Brazil

美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习

Table of Contents Where Is It?

内容表在哪里?

............................... 4 People.................................... 6 Land..................................... 8 History.................................. 10 Celebrations.............................. 11 Animals................................. 12 Conclusion............................... 14 Glossary................................. 16 Where Is It?

页:1 4 人. . 6 地. 8 历史. 10 庆典. 11 动物. 12 结论。 14 词汇表. 16号在哪里?

The western half of Brazil shares a border with many smaller countries, including Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina, and Uruguay. In fact, Brazil shares a border with every other South American country except Ecuador and Chile. For many years, the city of Rio de Janeiro (REE-oh DAY zhuh-NAIR-oh), located on the eastern coast, was the capital of Brazil. In the 1950s, Brazilians decided to build a new capital city, Brasília (bruh-ZIL-yuh), near the middle of the country. Construction of the city was a giant undertaking. A huge, wild area had to be cleared, and a network of highways connecting the city with the rest of the country had to be built. A large artificial lake was part of the city plan, and it also had to be dug. Brasília became the official capital of Brazil in 1960. The city was planned to have a population of only a few hundred thousand people. However, by the early twenty-first century, a population of more than two million lived there. This increase in population created some unanticipated problems. The artificial lake became polluted, so a water treatment plant had to be created. In addition, the highway network has begun to threaten natural areas, including the Amazon rainforest. People Like so many countries, Brazil is a melting pot of different ethnic groups. About half of the Brazilian people are of European descent, mainly Portuguese (POR-chuh- geez) but also Spanish, Italian, German, and Polish. In fact, Brazil was a colony of Portugal for three hundred years, and the main language of the country is Portuguese. Other people are descended from slaves brought to the country from Africa to work on plantations and in mines. Still other people are descended from the groups of American Indians who first lived in South America. A large segment of Brazil’s population— about four out of every ten Brazilians—is of mixed ancestry. Of the more than 200 million people living in Brazil, eight out of ten live in cities, including São Paulo (SOW POW-low), the largest city in South America. Brazil’s cities have grown rapidly over the past sixty years, and with this rapid growth have come problems. Many of the poor have been forced to move onto vacant land at the edge of cities and use whatever materials they can find to build homes. São Paulo is a large industrial center.

巴西西半部与许多较小的国家接壤,包括委内瑞拉,哥伦比亚,秘鲁,玻利维亚,巴拉圭,阿根廷和乌拉圭. 事实上,除厄瓜多尔和智利外,巴西与所有其他南美国家都有边界。 多年来,位于东海岸的里约热内卢市(REE-oh DAY zhuh-Nair-oh)是巴西的首都. 1950年代,巴西人决定在该国中部附近建造一个新的首都巴西利亚(Bruh-ZIL-yuh). 城市的建设是一项巨大的事业。 一个巨大的荒野地区必须被清除,连接城市和全国其他地方的高速公路网络必须被建成. 一座大型人工湖是城市规划的一部分,也不得不开挖. 巴西利亚于1960年成为巴西的官方首都. 原计划该市人口仅数十万人. 然而,到21世纪初,有200多万人口居住在那里。 人口的增长造成了一些出乎意料的问题。 人工湖被污染,所以不得不创建水处理厂. 此外,高速公路网络开始威胁包括亚马逊雨林在内的自然区域. 人员 与许多国家一样,巴西是不同族裔群体的熔炉。 大约一半的巴西人是欧洲人后裔,主要是葡萄牙人(POR-chuh-geh),但也包括西班牙人,意大利人,德国人和波兰人. 事实上,巴西是葡萄牙的殖民地已经三百年了,该国的主要语言是葡萄牙语. 另一些人则被从非洲带到该国的奴隶带到种植园和矿场工作。 还有其他人来自最早生活在南美洲的美国印第安人群体。 巴西人口中很大一部分是混血儿。 在巴西2亿多人口中,每10人中有8人居住在城市,其中包括南美洲最大的城市圣保罗(SOW POW-low). 巴西的城市在过去60年里迅速发展,随着这种快速增长而出现了问题. 许多穷人被迫迁入城市边缘的空地,并使用他们能找到的任何材料来建造住房。 圣保罗是一个大型工业中心.

