White House
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents So You Want to Be President.
内容表 所以你想当总统
4 Are You Qualified?
四,你合格吗?
5 Time to Campaign.
5 竞选时间。
9 Political Parties.
9 政党。
10 Two Campaigns.
10 二一运动.
13 Financing Your Campaign.
13 资助你的运动。
15 Election Day.
15选举日。
16 Inauguration.
16 释名.
22 Glossary.
22 词汇表。
24 So You Want to Be President So, you’ve thought it over and you want to be the leader of the United States.
24岁,你想当总统 所以,你考虑过了,你想成为美国的领导人。
Are you qualified to run?
你有资格参选吗?
What political party will you represent?
你代表哪个政党?
What type of campaign will persuade people to vote for you?
什么样的竞选会说服人们投票支持你?
And finally, how do you ultimately win on Election Day?
最后,你最终如何赢得选举日?
Think you can do it?
你能做到吗?
Let’s follow, step by step, the path you’ll take to be elected president.
让我们一步一步地遵循你当选总统的道路。
President Donald Trump signs a document in the Oval Office in 2020.
唐纳德·特朗普总统于2020年在总统办公室签署一份文件.
Are You Qualified?
你有资格吗?
You only have to meet a few easy requirements to run for the office of president!
你只需要满足一些简单的要求 竞选总统!
These rules are written in the Constitution.
这些规则被写入了宪法.
You must be thirty- five years old (uh oh—does this mean you’ll be putting off your campaign for a few years?)
这是否意味着你会推迟几年竞选?
; have been born in the United States; and have lived in the United States for fourteen years.
;生于美国;并在美国生活了14年.
In the unlikely event that you are already president, you have another consideration: how many terms have you served?
如果你已经是总统的话,你还有另一个考虑:你服过多少个任期?
If you’re elected for one four-year term, you have the option of running for a second term.
若您当选连任四年,
You can only serve two terms (eight years) total.
您只能总共服务两届(八年).
So, if you’re on your second term, it might be time to think about changing careers!
因此,如果你在第二个学期,也许是时候考虑改变职业了!
William J.
威廉·J(英语:William J.
Clinton 1993–2001 George H.
克林顿 1993-2001 乔治·H.
W.
维.
Bush 1989–1993 George W.
布什 1989-1993年 乔治·W.
Bush 2001–2009 Barack H.
布什 2001-2009年 贝拉克·H.
Obama 2009–2017 Of the four U.
奥巴马 2009-2017 四个U中.
S.
师曰.
presidents above, only George H.
总统以上,只有乔治·H.
W.
维.
Bush served for just one term.
布什只服务了一个任期。
It isn’t a requirement, but you’ll most likely want to be a politician before you run for president.
在竞选总统之前,
Voters tend to prefer presidential candidates who have proven their experience in government and with leading people.
选民往往更倾向于那些已经证明自己在政府中和与有领导才能的人打交道的经验的总统候选人.
Candidates Who Weren’t Politicians Neither Donald Trump nor Dwight D.
无论是唐纳德·特朗普还是德怀特·D,
Eisenhower were politicians before winning the presidency.
艾森豪威尔在赢得总统职位之前是政治家.
Trump had experience in business and real estate, while Eisenhower was a famous war hero.
特朗普有商业和地产方面的经验,而艾森豪威尔则是著名的战争英雄.
He commanded the Allied forces in Europe during World War II.
二战期间他在欧洲指挥了盟军.
These nonpoliticians tried unsuccessfully to become president: • Ross Perot, a Texas billionaire • Ralph Nader, a consumer advocate • Dr.
这些非政治主义者试图成为总统,但没有成功: • 得克萨斯州亿万富翁罗斯·佩罗特; 拉尔夫·纳德; 消费者代言人;
Benjamin Spock, a famous children’s doctor Eisenhower encourages Allied troops during World War II.
本杰明·斯波克(Benjamin Spock),著名儿童医生艾森豪威尔在二战期间鼓励盟军出兵.
Do you know exactly what your job will be when you’re president?
当总统时,
It’s always good to have a job description when you apply for a new job.
申请新工作时,
In a nutshell, you’ll: • Make sure the government is functioning well.
简单来说,
• Ensure the laws are being followed.
• 支助 确保法律得到遵守。
and air force.
