Address
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Brother Against Brother.
内容表 哥哥对兄弟。
4 President Lincoln and the Civil War.
4 林肯总统和内战.
6 The Gettysburg Address.
6 葛底斯堡地址。
10 What Did President Lincoln Say?
10号林肯总统说了什么?
13 A Closer Look.
13 一个更仔细的观察。
17 Life After Gettysburg.
17"盖茨堡后的生活".
22 Glossary.
22 词汇表。
24 Brother Against Brother Fighting between brothers and sisters is so common that we don’t think twice about it.
24 兄长对兄长之间的争斗是如此普遍,
But imagine being at war and fighting on one side while your brother or sister is fighting on the other side as your enemy.
但想象一下,一边是战争,一边是战斗,而你的兄弟或妹妹作为敌人一边是战斗.
The American Civil War was a long fight between two sides of the country.
美国公民 战争是两岸的一场长期斗争.
Soldiers sometimes knew their enemy because men from the same town and even the same family would fight on opposite sides.
士兵们有时知道他们的敌人,因为同一城镇的人,甚至同一家庭的人,都会在对面出战.
Many of the officers had trained and fought together on the same side in earlier wars.
许多军官在较早的战争中曾在同一边训练并共同作战.
Some were close friends who found themselves on opposite sides for the first time.
一些人是亲密的朋友,第一次发现自己处于对立的一面.
The Union was made up of the Northern states, and the Confederacy was the Southern states.
邦联由北方各州组成,邦联为南方各州.
From 1861 until 1865, the Civil War raged, and 620,000 men died in it.
从1861年到1865年,内战肆虐,有62万人死于其中.
One of the war’s most famous battles was the Battle of Gettysburg.
这场战争最出名的战役之一是盖茨堡战役.
The fifth version of the Gettysburg Address is the only version President Lincoln signed.
第五个版本的"盖茨堡地址"是林肯总统签署的唯一版本.
Lewis Armistead and Winfield Scott Hancock were close friends before the Civil War.
刘易斯·阿米斯特德和温菲尔德·斯科特·汉考克在内战前是亲密的朋友.
During the war, they served as generals on opposite sides.
战争期间,出任对面将领.
Both were wounded at Gettysburg.
两人在葛底斯堡被打伤.
Hancock lived; Armistead died.
汉考克活了下来,阿米斯特德死了
On the morning of the first day of this battle— July 1, 1863—Union soldier Rudolf Schwarz saw Confederate prisoners being led away.
在这场战斗的第一天的早晨——1863年7月1日——联合士兵鲁道夫·施瓦兹看到邦联的囚犯被带走.
To his surprise, he recognized one of the enemy prisoners as his own brother!
令他惊讶的是,他认出了一位被俘的敌人作为自己的哥哥!
The Schwarz brothers hadn’t seen each other since leaving Germany for the United States.
施瓦兹兄弟离开德国前往美国后,
The two men hugged, happy to see each other.
二人相抱相接,相见相悦.
They parted when the Confederate brother was taken away, never to meet again.
当邦联兄弟被带走时,他们离开了,再也不见面了.
Rudolf was killed in action that afternoon.
鲁道夫在当天下午的行动中被杀死.
How did we end up at war, with brothers fighting against brothers?
我们怎么会在战争中与兄弟们争斗?
Why is the Battle of Gettysburg famous?
为什么葛底斯堡之战出名?
President Lincoln and the Civil War At the time Abraham Lincoln ran for president in 1860, slavery was legal in fifteen Southern “slave states” and illegal in eighteen Northern “free states.”
林肯总统与内战 1860年亚伯拉罕·林肯竞选总统时,南方15个“奴隶州”的奴隶制是合法的,北方18个“自由州”的奴隶制是非法的。 “
Many slaves tried to escape north to become free.
许多奴隶试图从北方逃出以获得自由.
Lincoln was against allowing slavery to spread beyond the Southern states.
林肯反对让奴隶制蔓延到南方各州之外.
This upset lots of people in the South.
这让南方很多人心烦意乱
They believed that if Lincoln became president, he would eventually end slavery in all the states.
