Rock Music History
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Introduction.
导言表。
4 Audience.
4观众.
6 Technology.
6 技术。
7 Records.
7 记录。
7 Radio.
7收音机.
9 Television.
9 电视.
11 Electric Guitar.
11 电吉他.
12 Performers.
12个表演者。
13 Chuck Berry.
13 查克贝瑞。
14 Elvis Presley.
14个猫王Presley。
15 Buddy Holly and Ritchie Valens.
15巴迪·霍利和里奇·瓦伦斯.
16 Society.
16会.
18 Economics.
18 经济学。
18 Culture.
18 文化。
19 Conclusion.
19 结论。
21 Glossary.
21 词汇表。
22 Index.
22 指数。
24 Introduction You may like listening or dancing to rock music.
导言 你可能喜欢听或跳舞 摇滚音乐。
You may have even attended a rock concert.
你甚至可能参加过摇滚音乐会
But do you know where rock music came from?
但你知道摇滚乐从哪里来吗?
Do you know when it started?
你知道什么时候开始的吗?
Do you know that it was first called rock ’n’ roll?
你知道它最初叫摇滚乐吗?
The term “rock ’n’ roll” (or rock and roll) came from a disc jockey named Alan Freed, who started playing early rock music on a Cleveland radio station beginning in 1951.
" 摇滚 " (或 " 摇滚 " )一词来自一个名叫Alan Freed的盘子骑师,他从1951年开始在克利夫兰广播电台演奏早期摇滚音乐。
But the musical genre that rock ’n’ roll identifies was not discovered or invented by Freed.
但Freed并没有发现或发明出摇滚乐的特征。
It developed over time through the influence and contributions of many musicians.
它通过许多音乐家的影响力和贡献而随着时间的推移而得到发展.
Audience Teenagers were the primary audience of rock ’n’ roll music.
青少年观众是摇滚乐的主要听众。
During the 1950s, teens were usually portrayed in wholesome ways through television shows like The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet and Leave it to Beaver.
20世纪50年代,青少年通常通过电视剧如"奥齐和哈丽特的冒险"(The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet),以优美的方式被描绘出来,并留给了Beaver.
But some teenagers of the 1950s generation identified more and more with the character James Dean played in the film Rebel Without a Cause.
但1950年代的一些青少年越来越认同出詹姆斯·迪恩在电影"没有事业的反叛"中扮演的角色.
Teenagers started challenging the authority of parents and institutions.
青少年开始挑战父母和机构的权威。
Changes in society gave them more opportunities to do this.
社会的变化使他们有更多的机会这样做。
Many of the rock ’n’ roll artists that teens were listening to were teenagers themselves or only slightly older.
青少年所聆听的摇滚乐艺术家中,
The lyrics of the rock ’n’ roll songs reflected the generation’s feelings and attitudes.
摇滚歌曲的歌词反映了这一代人的感情和态度。
Parents did not understand these rapidly changing times, which contrasted with the more serious times they had experienced growing up.
父母不了解这些瞬息万变的时代,这与他们长大后所经历的更严重的时代形成对比.
Moment in Time: 1951 Other ma jor events were taking place when Alan Freed started playing rock ’n’ roll music.
时间:1951年 Alan Freed开始演奏摇滚乐时,
In that same year, China took over Tibet, the first color television was made, and the first commercial computer, called the UNIVAC, was built.
同年,中国接管了西藏,制造了第一台彩色电视机,并建造了第一台商业计算机"UNIVAC".
The UNIVAC computer was so large that it filled the space of a small room!
UNIVAC电脑那么大 竟然挤满了小房间的空间!
Research on your own to find out what else was taking place around the world in 1951.
自行研究,以了解1951年世界各地发生的其他事.
Technology Records Unlike today, in the early days of rock ’n’ roll there was no such thing as a compact disc (CD) or an MP3 file.
技术记录 与今日不同, 在摇滚的早期,
So, rock ’n’ roll and other music was recorded on vinyl discs called records.
因此,摇滚乐和其他音乐被收录在被称作唱片的乙烯光碟上.
The two most common kinds of vinyl records were LPs and 45s.
阴道记录最常见的两种是LP和45s.
The long-playing (LP) record is more than twice the size of a CD.
长打(LP)纪录是一CD的两倍多.
The most common LP was 12 inches in diameter and had about 30 minutes of recorded music.
最常见的LP是直径为12英寸并有约30分钟的录音音乐.
To play an LP, you needed a phonograph (record player).
要演奏LP,需要留声机(录音播放器).
A turntable would spin an LP at a speed of 33 ½ revolutions per minute (RPM).
