landing, passengers on trains are free to use them whenever they wish.
虽然航空公司乘客在起降时不得使用手机或其他个人电子设备,但列车乘客可以随意使用.
Reporters try out the seats on a new high-speed train in China.
记者试出中国一列新高速列车的座位.
When carrying a normal load of passengers, high-speed trains are far more fuel efficient than cars, buses, or airplanes.
当搭载正常载客量时,高速列车的燃油效率远高于汽车,巴士,或飞机.
Because they are powered by electricity instead of fossil fuels, high-speed trains do not directly release greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change.
由于其由电力而不是化石燃料供电,高速列车不会直接释放导致气候变化的温室气体.
Although much of the world’s electrical power currently comes from coal, that percentage is expected to decrease in the future as the world shifts to more sustainable sources of power, such as solar and wind.
虽然目前世界上大部分电力来自煤炭,但随着世界转向太阳能和风能等更可持续的电力来源,这一百分比预计将会在未来下降。
This means that high-speed trains will become even better for the environment as time goes on.
这意味着随着时间的流逝,高速列车将变得对环境更加有利.
Another key advantage of high-speed trains is that they can help lighten the load placed on other transportation systems.
高速列车的另一个关键优势是它们能帮助减轻放置在其他运输系统上的负载.
Roads and airports both have a maximum number of travelers they can support at any one time.
公路和机场都拥有最多可以随时支持的旅行者.
The number of travelers per hour that a transportation system can handle is called its capacity.
运输系统能处理的每小时出行人数称为出行能力.
When the capacity of a highway or freeway is reached, huge traffic jams can result.
当高速公路或高速公路的运能被达到后,就会产生巨大的交通堵塞.
Traffic can slow to a crawl or even stop for hours at a time.
交通可以缓慢地爬行甚至每次会停下来几个小时.
Airports can become similarly overloaded.
机场也会变得同样过重.
In many places around the world, building more roads or airports to increase capacity is not an option.
在世界许多地方,建造更多的道路或机场以增加能力并不是一种选择。
However, because railroads need less land than highways, high-speed rail lines can often be added to these areas to reduce the stress on the other forms of transportation.
然而,由于铁路比高速公路需要更少的土地,高速铁路线往往可以被添加到这些地区来减轻其他形式的运输的压力.
Power for high-speed trains can come from many sources.
高速列车的动力可以来自多种来源.
High-speed trains can help reduce traffic jams on freeways.
高速列车可以帮助减少高速公路上的交通堵塞.
What High-Speed Trains Need to Be Successful Despite these advantages, high-speed rail is not always the best solution for a region’s transportation needs.
尽管有这些优势,高速铁路并不总是满足一个地区的运输需要的最佳解决办法。
High-speed rail systems can be very expensive to build.
高速铁路系统建设费用可能非常高.
The cost of adding a new high-speed rail line can sometimes rise to many millions of dollars for each mile of track.
增加一条新的高速铁路线的成本有时会上升到每跑一英里的数百万美元.
Many countries see the building costs as an investment in the future, but other countries wonder whether such large investments are worth it.
许多国家将建筑成本视为未来的一项投资,但其他国家怀疑如此之多的投资是否值得。
Also, it doesn’t matter how amazing a train is if not enough people are riding it.
火车如果不够人骑,
For high-speed trains to make economic or environmental sense, each train needs to carry as many passengers as possible.
为了让高速列车具有经济或环境意义,每趟列车需要搭载尽可能多的乘客.
For this reason, it only makes sense to build high-speed trains in places where large numbers of people travel frequently.
由于这个原因,在大量人员频繁出行的地方建造高速列车才有意义.
Areas with high population density pack many people into a limited amount of space.
人口密度高的地区将许多人挤入了有限的空间.
One of the reasons that high-speed trains have been successful in areas such as Europe, Japan, and China is that these countries all have many areas with high population density.