他们相信,如果林肯出任总统,他最终会结束各州的奴隶制.
Many Southerners made their money from farming, and huge farms called plantations required a great deal of labor.
许多 南方人靠农作赚钱,被称作种植园的庞大农场需要大量劳动力.
Southern plantation owners thought using slaves was the best way to fill that need.
南方种植园主认为使用奴隶是满足这种需要的最佳方法.
They thought ending slavery would destroy their whole way of life.
他们认为结束奴隶制会破坏他们的全部生活方式.
Things were different in the North.
北方的情况不一样
Northern states had lots of factories.
北方各州有很多工厂
Those factories did not use slave labor; many people in those states thought that slavery should end.
这些工厂没有使用奴隶劳动;这些州的许多人认为应该结束奴隶制。
In 1860, Abraham Lincoln was elected president.
1860年,亚伯拉罕·林肯被选为总统.
In the months that followed, eleven slave states declared their secession from the United States.
在随后的几个月里,有11个奴隶州宣布脱离美国.
They no longer wanted to be part of this country.
他们不再想成为这个国家的一部分。
Instead, they formed the Confederate States of America.
相反,他们组成了美国联邦制国家。
Lincoln took office as president in March of 1861.
1861年3月林肯出任总统.
The two sides went to war a month later.
双方一个月后出战.
Soldiers who fought on the Confederate side were called rebels, or “Johnny Reb.”
在邦联一方作战的士兵被称为"叛军"或"约翰尼·雷布".
The Southern states fought hard for independence.
南方各州为争取独立进行了艰苦的斗争.
The Northern states supporting Lincoln and the United States were called the Union because they were dedicated to keeping the country together above all else.
支持林肯和美国的北方州之所以被称为"联邦",是因为它们致力于使国家凌驾于一切之上.
Their soldiers were nicknamed “Yankees” or “Yanks.”
他们的士兵被昵称为 " Yankees " 或 " Yanks " 。 “
Many Northerners wanted to end slavery and fought passionately in what they called the “War of Southern Rebellion.”
许多北方人想结束奴隶制,并在他们所谓的“南方叛乱战争”中进行了激烈的斗争。 “
Men (and sometimes boys) put on uniforms— Union blue, Confederate gray—and left their jobs, farms, and families to fight.
男子(有时是男孩)穿上制服——联盟蓝色、邦联灰色——并离开工作、农场和家庭去战斗。
Many thought the war would last only a few weeks or months.
许多人认为战争只会持续几个星期或几个月.
By the time of the Battle of Gettysburg, Lincoln had been president for two years.
到葛底斯堡之战时,林肯已经担任了两年总统.
Confederate General Robert E.
邦联将领罗伯特·E.
Lee had won many Civil War victories and had led troops north into Pennsylvania through Virginia and Maryland.
李在内战中多次取胜,并带领部队通过弗吉尼亚州和马里兰州北入宾夕法尼亚州.
Yet despite Union losses, Lincoln had kept the nation together.
然而,尽管联邦损失惨重,林肯仍维持着整个国家。
The Confederate States of America, 1861 1 Alabama 2 Arkansas 3 N.
美国联邦制国家,1861 1阿拉巴马2 Arkansas 3 N.
Carolina 4 S.
卡罗来纳4 S.
Carolina 5 Florida 6 Georgia 7 Louisiana 8 Mississippi 9 Tennessee 10 Texas 11 Virginia* Robert E.
卡罗来纳州5 佛罗里达州6 乔治亚州7 路易斯安那州8 密西西比州9 田纳西州10 德克萨斯州11 弗吉尼亚州* 罗伯特·E.
Lee *West Virginia formed during the Civil War.
李 *西弗吉尼亚在南北战争期间形成.
It is the only state to have formed by seceding from a Confederate state (Virginia).
它是唯一通过脱离邦联国家(Virginia)而形成的国家.
Four slave states did not join the Confederacy: Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, and Delaware.
四个奴隶州没有加入邦联:密苏里州,肯塔基州,马里兰州和特拉华州.