Some people in Brazil work in banking, construction, education, health care, and other service industries. Along the coast, others may work in the large hotels and restaurants found there. Away from cities, some people work in the mining and oil industries. In addition, farmers grow sugarcane and much of the world’s coffee. This plays an important role in Brazil’s agriculture industry. The agriculture industry also produces oranges and soybeans as well as pork, cattle, chicken, and lumber. Ranching in the southernmost region has a long history. Beginning as early as the 1500s, cowboys called gauchos (GOW- chohz) ran ranches and cared for cattle, sheep, and horses. Over the centuries, gauchos developed their own traditions in clothing, songs, and dances. Land Brazil is famous for the Amazon River and Amazon rainforest, both of which lie in the Amazon basin. The Amazon rainforest, the world’s largest tropical rainforest, is known as the “lungs of the planet” because its plants produce about 20 percent of the oxygen for the entire world. Highlands are found in two regions of the country. The highlands of the far north contain mountain ranges, steep cliffs, waterfalls, and deep valleys. The larger highlands in southeast Brazil contain both hills and low mountains. Modern gauchos still work on ranches in southern Brazil.

巴西的一些人在银行、建筑、教育、保健和其他服务业工作。 沿海岸,其他人可能在那里发现的大型酒店和餐馆工作. 远离城市,一些人在采矿和石油工业工作. 此外,农民还种植甘蔗和世界大部分咖啡。 这在巴西的农业中发挥着重要作用。 农业还出产橙子和大豆以及猪肉,牛,鸡和木材. 最南端地区的兰青历史悠久. 早在1500年代,被称为"GOW-chohz"(GOW-chohz)的牛仔就经营了牧场并照顾了牛,羊和马. 几个世纪以来,gauchos在服装,歌曲和舞蹈方面形成了自己的传统. 巴西地因亚马逊河和亚马逊雨林而出名,两者都位于亚马逊盆地. 亚马逊雨林是世界上最大的热带雨林,它被称为“地球的龙头”,因为它的植物为全世界生产了大约20%的氧气。 高地分布在该国的两个地区. 远北高地有山脉,陡峭的悬崖,瀑布和深谷. 巴西东南部较大的高地有丘陵和低山两种. 现代gauchos仍然在巴西南部的牧场上工作.

One of the world’s largest freshwater ecosystems, the Pantanal, is located in central Brazil. It extends for as much as 210,000 square kilometers (81,000 sq. mi.). Waters rise several meters when the rivers flood the land during the wet season (October through March) and then recede. In addition to supporting an amazing variety of life, the Pantanal protects areas downstream from flooding during the wet season. During the dry season, it continuously releases water downstream. The Pantanal also acts as a giant water treatment plant by removing pollutants. In addition, its waterways provide transportation, and the region as a whole plays an important role in Earth’s water cycle. Brazil’s coastal lowlands in the east include beautiful sandy beaches, which are some of the main attractions for tourists visiting the country. History The earliest known people who lived in Brazil were American Indians, groups of which still live in the jungles and along the banks of the Amazon River. In the early sixteenth century, Portugal claimed the area. At first, the Portuguese used the land to collect a type of wood called pau brasil (POW brah-SEEL), or brazilwood, which produced a red dye. This unique type of wood is how the colony got its name. The Portuguese forced many of the American Indians to work on huge sugarcane plantations. Later, millions of slaves were brought from Africa to work on coffee plantations and in diamond and gold mines. In fact, more African slaves were transported to Brazil than to the Caribbean and North America combined. In 1822, Brazil broke away from Portugal to become an independent country ruled by Emperor Pedro I. In 1888, slavery in Brazil ended, and in 1889, Pedro II was forced by the military to step down. For the next hundred years, dictators led the country, causing much turmoil and uprisings. In 1985, the government became a democracy. Today, Brazil faces serious challenges. Poverty and unemployment challenge its people while deforestation threatens the natural environment. Native to the Pantanal, the capybara is the world’s largest rodent.