高速列车在欧洲,日本,中国等地获得成功的原因之一是这些国家都有许多人口密度高的地区.
Flying Through Spain The name of the high-speed train system in Spain is the Alta Velocidad Española.
飞过 页:1 西班牙高速列车系统的名称为"西班牙快车"(Alta Velocidad Española).
In Spanish, this name means “Spanish high speed.”
在西班牙语中,这个名称意为"西班牙高速. “
The initials of the name— AVE—mean “bird” in Spanish.
名称的首字母-AVE-西班牙语中意为"鸟".
Riders wait to board a high-speed train in Germany.
骑手等上德国高速列车.
Racing Into the Future High-speed rail is growing by leaps and bounds as new lines are added in new countries and on new continents.
随着新国家和新大陆增加新线路,跑入未来高速铁路正以跃进和极限增长.
Europe plans to link together its many separate high-speed rail systems to form a gigantic trans-European network by 2025.
欧洲计划到2025年将许多独立的高速铁路系统连接起来,形成一个巨大的跨欧洲网络。
Morocco is building Africa’s first high-speed rail system.
摩洛哥正在建设非洲第一个高速铁路系统.
In the United States, the first true high-speed rail network is being developed in California.
在美国,加利福尼亚州正在发展第一个真正的高速铁路网.
If completed as planned, it will allow people to go from Los Angeles to San Francisco in under two hours and twenty minutes while traveling at speeds up to 220 mph (354 kph).
如果按计划完成,它将允许人们在两小时二十分钟内从洛杉矶去旧金山,同时以最高220 mph (354 kph)的速度行驶.
As world population increases and concerns about energy sources and the environment grow, high-speed trains will play an important part in helping the world meet its transportation needs.
随着世界人口的增加以及对能源和环境的关切的增加,高速列车将在帮助世界满足其运输需要方面发挥重要作用。
Glossary axles (n.)
词汇轴 (n.)
bars around which wheels revolve (p.
轮子旋转的栏杆(p.
5) economic (adj.)
(5) 经济(adj.)
related to buying and selling of goods and services (p.
关于买卖货物和服务(第2页)
22) engineer (n.)
22) 工程师 (n.
a person who is responsible for the safe operation of a train (p.
负责列车安全运行的人员(p.
10) fossil fuels (n.)
10) 矿物燃料(n.)
energy sources, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, that are taken from the ground (p.
取自地上的能源,如煤炭,石油和天然气等(p.
5) fuel efficient making good use of fuel as (adj.)
(5) 有效利用燃料作为燃料(adj.)
measured in miles per gallon (p.
每加仑以英里计(p.
19) generator (n.)
19) 发电机(n.
a machine that turns motion into electricity (p.
将运动变成电力的机器(p.
5) greenhouse gases in Earth’s atmosphere that gases (n.)
(5) 地球大气中气体的温室气体(n.)
trap heat and contribute to global warming (p.
限制发热并助长全球变暖(p.
19) network (n.)
19) 网络 (n.
a group of things or computers that are connected to each other (p.
一组相互连接的东西或计算机(p.
6) obstacles (n.)
6) 障碍(n.)
things that get in the way, preventing progress or movement (p.
阻碍进步或运动的事物(p.
10) sensors (n.)
10)传感器 (n.
devices that sense and react to a signal or a change in conditions (p.
对信号或条件变化进行感知和反应的设备(p.
17) sustainable able to be used in a way that does (adj.)
17) 能够以有效方式持续使用(adj.)
not completely use up or cause permanent damage to a resource (p.
不完全使用或对资源造成永久损害(p.
19) viaducts (n.)
19)取道道 (n.
low bridges over dry land or long valleys (p.
低通桥过干地或长谷地(p.
10) High-speed rail could change the way people travel in California, as shown in this artist’s rendering.
10)高速铁路可以改变加州人出行的方式,如这位艺术家的渲染所显示.