转盘会以每分钟33分一分二的转速旋转液压器。
Forty-fives were smaller records that were about 7 inches in diameter.
45是较小的纪录,直径约为7英寸.
They had room for only about 4 minutes of music, or long enough for one song on each side of the record.
他们只有大约4分钟的音乐空间,或者在唱片的每边都有一首歌足够长.
These smaller records played at a speed of 45 RPM—that’s why they were called “forty-fives.”
这些较小的记录以45 RPM的速度播放,因此被称为 " 四十五 " 。 “
Rock ’n’ roll music was recorded in many studios that started up in the 1950s and continue to record music today.
Rock'n的卷曲音乐在1950年代开始的许多工作室被收录,今天继续收录音乐.
Sun Record Company is one of those recording studios.
太阳唱片公司是那些录音室之一。
Its founder, Sam Phillips, discovered the talent of the singer who became known as the King of Rock and Roll, Elvis Presley.
其创始人山姆·菲利普斯(英语:Sam Phillips)发现了歌手"摇滚之王""猫王""Presley"的才华.
Phillips produced Elvis’s first record, That’s All Right, Mama.
菲利普斯生产 猫王的第一张唱片, 没关系,妈妈。
Records, like CDs, moved from production to distribution to record shops and radio stations so they could be played over the airwaves.
唱片和CD一样,从出品转向发售到唱片店和收音机,以便通过收音机播放.
Teens could hear music on their phonographs at home, from a jukebox at their favorite diners, or from a disc jockey at a dance.
年轻人在家里的留声机上可以听到音乐, 从他们最喜欢的餐厅的点唱机, 或者从跳舞时的盘子骑师那里。
Radio Until 1954, nothing like today’s portable music players existed.
直到1954年,没有任何像今天的便携式音乐播放器这样的东西存在.
You couldn’t (nor would you want to try to) carry around a phonograph or a home radio console.
你无法(也不愿尝试)携带留声机或家用收音机。
Radio consoles made for family living rooms were often as big as a piece of furniture.
为家庭起居室所制造的无线电控制台往往与家具一样大。
The invention of the transistor changed that.
晶体管的发明改变了这一点。
The transistor radio made it possible for teenagers to listen to rock ’n’ roll music away from their parents.
收音机使青少年能够听从父母的摇滚乐。
Teenagers could tune their own radios to the station of their choice.
青少年可以把自己的收音机调到自己选择的电台.
They no longer had to listen to their parents’ music.
他们不再听父母的音乐。
By this time, radios had become standard equipment in automobiles as well.
此时无线电也成为了汽车的标准设备.
Teenagers lucky enough to get permission to borrow the family car, or to have a car of their own, drove to diners, drive-in movie theaters, beaches, and other places.
年轻人幸运地得到允许,可以借用家用车,或者拥有自己的一辆车,开车去餐馆、电影院、海滩等地。
These places became known as teenage hangouts.
这些地方被称为"少年流浪".
They played rock ’n’ roll songs on their radios for everyone to hear.
他们用收音机播放摇滚歌曲,
The radio was also an inexpensive way to market records.
收音机也是市场记录的一种廉价方式。
As more teenagers heard songs on the radio, the more they liked them.
随着越来越多的青少年在收音机中听到歌曲,他们越喜欢.
They would go out to record stores and buy records they heard on the radio.
他们会去唱片店买他们从电台听到的唱片
As a result, record companies started paying radio stations to play the records that they most wanted to sell.
因此,唱片公司开始支付电台费用来播放他们最想出售的唱片.
Alan Freed, who dubbed the name rock ’n’ roll, was a disc jockey at one of these radio stations.
Alan Freed曾取名摇滚乐,
Home radio console Pocket transistor radios were small enough to fit in a shirt pocket.
家用收音机 口袋晶体管收音机小到可以装入衬衫口袋.
Television Along with the transistor, other electronic inventions also helped rock ’n’ roll music gain popularity.
其他电子发明也帮助摇滚乐获得欢迎。
For decades, people had relied on the radio for news and music.
几十年来,人们一直依靠收音机进行新闻和音乐。
Now, they had television.
现在,他们有电视。
They could now see the news as well as other shows that included musical performances.
他们现在可以看到新闻以及包括音乐表演在内的其他节目。
Television became a major means of spreading rock ’n’ roll around the country and the world.
电视成为在全国和全世界传播摇滚乐的主要手段。
TV programs like Dick Clark’s American Bandstand (1957) became a big draw to teenagers.
Dick Clark的"美国乐队"(1957年)等电视节目成为了青少年的大招.
Bandstand featured teenagers dancing to Top 40 hits, or the 40 most popular songs based on current record sales.