The Union marched more than 93,000 soldiers into Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, and the Confederates more than 71,000.
邦联出动了93,000多名士兵入驻宾夕法尼亚州的盖茨堡,邦联出动了71,000多.
When the fighting stopped three days later, nearly 51,000 soldiers were dead, wounded, or missing.
三天后战斗停止后,有近51 000名士兵死亡、受伤或失踪。
For every ten soldiers who fought in the battle, three were hurt or killed.
每十名参战的士兵,有三人被打伤或被杀死.
The Battle of Gettysburg ended Lee’s northward advance; however, the battle brought devastation to both sides as well as the town.
葛底斯堡战役结束了李向北推进;然而,这场战役给双方以及该镇带来了破坏.
Public buildings and even private homes had to be used as hospitals for the wounded.
公共建筑甚至私人住宅必须用作伤员的医院。
Every farm was a graveyard.
每个农场都是墓地
Although the war continued for another year and a half, no other Civil War battle killed more men than the Battle of Gettysburg.
虽然这场战争又持续了一年半,但是没有其他内战战役比起"葛底斯堡战役"杀死了更多的人了.
The Gettysburg Address The field at Gettysburg became the first national cemetery.
盖茨堡地址 葛底斯堡的田地成为了第一个国家公墓.
Four months after the Battle of Gettysburg, on November 19, 1863, the Soldiers’ National Cemetery was ready to be dedicated.
格底斯堡战役后四个月后,1863年11月19日,士兵国家公墓准备奉献.
President Lincoln was invited to give “a few appropriate remarks,” but he wasn’t the main speaker.
林肯总统被邀请发表“一些适当的言论”,但他不是主要发言者。
Instead, one of the most popular speakers of the time, Edward Everett, gave the formal speech—one that lasted two hours.
相反,当时最受欢迎的演讲者之一爱德华·埃弗雷特(Edward Everett)发表了正式演讲——一个持续了两个小时的演讲.
The Other Speaker Edward Everett was well known to the crowd at the dedication that day.
其他议长爱德华·埃弗雷特(Edward Everett)在当天的奉献中为群众所熟知.
A former U.
一个前U.
S.
师曰.
congressman and senator, he had plenty of practice speaking before an audience.
议员和参议员, 他有很多练习 在观众面前发言。
Everett got more practice at Gettysburg.
埃弗雷特在葛底斯堡得到了更多的练习.
He spoke for two hours—longer than many movies last today!
他讲了两个小时,比今天的很多电影还要长!
While a speech of that length might sound overwhelming or boring to us, it was common in the 1860s.
虽然这样长的发言对我们来说可能听起来令人难以忍受或无聊,但在1860年代却是常见的.
The crowd applauded, but Everett praised the president for his short speech in a letter written the next day: “I should be glad if I could flatter myself that I came as near to the central idea of the occasion, in two hours, as you did in two minutes.”
民众欢呼,但埃弗雷特在第二天的一封信中赞扬总统的简短讲话:“如果我能自夸一下,我应该高兴的是,我在两小时后就接近了会议的中心思想,就像你在两分钟内所做的那样。 “
In other words, Everett was impressed that the president said so much in so short a time.
换句话说,埃弗雷特给人留下了深刻的印象,总统在这么短的时间内说了这么多话.
Lincoln wrote back that he was glad to learn that his speech was not a “total failure.”
林肯回信称,他很高兴得知他的讲话并不是"完全失败". “
Days before the event, President Lincoln told a journalist that his speech would be “short, short, short.”
在活动前几天,林肯总统告诉一名记者,他的演讲“简短、简短。 “
True to his word, the president spoke for only two minutes.
总统只说了两分钟
Still, Lincoln gave careful thought to his words on this solemn day.
尽管如此,林肯在这一庄严的日子里还是仔细地考虑了他的话.
Witnesses describe Lincoln writing on the train to Gettysburg and even the morning of the ceremony.
目击者描述了林肯在去格底斯堡的火车上写作,甚至仪式的早晨.
He continued to write until it was time to go to the cemetery.
