Egypt
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Where Is It?
内容表在哪里?
............................... 4 People.................................... 6 Land..................................... 8 History.................................. 10 Landmarks.............................. 12 Animals................................. 13 Conclusion............................... 14 Glossary................................. 16 Where Is It?
页:1 4 人. . 6 地. 8 历史. 10 地标。 12 动物. 13 结论。 14 词汇表. 16号在哪里?
Cairo (KEYE-roh), Egypt’s capital city, is located in the north. The Nile River flows through it on its way to the Mediterranean Sea. Cairo is one of the largest cities in Africa, with a population of more than eleven million people. Cairo sits on the same site as it did more than one thousand years ago. Arabs who conquered Egypt in ad 640 named it Al-Qahirah (el-KAH-hih-rah), which means “the victorious” in Arabic. Before that time, other ancient civilizations built towns on or near the site. Cairo is a place where ancient meets modern. Mosques and other buildings reflect Egypt’s long history. Many buildings date back to the times when Romans, Arabs, and Turks occupied Egypt. Near Cairo are the Pyramids of Giza, the monuments of ancient Egypt’s pharaohs (FEHR- ohz). Modern western-style hotels line the Nile. People More than eighty-six million people live in Egypt. Many of Egypt’s cities and towns are located along the Nile, which runs through the eastern part of the country. Because the rest of the country is mainly desert, a large majority of Egyptians live near the Nile. People use ground water for cooking, washing, and drinking, and they use river water for irrigating crops. Many farmers grow cotton for Egypt’s large textile industry in the fertile land along the banks of the Nile. Farmers also grow wheat, rice, corn, beans, fruits, and vegetables. They dig canals that channel the river water to their crops for irrigation. In Egypt’s cities, many people work in service industries, and tourism is an important part of the country’s economy. In addition, people work in factories to produce textiles and process food. Egyptian farmers use hoses to pump water into canals to irrigate their crops.
埃及首都开罗(KEYE-roh)位于北部. 尼罗河在通向地中海的途中会流出. 开罗是非洲最大的城市之一,人口超过1100万. 开罗与一千多年前一样坐落在同一个站点上. 在640年征服埃及的阿拉伯人将其取名为Al-Qahirah(el-KAH-hih-rah),意思是阿拉伯语的“胜利者”。 在此之前,其他古代文明在遗址上或附近建立了城镇. 开罗是古代与现代相会的地方. 清真寺等建筑反映了埃及的悠久历史. 许多建筑可以追溯到罗马人,阿拉伯人,土耳其人占领埃及的时代. 开罗附近是吉萨金字塔, 现代西式酒店线尼罗河. 超过8600万人生活在埃及. 埃及的许多城镇都位于尼罗河一带,尼罗河贯穿该国东部. 由于该国其他地区主要是沙漠地,所以绝大多数埃及人生活在尼罗河附近. 人们使用地下水来做饭,洗涤和饮用,他们使用河水来灌溉农作物. 许多农民在尼罗河沿岸的肥沃土地上为埃及的大型纺织业种植棉花. 农民还种植小麦,水稻,玉米,豆子,水果和蔬菜. 他们挖出运河,把河水引到农作物上灌溉. 在埃及的城市,许多人在服务业工作,而旅游业是国家经济的重要组成部分. 此外,人们在工厂工作,生产纺织品并加工食品. 埃及农民使用软管将水泵入运河来灌溉作物.
The Pyramids of Giza are southwest of Cairo.
吉萨金字塔位于开罗西南部.
Most people in Egypt speak some form of Arabic. Most Egyptians are descended from people who originally lived in the Arabian Peninsula in Asia. There are many different Arabic groups in Egypt, and the form of Arabic they speak depends on where they live. Other Egyptians are of African descent, and many of these groups have their own languages as well. About ninety percent of Egyptians are Muslim and follow the religion of Islam. Nearly ten percent follow Christian religions. Christianity was the main religion of Egyptians before Islam spread to the region around ad 640. Although many Egyptians in cities wear western-style clothing, in villages many Egyptians wear long-sleeved tunics called galabayas (gal-ah-BAY-ahs). Men often wear white, blue, or gray ones, while unmarried women usually wear bright colors. In addition, Muslim women typically wear a veil, called a hijab (hih-JAHB), that covers their heads. Land Most of Egypt is covered with deserts, with the large Western Desert covering two thirds of the country. The Eastern Desert lies next to the Red Sea. The smaller Sinai Desert covers the Sinai Peninsula. All these deserts are part of the Sahara Desert. Each desert has its own unique characteristics. The Western Desert looks like an endless sea of sand dunes with many sharp rocks. The Eastern Desert has wadis (WAH-deez), or dry beds of seasonal rivers that only fill up with water after a heavy rain. The Eastern Desert also includes rugged mountains in the east. The Sinai Desert has tall mountains and deep canyons. In all three deserts, green oases can be found. Muslims attend a sermon at a mosque in Cairo.