Bandstand以青少年舞蹈为主打TOP 40出道,或以目前唱片销量为基础最受欢迎的40首歌曲.
Another popular program was The Ed Sullivan Show, which featured live on-stage performances.
另一个受欢迎的节目是"爱德·沙利文秀"(The Ed Sullivan Show),该节目以现场表演为主.
The Ed Sullivan Show helped launch the careers of many rock ’n’ roll musicians, such as Elvis Presley and the Beatles.
爱德·沙利文 Show帮助许多摇滚音乐家如埃尔维斯·普雷斯利和披头士的职业生涯展开.
Electric Guitar In early rock ’n’ roll music, guitarists played only acoustic guitars.
电吉他 在早期摇滚乐中,吉他手只演奏相声吉他.
They had to play them next to a microphone so that large audiences could hear the guitar’s sound.
他们不得不在麦克风旁边演奏,
But then Adolph Rickenbacker invented the electric guitar.
但后来阿道夫·瑞肯贝克发明了电吉他.
The electric guitar was plugged into an amplifier, which used electricity to make the sound from the guitar louder.
电吉他被插入了放大器中,放大器使用电来从吉他更响起的声音.
The electric guitar became popular and started being manufactured by companies such as Rickenbacker ®, Fender®, and Gibson®.
电吉他开始流行并开始由Rickenbacker ®,Fender®和Gibson®等公司制造.
Together with a different drumming style (the backbeat), the electric guitar gave rock ‘n’ roll its most distinctive sound.
电吉他与不同的鼓声风格(回击),
Electric Guitar Flying V Electric Guitar Electric Bass Guitar Ed Sullivan, left, and Elvis Presley chat before the show.
电吉他飞行V 电吉他 Electric Guitar Electric Bass Guitar Ed Sullivan出道后离开,出道前猫王Presley聊天.
Chuck Berry The first personality in the history of rock music is Chuck Berry.
查克贝瑞 摇滚音乐史上的第一个个性是Chuck Berry.
Charles Edward Berry was born in St.
查尔斯·爱德华·贝里生于圣.
Louis, Missouri, in 1926.
1926年出任密苏里州路易.
One of Berry’s most well-known songs was Johnny B.
贝里最出名的一首歌曲是约翰尼·B.
Goode (1958).
古德 (1958) (英语).
The lyrics of the song say that Johnny “never ever learned to read or write so well” but “he could play the guitar just like a ringing a bell” followed by the line “Go, go, go, Johnny go, go.
歌曲的歌词中说,约翰尼“从来没有学过这么好地阅读或写作”,但“他可以弹出吉他,就像敲钟一样。”
Berry’s guitar-playing style was a great influence in the development of the rock ’n’ roll sound.
Berry的吉他演奏风格对摇滚乐的开发有很大影响。
He was radical in that he also introduced stage antics into his performances, like the famous “duck walk.”
他非常激进,他还将舞台动画引入了他的表演中,就像著名的"鸭行走". “
Today, it is not uncommon to see rock musicians dance, jump, or leap across the stage while they perform.
今天,看到摇滚音乐家在表演时会跳舞、跳跃或跳跃过舞台,这并非罕见。
Performers So who played rock ’n’ roll music?
表演者 谁演奏摇滚乐?
In the early days of rock ’n’ roll, several white artists picked up rhythm and blues songs from black artists and remade them.
在摇滚乐早期,几位白人艺术家从黑人艺术家那里取出节奏和蓝调歌曲并重新制作.
Many black artists, such as Chuck Berry and Chubby Checker, became popular with both black and white audiences.
许多黑人艺术家,例如Chuck Berry和Chubby Checker,都变得受到黑人和白人观众的欢迎.
Certainly, rhythm and blues was not the only genre of music that helped create rock ’n’ roll.
当然,节奏和蓝调并不是音乐中唯一有助于创造摇滚乐的流派。
Others included boogie, Appalachian folk music, country and western, and gospel.
其他包括布吉、阿巴拉契人民间音乐、乡村和西部以及福音。
Many musicians also contributed to the birth and growth of rock ’n’ roll.
许多音乐家也为摇滚乐的诞生和成长做出了贡献.
Some were piano players, while others were guitarists.
有的是钢琴演奏家,有的是吉他演奏家.
Some were known as solo performers, while others were known as bands, and finally, some were American, while others were British.
有的被称作"独奏表演者",有的被称作"乐队",最后,有的是美国人,有的是英国人.
The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland, Ohio, honors people who have made significant contributions to rock ’n’ roll.
在俄亥俄州克利夫兰的摇滚名人堂,
Chuck Berry performs the “duck walk” in a 1986 performance.