他继续写信,直到去墓地的时候。
The Battle of Gettysburg marked a turning point in the war, but even four months later, few people understood this.
格底斯堡战役标志着战争的转折点,但即使四个月后,也很少有人理解这一点.
Confederate leaders saw their loss as a defeat rather than a disaster.
邦联领导人将他们的损失视为失败而非灾难.
Some in the North were sick of the war—they wanted to let the South go, and Lincoln couldn’t tell them that victory was just around the corner.
他们想让南方人离开, 而林肯却无法告诉他们胜利即将到来。
He knew it was not.
他知道事实并非如此。
Lincoln had to find a way to keep the Union strong and in the fight.
林肯不得不想出一个方法来维持联盟的强大和战斗.
That day at Gettysburg, he needed more than a good speech—he needed a great speech.
那天在葛底斯堡,他需要的不仅仅是一个好的演讲,他需要一个伟大的演讲。
What Did President Lincoln Say?
林肯总统说了什么?
Today, the Gettysburg Address is considered one of the most inspiring speeches in American history.
今天,"葛底斯堡演说"被认为是美国历史上最鼓舞人心的演讲之一.
Since Lincoln gave his famous speech before tape recorders were invented, however, there’s no proof of his exact words.
自从林肯在录音机发明之前发表了他著名的演讲,
Reporters at the cemetery wrote down what they heard and then sent it by telegraph to newspapers.
墓地的记者将听到的记下,然后用电报发送给报纸.
What’s more, five copies of the speech exist that were written in Lincoln’s own hand, all slightly different from each other.
更何况,有五份是林肯亲手写的演讲,彼此略有不同。
How Did the President Sound?
总统怎么样?
Because the Gettysburg Address was given in 1863, we don’t have recordings of it, but many witnesses and reporters wrote about it.
因为Gettysburg地址是1863年给出的,所以我们没有录音,但许多目击者和记者都写了这些地址.
It is said that Lincoln spoke loudly and clearly but also slowly and carefully.
据说林肯说话大声而清晰,但也缓慢而小心.
Lincoln’s slow speech may have been for effect—to reflect how serious and solemn his words were.
林肯的迟缓演讲可能是为了反映他的言辞多么严肃而庄严。
It also could have been because he knew his remarks were not very long.
也可能是因为他知道自己的话并不长。
We now know that Lincoln was coming down with a serious illness when he gave the Gettysburg Address.
我们现在知道林肯在给葛底斯堡地址时 患有重病
Most who saw Lincoln that day describe him as appropriately “sad” and “mournful.”
那天见到林肯的大多数人都称他为适当的"悲哀"和"愤怒". “
Lincoln’s secretary also said his color was “ghastly” and his face “haggard.”
林肯的秘书也表示他的颜色"令人发指"而他的脸也"黑客". “
The president mentioned weakness and dizziness on the day and the morning before the famous speech.
总统在著名演说的前一天和早晨提到软弱和眩晕.
By the time Lincoln boarded the train home, he was feverish and had a severe headache.
到了林肯登上火车回家的时候,他发烧了,头痛很重.
He was later diagnosed with smallpox.
他后来被诊断出患有天花.
The most popular version of the Gettysburg Address is the fifth and last one.
最受欢迎的"葛底斯堡地址"版本是第五个也是最后一个版本.
Lincoln even signed and titled this version, which is why it is the most often-reproduced copy and is considered to be worth almost half a million dollars.
林肯甚至签署并命名了这个版本,这就是为什么它是最经常被复制的,被认为价值近50万美元.
It hangs in the Lincoln Room of the White House.
它挂在白宫的林肯房间.
Here is the text of that version: But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate— we can not consecrate—we can not hallow—this ground.
以下是该版本的案文: 但是,从更大的意义上讲,我们不能奉献——不能神圣地——我们也不能神圣地——这个地盘。
The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract.
勇者活活活活活活地在这里奋斗,已崇敬了它,远远超越了我们可怜的力量来增减.
The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here.
世界将很少注意到,也不会长期记住我们在这里说的话,但它永远不会忘记他们在这里的所作所为。
It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced.