世界上最大的淡水生态系统之一潘塔纳尔位于巴西中部. 长达21万平方千米(81,000 sq. mi.). 当河流在潮湿的季节(10月至3月)淹没了陆地后,水位上升了多米,然后退去. 潘塔纳尔号除了支持出众的多种生命外,还保护了下游地区在湿季中免受洪灾. 在干燥季节,它不断地向下游放出水. 潘塔纳尔河也通过去除污染物来起巨型水处理厂的作用. 此外,其水道提供运输,整个区域在地球的水循环中起重要作用。 巴西东部的沿海低地包括了美丽的沙地海滩,这些海滩是游客来该国旅游的一些主要取景地. 历史 最早已知的居住在巴西的人是美国印第安人,他们中的一群人仍然生活在丛林和亚马逊河沿岸. 16世纪早期,葡萄牙占有了这一地区. 起初,葡萄牙人用这片地来采集一种叫"pain brasil"(POW brah-SEEL)的木材,或作"brazilwood"(即生产出红色染料). 这种独特的木材类型是殖民地是如何取名的. 葡萄牙人强迫许多美国印第安人去大甘蔗种植园工作. 后来,数百万奴隶被从非洲带到咖啡种植园以及钻石和金矿工作。 事实上,运送到巴西的非洲奴隶比到加勒比和北美的奴隶加起来还要多。 1822年,巴西从葡萄牙分出,成为被皇帝佩德罗一世所统治的独立国家. 1888年,巴西的奴隶制结束,1889年,佩德罗二世被军方所逼下台. 在接下来的百年中,独裁者领导了国家,造成了多起动荡和起义. 1985年,政府成为民主国家. 今天,巴西面临严重挑战。 贫穷和失业对其人民构成挑战,而毁林则威胁到自然环境。 猪笼草是世界上最大的啮齿动物。

Celebrations Many holidays in Brazil are religious in nature. Most Brazilians belong to the Catholic religion, which was brought to Brazil by the Portuguese. Carnaval, a four-day celebration leading up to Lent, is the largest and most popular holiday in Brazil. During Carnaval, people crowd into Brazil’s streets for parades and dancing. Many people wear elaborate costumes with masks and headdresses. As part of year-long preparations for Carnaval, some Brazilians dance the samba in the samba schools of Rio de Janeiro. The samba was brought to Brazil by African slaves many years ago. Animals Brazil is home to the widest variety of life on Earth. The Amazon rainforest alone includes thousands of different types of insects, fish, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and mammals—from the beautiful to the dangerous. The toucan (TOO-kan) is easy to recognize from its brightly colored bill, which is almost as long as its body. Its plumage includes feathers of black, white, green, yellow, and red. Although toucans are heard all the time, they are rarely seen because they mostly stay high up in the trees. Brightly colored frogs of the Amazon rainforest are lovely to look at, but they are among the most poisonous creatures on Earth. The poison of some species is so deadly that just touching them can kill. The poison in the skin of many of these frogs comes from toxic foods that they eat. In the Amazon River, red-bellied piranhas (pi-RAH-nuhz) hunt in groups of one hundred or more. These meat-eating fish have very sharp teeth and strong jaws. Although they eat animal flesh, they rarely attack humans. Instead, they usually eat dead animals. In a building called the Sambadrome in Rio, performers sing and dance the samba on elaborate floats during Carnaval.