Chuck Berry在1986年的一次演出中表演了"鸭行走".
Singer Chubby Checker twists with a dance partner in London.
歌手Chubby Checker在伦敦和舞伴扭了一下.
Buddy Holly and Ritchie Valens Buddy Holly was born in Lubbock, Texas, in 1936.
巴迪·霍利和里奇·瓦伦斯·巴迪·霍利于1936年生于德克萨斯州的卢布博克.
He performed with a group named The Crickets.
他与一个叫"板球"的团体演出.
While Chuck Berry had his duck walk, and Elvis his jerky knee and curled lip, Holly had his trademark, too.
恰克的时候 贝里走过鸭子 他的马屁精膝盖和卷发唇 霍利也有他的商标
He wore black-rimmed glasses and added an occasional hiccup to his singing.
他戴着黑色的圆镜,在唱歌时偶尔会打嗝.
Holly is perhaps best known for the song Peggy Sue (1957), which talks about the relationship between a boy and a girl.
霍莉或许以歌曲"佩吉·苏"(1957)最为出名,该曲讲述了男孩与女孩的关系.
Ritchie Valens (Richard Valenzuela) was born in 1941 in Los Angeles, California.
里奇·瓦伦斯(英语:Richard Valenzuela)于1941年生于加利福尼亚州洛杉矶.
Even if you don’t recognize his name, you might have heard his most well-known song—La Bamba (1958).
即使你认不出他的名字,你也可能听过他最出名的一首歌——La Bamba (1958).
The lyrics of this song, all in Spanish, originated in a cultural folk song to which Valens applied the rock ’n’ roll sound.
这首歌的歌词全用西班牙语,起源于一首文化民歌,瓦伦斯对这首歌运用了摇滚乐的声音.
Elvis Presley Elvis Presley is another important personality in the history of rock music.
埃尔维斯·普雷斯利·埃尔维斯·普雷斯利是摇滚音乐史上又一重要人格.
So important, in fact, that many have crowned him the “King of Rock and Roll.”
事实上,如此重要的是,许多人为他加冕为“摇滚之王”。 “
Elvis impersonators mimic his right knee-jerking movement and his curled-up lip.
猫王冒充者模仿了右膝起舞的动作和卷起的嘴唇.
Elvis Aaron Presley was born in Tupelo, Mississippi, in 1935.
埃尔维斯·亚伦·普雷斯利于1935年生于密西西比州图佩洛.
Presley played a type of music called rockabilly.
普雷斯利演奏了一种叫"摇滚"的音乐.
Elvis is given credit by many for making rock ’n’ roll so popular.
许多人赞扬猫王让摇滚乐如此受欢迎。
Elvis became so popular that he made movies in which he would sing.
猫王变得如此受欢迎,以至于他拍摄出电影,在电影中他会唱歌.
That made rock ’n’ roll music even more a part of popular culture.
摇滚乐更是流行文化的一部分。
Although Valens and Holly made an impact on rock ’n’ roll history, their careers ended abruptly.
虽然Valens和Holly对摇滚乐史产生了影响,
They died in a plane crash in 1959 on their way to a gig in Moorhead, Minnesota.
他们于1959年在去明尼苏达州摩尔黑德的演出途中在飞机坠毁中丧生.
Of course, guitar players were not the only musicians who contributed greatly to early rock ’n’ roll music; there were also piano players such as Little Richard (Richard Wayne Penniman) and Jerry Lee Lewis.
当然,吉他演奏家并不是唯一为早期摇滚乐做出巨大贡献的音乐家;还有小理查德(英语:Richard Wayne Penniman)和杰瑞·李·刘易斯等钢琴演奏家.
Read about these and other major players in rock ’n’ roll history at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame website at www.
在摇滚名人堂网站www.
rockhall.
摇滚乐。
com.
电话
Society Economics So what was it about the 1950s that made rock ’n’ roll music so popular?
社会经济学 20世纪50年代摇滚乐的流行程度如何?
The United States economy was booming after World War II.
二战后美国经济蓬勃发展.
New inventions had given people more time to enjoy things like television and radio.
新的发明给人们更多的时间去享受电视和收音机等东西.
Teenagers did not have to work to earn money for their families.
青少年不必为家庭赚钱。
Parents often had extra money to give to their teenagers to spend.
父母往往有额外的钱给青少年花钱。
And on what did teenagers spend their money in the 1950s?
在20世纪50年代, 青少年花费了多少钱?
That’s right—records, radios, rock ’n’ roll concerts, and movie tickets.
包括唱片、收音机、摇滚音乐会、电影票。
Teenagers also started spending money at fast-food restaurants that had recently been established.