对我们来说,活人应该在这里致力于他们迄今在座作战的尚未完成的工作。
It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they here gave the last full measure of devotion—that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.
相反,我们在这里致力于我们面前的伟大任务——我们从这些荣耀的逝去者身上,更加忠于他们在这里给予最后一点奉献的事业——我们在这里强烈决心,这些逝去者不会白白地死去——这个民族将在上帝领导下获得自由的新诞生——以及人民为人民而组成的政府,不会从地上灭亡。
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
四分和七年前,我们的父亲在这个大陆上诞生了一个新国家,这个新国家是在自由所构想的,并致力于使人人平等的主张。
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure.
现在,我们正在进行一场伟大的内战,考验这个国家,或任何这样构思和如此奉献的国家,是否能够长久地忍受。
We are met on a great battle-field of that war.
我们在这场战争的伟大战场上相遇。
We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live.
我们来此是为了把这个领域的一部分作为最后的安息地,供那些在这里献出生命、让这个国家能够生活的人使用。
It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.
我们这样做是完全恰当的。
A Closer Look Let’s take Lincoln’s address line by line to better understand what he said.
仔细看看 让我们逐行了解林肯的地址,
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
四分和七年前,我们的父亲在这个大陆上诞生了一个新国家,这个新国家是在自由所构想的,并致力于使人人平等的主张。
When Lincoln says “four score and seven years ago,” he means four sets of twenty, or eighty, years plus another seven.
当林肯说“七年前的四分”时,他的意思是四套二十分,或八十分,再加七分。
The year was 1863; eighty-seven years before was 1776, the year of the Declaration of Independence.
该年是1863年;前87年是"独立宣言"的1776年.
When Lincoln says, “our fathers brought forth.
当林肯说,“我们的父亲带来了。
a new nation,” he means the Founding Fathers, such as Thomas Jefferson, who established the United States of America.
他指的是建立美利坚合众国的创始人,如托马斯·杰斐逊。
Jefferson wrote the line in the Declaration of Independence that Lincoln refers to: “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.”
杰斐逊在"独立宣言"中写道:"我们认为这些真理是不言而喻的,所有的人都是平等的. “
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure.
现在,我们正在进行一场伟大的内战,考验这个国家,或任何这样构思和如此奉献的国家,是否能够长久地忍受。
Here Lincoln moves from the past to the present.
在这里林肯从过去走向现在.
He explains that the painful Civil War is “testing” the country, revealing its strengths and weaknesses by putting it under strain.
他解释说,这场痛苦的内战正在“考验”这个国家,通过使这个国家承受压力来揭示它的长处和弱点。
Gettysburg National Cemetery is the final resting place for more than 3,500 Union soldiers killed in the Battle of Gettysburg.
葛底斯堡国家公墓是3500多名在葛底斯堡战役中阵亡的联盟士兵的最终安息地.
In the 1870s, the remains of 3,200 Confederate soldiers were sent to cemeteries in the South.
1870年代,3200名邦联士兵的遗体被送往南方的墓地.
A few Confederates do remain at Gettysburg, along with soldiers from later wars.
少数邦联党员确实留在了格底斯堡,还有后来战争的士兵.
We are met on a great battle-field of that war.
我们在这场战争的伟大战场上相遇。
The Battle of Gettysburg was one of the bloodiest of the long war.
格底斯堡之战是长期战争中最血腥的战役之一.
Yet Confederate leaders showed no signs of giving up, and Lincoln knew the war was far from over.
然而邦联领导人并没有表现出放弃的迹象,而林肯知道战争远未结束.
We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live.
我们来此是为了把这个领域的一部分作为最后的安息地,供那些在这里献出生命、让这个国家能够生活的人使用。
Saying the soldiers “gave their lives” rather than “died” puts emphasis on their sacrifice for their country.
说士兵“牺牲生命”而不是“死亡”,强调他们为国家而牺牲。
Lincoln was trying to unite the mourners on both sides of the war for the sake of the country.
林肯为了国家而试图将战争双方的哀悼者团结起来.
It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.
我们这样做是完全恰当的。