巴西的许多节日都是宗教性质的。 大多数巴西人属于由葡萄牙人带到巴西的天主教. 嘉年华(Carnaval),是连特之前的四天庆典,是巴西规模最大和最受欢迎的节日. 在卡纳瓦尔,人们挤入巴西的街道游行和跳舞。 许多人穿着有口罩和头饰的精心服装. 作为卡纳瓦勒长达一年的准备工作的一部分,一些巴西人在里约热内卢的桑巴学校跳桑巴. 桑巴多年前由非洲奴隶带到巴西. 巴西的动物是地球上种类最广泛的生物。 亚马逊雨林本身就包括了数千种不同类型的昆虫,鱼类,鸟类,爬行动物,两栖动物,以及哺乳动物——从美丽到危险的动物. 土豆(TOO-kan)很容易从其明亮有色的帐单中认出来,它几乎和身体一样长. 其羽毛包括黑色,白色,绿色,黄色和红色等羽毛. 虽然一直有人听到托卡人的声音,但很少见到他们,因为他们大多在树上高高地停留. 亚马逊雨林中明亮的有色青蛙是可爱的可观,但它们是地球上最有毒的生物之一. 某些物种的毒药如此致命,只要碰它们就可以杀死. 许多这些青蛙皮肤中的毒药出自它们所食用的有毒食物. 在亚马逊河中,被红腹鱼(pi-RAH-nuhz)分百个或一百个以上的群捕. 这些吃肉的鱼有非常尖的牙齿和很强的下巴. 虽然吃动物肉,但很少会攻击人类. 相反,它们通常食用已死的动物. 在里约的一座叫"Sambadrome"的建筑中,表演者在Carnaval期间会用精心的活浮来歌唱和跳舞.

The river is also home to a “shocking” snakelike fish called the electric eel. The electric eel can grow to be almost 2 meters (6 ft.) long and weigh as much as almost 22 kilograms (48 lbs.). They deliver a strong electric shock to stun prey and enemies. Other parts of Brazil, such as the Pantanal, also include fascinating animals. Storks and herons build nests in its swamps. Colorful parrots fly overhead. Giant anteaters, jaguars, and deer roam the land. Some animals in the Amazon Rainforest and the Pantanal could disappear from Earth forever because of habitat loss. As a result of deforestation, more than one fifth of the Amazon Rainforest has been destroyed and is gone forever. Many organizations are working together with the Brazilian government to save these areas. Conclusion Brazil is a colorful mix of different kinds of land, animals, and people. The Amazon River, the Amazon rainforest, and the Pantanal are all famous for hosting a variety of life. The diverse people, vibrant culture, and amazing celebrations make it a fascinating place unlike any other. giant anteater hyacinth macaws Futebol Many Brazilians enjoy watching and playing futebol (FOOT-bohl), also known as soccer.

河流还产有一条叫作"电鳗"的"震撼"蛇形鱼类. 电鳗可以长出近2米(6英尺)长并有近22公斤(48磅)的重量. 它们给被猎物和敌人带来强烈的电击. 巴西其他地区,如潘塔纳尔也包含有迷人的动物. 斯多克和赫伦斯在它的沼泽地上筑巢. 有色鹦鹉从上而上. 巨鹿、美洲虎和鹿在地上游荡 亚马逊雨林和潘塔纳尔的一些动物可能因为栖息地的丧失而永远从地球上消失. 由于森林被砍伐,超过五分之一的亚马逊雨林被摧毁并永远消失. 许多组织正同巴西政府合作来拯救这些地区。 巴西是不同类型土地、动物和人类的多彩组合。 亚马逊河,亚马逊雨林,潘塔纳尔等地都以主持各种生活而出名. 不同的人,充满活力的文化, 和惊人的庆祝活动, 使它成为一个迷人的地方 不像任何其他。 许多巴西人喜欢观看并打花球(FOOT-bohl),也叫足球.

Brazil has won the World Cup, the world’s largest soccer tournament, more than any other country.

巴西赢得了世界杯,这是世界上最大的足球锦标赛,比任何其他国家都多。

Pelé is the country’s most famous soccer player; he is known around the world.

佩莱是该国最出名的足球运动员;他在世界各地出名.

Pelé led the Brazilian team to victory in the World Cup three times—in 1958, 1962, and 1970.

佩莱曾三次带领巴西队在世界杯上取得胜利——1958年,1962年和1970年.

Population: 202,656,788 Land: 8,458,417 sq km (3,265,813 sq.

人口:202,656,788人 地:8,458,417平方公里(3,265,813平方公里).

mi.)

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