还有空军
• Meet with leaders of other countries.
• 支助 会见他国领导人.
You say you’re up to the challenge?
你说你有能力迎接挑战?
You’ll make a good leader of the country?
你会成为这个国家的好领袖。
Good.
不错
Your next step will be persuading the voters to agree that you’re the best person for the job.
您的下一步是说服选民同意您是最佳人选。
American President Ronald Reagan (right) signs an agreement with Russian President Mikhail Gorbachev in 1987.
美国总统罗纳德·里根(右派)于1987年同俄罗斯总统米哈伊尔·戈尔巴乔夫签署协议.
Hillary Clinton Charles Curtis Barack Obama A Lack of Diversity U.
希拉里·克林顿 查尔斯·柯蒂斯·巴拉克·奥巴马 A 缺乏多样性 U.
S.
师曰.
presidents have been mostly white Protestant men, except for John F.
总统主要是白人新教徒,除了约翰·F.
Kennedy, who was Catholic, and Barack Obama, who was elected in 2008 as the first African American president.
曾为天主教徒的肯尼迪和2008年被选为首任非裔美国总统的巴拉克·奥巴马.
Most vice presidents have also been white Protestant men.
大多数副总统也是白人新教徒。
Charles Curtis, who served with Herbert Hoover, was Native American, and Joe Biden, who served with Obama, was the first Catholic vice president.
曾效力于赫伯特·胡佛的查尔斯·柯蒂斯是美国原住民,曾效力于奥巴马的乔·拜登是首位天主教副总统.
A woman has never served as president of the United States.
女性从未担任过美国总统.
In 2016, Hillary Clinton came closest when she became the first woman nominated for president by a major party.
2016年,希拉里·克林顿成为第一位被一个大党提名出任总统的女性后走得更近.
Time to Campaign!
是时候竞选了!
You’ll need to start rallying people to vote for you.
需要动员民众投票支持你。
Everything you do to get voters to prefer you to your opponent is called your campaign.
为了让选民喜欢你 而不是你的对手 你所做的一切都叫做竞选
You’ll be traveling the country, advertising, speaking, debating, getting your photograph taken, attending events, and meeting supporters.
包括广告、演讲、辩论、拍照、出席活动、会见支持者。
You’ll hold news conferences, too.
你们也会举行记者招待会。
Are you ready for the grueling schedule?
你准备好了吗?
George W.
乔治·W.
Bush greets children during one of his campaign stops in 2004.
布什在2004年的一次竞选活动停止时向孩子们问候.
Political Parties But wait a minute!
政党 不过等一下!
Before you start campaigning, you’ll need to decide which political party you’ll represent.
在开始竞选前,
A political party is a group of people with similar thoughts on how the government should be run.
一个政党是一群对政府应该如何运作有类似想法的人.
The two main parties in the United States are the Democrats and the Republicans.
美国的两个主要政党是民主党和共和党.
Democrats tend to favor a strong federal government involved in people’s lives through federal programs.
民主党人往往倾向于通过联邦方案建立一个参与人民生活的强有力的联邦政府。
Generally speaking, Republicans favor less government involvement in people’s lives, especially when it comes to money.
一般说来,共和党人赞成政府少介入人民生活,特别是在金钱方面.
There is no one “right” party or “wrong” party.
没有一个“权利”方或“错误”方。
Most Americans don’t believe everything one party stands for, so they decide by choosing the party that most closely matches their values.
多数美国人不相信一个政党所主张的一切,
The Republican Party is represented by an elephant symbol, while the Democratic Party uses a donkey symbol.
共和党由大象符号代表,而民主党则使用驴符号.
Republicans and Democrats are the major parties, but there are other political parties.
共和党和民主党是主要政党,但也有其他政党.
When someone is called a third-party candidate, it means that person is running as a representative of a party other than Republican or Democrat.
当某人被称作第三党候选人时,这意味着此人作为共和党或民主党以外的政党的代表参选.
A third-party candidate, Ralph Nader, ran for president in 2000 and 2004.
第三方候选人拉尔夫·纳德于2000年和2004年竞选总统.
It Wasn’t Always a Major Party The Republican Party started out as a third party!
它并非总是一个主要政党 共和党一开始是第三党!
The two major parties used to be the Democratic Party and the Whig Party.
两个主要政党曾经是民主党和惠格党.