埃及大多数人会说某种形式的阿拉伯语. 大多数埃及人来自最初生活在亚洲阿拉伯半岛的人. 埃及有许多不同的阿拉伯语群体,他们讲阿拉伯语的形式取决于他们居住的地方. 其他埃及人都是非洲裔,其中许多群体也有自己的语言。 大约90%的埃及人都是穆斯林,信奉伊斯兰教. 近10%的人信奉基督教。 基督教是伊斯兰教在640年左右传入该地区之前埃及人的主要宗教. 尽管许多城市的埃及人穿西式服装,但在村庄中许多埃及人穿长袖被称作"galabayas"(gal-ah-BAY-ahs). 男性常穿白色,蓝色或灰色的外衣,而未婚女性通常会穿出明亮的颜色. 此外,穆斯林妇女通常戴面纱,被称作头巾(hih-JAHB),遮住头部. 埃及大部分地被沙漠所覆盖,西部大沙漠覆盖了全国三分之二. 东部沙漠位于红海相邻. 较小的西奈沙漠覆盖了西奈半岛. 所有这些沙漠都是撒哈拉沙漠的一部分. 每个沙漠都有自己独特的特点. 西部沙漠看起来像是一片无尽的沙丘之海,有众多尖锐的岩石. 东部沙漠有wadis (WAH-deez),或干燥的季节性河流床,在大雨后才被灌满. 东部沙漠还包括了东部崎岖的山脉. 西奈沙漠有高山和深峡谷. 在三个沙漠中都能找到绿色绿洲. 穆斯林参加开罗清真寺的布道会。
The fertile Nile River Valley is the border between the Western and Eastern Deserts. The Nile is one of the longest rivers in the world, flowing from south to north and ending at the Mediterranean Sea. Near its mouth, the river spreads out into the triangle-shaped Nile Delta. This well-irrigated land holds some of the most fertile soil in Egypt. The Nile Delta stretches about 160 kilometers (100 mi.) between Cairo and the Mediterranean Sea. In the south of Egypt, the Nile forms the world’s largest artificial lake, Lake Nasser. The lake was created in the 1960s when the Aswan Dam was built. Some historical sites were originally located on the land flooded to create Lake Nasser but were moved and reconstructed on safer ground nearby. History Thousands of years ago, one of the world’s first civilizations developed along the banks of the Nile in Egypt. The seasonal flooding of the river provided rich land for the ancient Egyptians, and they were among the first people in the world to grow crops and use a plow. For about three thousand years, thirty different dynasties of pharaohs ruled ancient Egypt. The ancient Egyptians believed the pharaohs were living gods, and they built huge stone monuments and tombs for them. The ancient Egyptians were also polytheistic, which means they believed in many gods. The pharaohs led the building of elaborate stone temples to honor different Egyptian gods. Between about 2700 and 1000 bc, Egypt was one of the greatest civilizations in the world. Hatshepsut The temple of Hatshepsut (haht-SHEP-soot) is located across the Nile from the present-day city of Luxor, near the site of the ancient Egyptian city of Thebes.
肥沃的尼罗河河谷是西部和东部沙漠的接壤地. 尼罗河是世界上最长的河流之一,由南向北流出并止于地中海. 在它的口附近,河流向外扩展为三角形的尼罗河三角洲. 这片灌溉良好的地蕴藏着埃及最肥沃的一些土壤. 尼罗河三角洲从开罗到地中海相距约160公里(100米). 在埃及南部,尼罗河形成了世界上最大的人工湖"纳赛尔湖". 该湖创建于1960年代阿斯旺大坝建成后. 一些历史遗址最初位于被淹没以创造纳赛尔湖的地上,但在附近较安全的地上被迁移并重建. 历史 数千年前,埃及尼罗河沿岸发展出世界上最早的文明之一。 河流的季节性洪灾为古埃及人提供了丰富的土地,他们是世界上最早种植农作物并使用犁地的人. 在大约三千年的时间里,有三十个不同的法老王朝统治了古埃及. 古埃及人相信法老是活神,他们为他们建造了巨大的石碑和坟墓. 古埃及人也是多神论者,这意味着他们相信许多神. 法老们领导建造了精心建造的石庙来纪念不同的埃及神. 在大约2700至1000 bc之间,埃及是世界上最伟大的文明之一. 头巾 哈特-SHEP-soot)是位于尼罗河对面与现在的卢克索尔城市相邻的哈特谢普苏特神庙,靠近古埃及城市特比斯的遗址.