青少年还开始在最近成立的快餐店花钱.
These restaurants became not only places to eat, but also places where teenagers spent time with their friends while listening to their favorite rock ’n’ roll hits playing on a radio or jukebox.
这些餐馆不仅成为了吃东西的地方, 也成为青少年与朋友共度时光的地方,
Little Richard performs in concert in 2004.
小理查于2004年相声演出.
a jukebox in a diner.
餐厅的点唱机
Teenagers were breaking down race barriers.
年轻人正在打破种族障碍。
Many teenagers did not care who sang rock ’n’ roll music.
许多青少年不在乎谁唱摇滚乐。
They did not look at the artists’ skin color.
他们没有看艺术家的肤色。
Black and white artists shared the stage.
黑白艺人共享舞台.
Rock ’n’ roll music helped integrate blacks and whites because it helped break down the walls of segregation.
摇滚乐帮助黑人和白人融合,
Culture The 1950s was the start of a cultural revolution.
文化 1950年代是文化大革命的起步.
For the first time, whites and blacks were listening to the same kind of music and watching the same TV shows.
白人和黑人首次收听同一种音乐并收看同名电视节目.
The two races were integrating their cultures.
这两个种族正在融合其文化。
In the 1950s, there was a growing push for civil rights.
上世纪50年代,民权的推力日益增强.
Black communities, especially under the leadership of Dr.
黑人社区,特别是在Dr.
Martin Luther King, Jr.
小马丁·路德·金.
, began to protest unfair rights.
开始抗议不公平的权利。
They fought peacefully against discrimination and segregation because many blacks could not receive the same opportunities as whites.
他们和平地反对歧视和隔离,因为许多黑人得不到与白人一样的机会.
Teenagers were protesting segregation by listening to black artists sing rock ’n’ roll.
年轻人在抗议隔离,
Dr.
医生
Martin Luther King, Jr.
小马丁·路德·金.
, leads civil rights protesters in Mississippi.
带领密西西比的民权抗议者
Rock music continues to appeal to teenagers of all races.
摇滚音乐继续吸引所有种族的青少年.
Conclusion Rock ’n’ roll music developed through the influences of several musical genres, the contributions of several musicians with various backgrounds, advances in technology, and both economic and cultural changes in society.
摇滚乐通过几个音乐流派的影响、一些背景各异的音乐家的贡献、技术的进步以及社会的经济和文化变化而发展起来。
Rock ’n’ roll emerged with a new sound that combined the backbeat drumming style with the uniqueness of the electric guitar.
Rock'n卷起一股新声音, 将后打鼓风格与电吉他的独特性结合起来。
American musicians pioneered this diverse genre that is heard around the world.
美国音乐家开创了这种世界各地流传的多样化流派.
Glossary acoustic (adj.)
词汇辅音 (adj.)
of or relating to a musical instrument that does not use an electronic device to produce sound (p.
与不使用电子装置产生声音的乐器有关(p.
12) authority (n.)
12) 权限 (n.
a person or group of people that directs what people can or cannot do (p.
一个人或一群人,指导人们能够或不能做什么(p.
6) civil rights (n.)
6)公民权利 (n.
the freedoms guaranteed by a government to its people (p.
政府保障人民享有的自由(第5页)。
19) console (n.)
19) 控制台 (n.
a cabinet that stands on the floor and holds a radio or television set (p.
(第5页)
9) contributions (n.)
9) 捐款(不详)
things or efforts given to a common goal or purpose (p.
为共同目的或宗旨付出的努力(p.
4) disc jockey (n.)
4) 盘状骑手 (n.
someone who selects, announces, and plays popular pre-recorded music, usually on the radio (p.
选择,宣布,并演奏受欢迎的预录音乐的人,通常在收音机(p.
4) discrimination (n.)
4) 歧视(n.)
unfair treatment of a group of people based on a trait of that group (p.
基于某一群体的特点对一组人的不公平待遇(p.
19) economy (n.)
19) 经济 (n.
the system of buying and selling goods in a society (p.
在社会中买卖商品的制度(p.
18) genre (n.)
18) 流派 (n.
a kind or type of art (p.
一种或类型的艺术(p.
4) gig (n.)
4) 任务(n.
a slang word used by musicians that means a scheduled performance (p.
一个由音乐家使用的口语词,指预定的表演(p.
17) hangouts (n.)
17) 挂电话 (n.
a slang word for places where people, often teenagers, spend time (p.
用来形容人们,常常是青少年,花时间的地方(p.
10) Teenage girls loved to watch Elvis Presley perform.
10) 少女喜欢看猫王Presley表演.