The last year the Whigs had a presidential candidate was 1856.
去年,维格人有一个总统候选人,是1856年。
The Republican Party took its place with a strong anti- slavery stance.
共和党以强烈的反奴隶制立场取而代之.
Both the Republican Party and the Democratic Party have evolved into political powerhouses.
共和党和民主党都演变为政治权力机关.
William Henry Harrison, the first Whig president Okay!
威廉·亨利·哈里森,第一任威格总统 好!
Now that you’ve chosen a political party, you’ll want to hire a campaign manager.
现在你们选择了一个政党,
Your manager will draw up a plan that will map out every move of your campaign.
你的经理会想出一个计划 规划你竞选的每一步
A large staff of advisors will assist your campaign manager.
大批顾问将协助你的竞选经理
The manager is very important since a good campaign could make the difference between losing and winning.
管理者非常重要,因为良好的竞选可以使输与赢产生区别.
There are two parts to a presidential campaign.
总统竞选有两个部分。
In the first part, you work to win your party’s nomination to be its candidate for president.
在第一部分,你努力赢得你党的提名成为其总统候选人.
In the second part of your presidential campaign, you’ve won your party’s nomination and are concentrating on winning against the other parties’ candidates.
在总统竞选的后半段, 你赢得了政党的提名,
Presidential candidate Joe Biden campaigns in 2020.
2020年总统候选人乔·拜登竞选.
Two Campaigns So, in the beginning you’re campaigning in order to triumph in the primaries.
两项运动 因此,一开始你们在竞选中是为了在初选中获胜。
Primaries are local elections to choose one person to represent a political party in the general election.
初选是地方选举,选择一人代表政党参加大选.
Some states don’t hold primaries.
有些州不举行初选。
Instead, a state’s party members choose a candidate by voting at a meeting called a caucus.
相反,一个州的党员通过在名为核心小组的会议上投票选出候选人。
When the primaries and caucuses are over, each party holds a meeting known as a convention.
当初选和核心小组结束时,每个政党都举行一次称为公约的会议。
At each convention, party members, or delegates, from each state vote to choose their party’s candidate.
在每届大会上,每个州的党员或代表都会投票选择本党的候选人.
Delegates promise to vote for the candidate that wins the primary or caucus in their state.
代表们承诺将投票支持在其州赢得初级或核心小组的候选人。
When each delegation has spoken (“The great state of Oregon casts its votes for.
当每个代表团发言时 “伟大的俄勒冈州投了票。
candidate You!”
候选人 你们!”
) and the votes have been tallied, you will learn whether or not you’ve won your party’s nomination.
投票数已经统计, 你会知道自己是否赢得政党提名。
Now things really get serious.
现在事情变得很严肃
The crowd cheers at the 2016 Democratic National Convention.
群众欢呼2016年民主建国会.
As your party’s presidential nominee, you’ll now enter the second part of your campaign.
作为你们的政党的总统候选人,
Your goal is to defeat the presidential candidates from all the other parties and become the president of the United States.
你的目标是击败所有其他政党的总统候选人,并成为美国总统.
As you did before the primaries, you’ll travel the country to speak, shake hands, and debate with other parties’ candidates.
与初选前一样,
Volunteers help presidential candidate Mitt Romney (right) call voters in 2012.
志愿者在2012年帮助总统候选人米特·罗姆尼(右翼)召集选民.
Do You Know?
你知道吗?
When does your campaign actually begin?
你的竞选什么时候开始?
You will spend lots of time and effort before the primary elections.
你将在初选前花很多时间和精力
You may have actually started your campaign years before the primaries are held!
你可能已经在初选举行之前 开始了你的竞选
Many candidates spend years campaigning and then never go beyond the primaries because someone else is chosen to be their party’s nominee.
许多候选人花几年时间竞选,然后从未超越初选,因为别人被选为他们的政党提名人。
Financing Your Campaign Have you been saving your allowance?
资助你的运动 你有省钱吗?
Campaigning is expensive.
竞选是昂贵的。
In recent years, successful presidential campaigns have cost hundreds of millions of dollars.
近年来,成功的总统竞选花费了数亿美元.
That’s for a job that pays four hundred thousand dollars a year.