Hatshepsut is one of the few known female Egyptian pharaohs.
哈特谢普苏特是少数已知的女性埃及法老之一.
She reigned from around 1473 to 1458 bc.
她从1473年左右到1458年bc统治.
Ancient images show her wearing a false beard and traditional male clothing.
古代的图像显示她穿着假胡子和传统的男性服装.
Animals People in Egypt’s rural areas raise many animals, such as sheep, goats, donkeys, and water buffalo. Some people also raise and use camels for work. Some wild animals live in the harsh conditions of the deserts. One desert animal is the fennec, a small fox with large ears. The fennec spends most of its day underground in a burrow and comes out at night to find food. Many snakes, lizards, and scorpions also live in the deserts. The ibex (EYE-beks), a sturdy wild goat, is another animal that can survive in the deserts’ difficult conditions. The Nile and its valley are also home to many kinds of animals. Hundreds of different types of fish swim in the Nile’s waters, and crocodiles can be found in the southern part of the river. Conclusion Egypt is an amazing country filled with history. Both animals and people live in its rugged deserts. Cutting a path through the desert, the Nile River provides life-giving water and fertile land for crops. Throughout history, people have battled for control of the land of Egypt. These conquests have shaped its people and culture. Egypt’s many historical sites hold secrets and treasures that are important to the rest of the world. Camels are particularly well suited to Egypt’s desert conditions because they can survive on very little water.
埃及农村地区民众饲养多只动物,如羊、山羊、驴和水牛等。 一些人还饲养并使用骆驼做工. 一些野生动物生活在沙漠的恶劣条件下. 一个沙漠动物是芬纳克,一只有大耳朵的小狐狸. 芬纳克大部分时间在地底下的地洞里度过,晚上出来找食物. 许多蛇,蜥蜴和蝎子也生活在沙漠中. 野山羊(英語:EYE-beks)是一头坚固的野生山羊,是另一种能够在沙漠艰苦条件下生存的动物. 尼罗河及其河谷也是多种动物的栖息地. 在尼罗河水域有上百种不同的鱼类游来游去,而鳄鱼可以出现在河的南部. 埃及是一个充满历史的神奇国家。 动物和人类都生活在其崎岖的沙漠中. 尼罗河从沙漠中切断出一条道路,为作物提供了生命之源和肥沃地。 在整个历史中,人们为控制埃及地而战. 这些征服塑造了它的民族和文化. 埃及许多历史遗址拥有对世界其他地方都很重要的秘密和珍宝. 骆驼尤其适合埃及的沙漠条件,
Riding in a felucca, or small sailing boat, on the Nile is a popular tourist activity in Egypt.
在尼罗河上骑乘费卢克卡号或小型帆船,是埃及受欢迎的旅游活动.
Source: Central Intelligence Agency (July 2014), World Bank Glossary delta (n.)
资料来源:中央情报局(2014年7月),世界银行词汇表(n.)
an area of land shaped like a triangle formed by sediment at the mouth of a river (p. 9) dunes (n.)
由河口沉积物形成的三角形地块(p. 9) 沙丘 (n.
hills of sand formed by wind (p. 8) dynasties (n.)
由风所形成的沙丘(p. 8) 王朝 (n.
series of rulers from the same family in a country (p. 10) empire (n.)
国家(p. 10)帝国(n.
a collection of nations or people ruled by one person or government (p. 11) irrigation (n.)
(第11页)
the practice of supplying water to land or crops to promote growth (p. 6) Islam (n.)
为土地或作物提供水以促进增长的做法(p. 6) 伊斯兰教(n.
the monotheistic faith of Muslims, based on the teachings of the prophet Muhammad (p. 7) mosques (n.)
根据先知穆罕默德的教义(第7页),穆斯林的一神论信仰(n.
places of worship in the Islamic faith (p. 5) oases (n.)
伊斯兰信仰的礼拜场所(第5页)
fertile places in a desert that have water (p. 8) pharaohs (n.)
沙漠有水的肥沃地(p. 8) 法老 (n.
titles given to kings in ancient Egypt (p. 5) pyramids (n.)
古埃及给国王的头衔(第5页) 金字塔 (n.
large buildings with three or more sides shaped like a triangle (p. 5) textile (n.)
外形为三角形(p. 5) 纺织 (n.
fabric that is woven or knitted (p. 6) tourism (n.)
编织或编织的织物(第6页) 旅游业(n.
the business of providing services for people traveling for pleasure (p. 6) Population: 86,895,099 Land: 995,450 sq km (622,272 sq.
为游玩者提供服务(第2页)。 6) 人口:86,895,099人 地:995,450平方公里(622,272平方公里.
mi.)
(中文(简体) ).