这是一份每年支付40万美元的工作。
Campaign advertising requires a huge hunk of cash, since one thirty-second commercial during a popular TV program can cost hundreds of thousands of dollars.
竞选广告需要一大笔现金,因为一个受欢迎的电视节目中的一32个广告可能花费数十万美元。
If you’re not a millionaire, don’t worry, you’re not out of the running.
如果你不是百万富翁,
Candidates don’t usually pay for their own campaigns.
候选人通常不为自己的竞选付费。
Instead, they rely on contributions from supporters for their campaign costs.
相反,他们依靠支持者的捐款支付竞选费用。
Whew!
呜!
What a relief!
多么宽慰!
But you should start making lots of friends now.
但你现在应该开始交很多朋友了
Candidates run TV ads to promote their policies and attack their opponents’ plans.
候选人通过电视广告宣传政策,
Election Day Presidential Election Day is held every four years on the first Tuesday following the first Monday in November.
总统选举日每四年在11月第一个星期一后的第一个星期二举行。
If you have campaigned successfully, millions of people turning out to vote will check your name on the ballot.
如果你成功竞选,数百万人参加投票,将在选票上确认你的名字。
Is It an Election Year?
是选举年吗?
Is this a presidential election year or not?
这是不是总统选举年?
There’s one easy way to remember: election years end in numbers you can divide by four (2016, 2020, 2024, and so on).
有一条容易记住的方法:选举年以数字结束,你可以除以四(2016年,2020年,2024年等).
People line up to vote at a polling place in 2016.
人们排队在2016年的一个投票站投票.
Women voters were out in force in 1922, two years after the Nineteenth Amendment passed, allowing them to vote.
1922年,即第十九修正案通过后两年,女选民退出选举,允许她们投票。
Who Can Vote?
谁能投票?
U.
吴.
S.
师曰.
citizens over the age of eighteen can vote in U.
年满18岁的公民可以在U投票。
S.
师曰.
elections.
选举。
However, throughout history, many restrictions have kept people from voting.
然而,在历史上,许多限制使得人们无法投票.
Women were not allowed to vote until 1920.
妇女直到1920年才被允许投票.
Although African American men were given the right to vote in 1870, practices such as poll taxes and literacy tests were often used to keep racial and ethnic minorities from voting.
虽然非裔美国人男子在1870年获得选举权,但民意测验税和识字测试等做法经常被用来阻止种族和族裔少数群体投票.
In 1965, the Voting Rights Act banned these practices.
1965年,"投票权法"禁止了这些做法.
Many states still have restrictions that make it difficult for all citizens to participate in elections.
许多州仍然有限制,使得所有公民都难以参加选举.
People vote by mail or in a polling place such as a church, school, or other public building.
人们通过邮件投票或在诸如教堂,学校等投票地点或其他公共建筑投票.
Each voter steps into a private booth.
每个选民都进入一个私人投票站。
Different areas use different methods for the actual vote.
不同的领域对实际投票使用不同的方法.
In some states, the voter flips a switch on a voting machine to indicate the name of their chosen candidate (you!)
在有些州,选民在投票机上翻开一个开关,以表示自己所选候选人的名字(你!).
Voters use pen or pencil to mark paper ballots in other polling places.
选民使用笔或铅笔来标记其他投票站的纸票.
Voters cast ballots in private voting booths.
选民在私人投票亭投出选票。
This all sounds straightforward, but there’s more to the system than meets the eye.
这听起来很直截了当,
The method for electing the president is called the electoral college.
总统的选举方法称为选举团.
When voters go into the booths on Election Day, their votes are called the popular vote.
当选民在选举日进入投票站时,他们的选票被称为"大众选票".
Winning the popular vote does not mean you’ve won the election.
赢得选票并不代表你赢得了选举。
In 2016, Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton won the popular vote, but Republican candidate Donald Trump won the electoral vote, making Trump president.
2016年,民主党候选人希拉里·克林顿赢得了民众选票,但共和党候选人唐纳德·特朗普赢得了选举选票,使特朗普出任总统.
In 2000, Al Gore won the popular vote, but George W.
2000年,阿尔·戈尔赢得了大众投票,但乔治·W.
Bush became president by winning the electoral vote.
布什通过赢得选举选票而出任总统.
Predicting the Winner The media, such as TV networks and newspapers, take frequent polls during the campaign to see who is the frontrunner.
预测赢家 电视网和报纸等媒体在竞选期间频繁地进行民调,以了解谁是领先者.
On Election Day, the media ask people whom they voted for as they leave polling places across the country.
在选举日,媒体问人们,他们投票支持谁,他们离开全国各地的投票站。
This method is called exit polling.
这种方法被称为退出投票.
They feed the information into a computer, which gives them an educated guess of who the winner will be.
他们把信息输入电脑, 让他们有教养地猜测谁是赢家。
After the popular vote, there’s a second election by people called electors.
在民众投票后,
Each state has a certain number of electoral votes.
每个州都有一定数量的选举票.
The number for each state equals the sum of its senators and representatives.
每个州的人数等于其参议员和代表的总和.
The more people who live in a state, the more electoral votes that state has.
生活在一州的选民越多,该州的选票就越多.
The popular vote is added up in each state.
民众投票在各州相加.
A candidate who wins the popular vote in one state also wins all the electoral votes in that state.
一个在一州赢得大众选票的候选人也赢得了该州的所有选票.
Imagine you win the popular vote in a state with 24 electoral votes.
想象一下你以24张选举票赢得了一个州的民意投票.
This means you get all 24 electoral votes for that state.
这意味着你得到 24 个选举人票 该州。
Are you confused?
你糊涂了吗?
Just try to remember that on Election Day, voters are actually voting for a candidate’s electors.
在选举日, 选民会投票选举候选人。
In order to win the presidential election, you must have the most electoral votes.
为了赢得总统选举,你必须拥有最多的选票.
When a presidential candidate knows the other side has won, the losing candidate gives a concession speech.
当总统候选人知道对方已经获胜时,败选的候选人会发表让步演说.
(Let’s hope it’s not you.)
(让我们希望不是你。 )
The speech is most often given at campaign headquarters to the people who supported the campaign.
演讲最常在竞选总部提供给支持竞选的人.
Usua l ly, the candidate thanks everyone who helped and wishes the winner luck as president.
Usua lly,候选人感谢所有帮助并祝愿获胜者成为总统的人。
Republican John Mc Cain gives his concession speech after losing to Barack Obama in 2008.
共和党人约翰·麦克坎在2008年输给巴拉克·奥巴马后发表特许演讲.
Close Calls!
关闭电话!
One vote can literally pick a winner.
一票可以选一个赢家
For example, in 1882, there was an election to the Virginia House of Representatives.
例如,1882年,弗吉尼亚州众议院进行了选举.
The votes were: Robert Mayo: 10,505 George Garrison: 10,504 Inauguration The new president has about ten weeks before taking office.
投票结果:罗伯特·马约:10,505 乔治·加里森:10,504 新总统上任前约十周.
That time is necessary for choosing a staff.
这对选择工作人员是必要的。
Presidents select carefully, picking people they trust, whom they’ve worked with or know by reputation.
总统们仔细挑选自己信任的人,
If you become president, you’ll need hundreds of staff members, including the heads of fifteen executive departments (such as the Department of Energy and the Department of Defense) who will act as your expert advisors.
包括15个行政部门(如能源部和国防部)的负责人, 他们将担任专家顾问。
You’ll also need time to move your family into the White House.
你还需要时间将家人搬入白宫。
U.
吴.
S.
师曰.
Secretary of State Hillary Clinton (left) meets with China’s President Hu Jintao in Beijing in 2012.
国务卿希拉里·克林顿(左)于2012年在北京会见中国国家主席胡锦涛.
The Kitchen Cabinet When Andrew Jackson was president (1829–1837), he often met with his administrative staff in his kitchen.
厨房内阁当安德鲁·杰克逊出任总统时(1829–1837),他经常在厨房与行政工作人员相会.
His opponents were angered by these secret meetings.
他的对手被这些秘密会议激怒了.
In a fit of name-calling, they dubbed Jackson and his advisors “the kitchen cabinet.”
他们把杰克逊和他的顾问称为“厨房柜子”。 “
The name has been used ever since.
该名称自此被使用.
January 20, after Election Day, is Inauguration Day, the day a president officially starts their four-year term.
1月20日选举日之后,
It’s a huge celebration marking the end of a tough campaign.
这场盛大的庆祝活动标志着一场艰苦运动的结束。
If you win, you’ll be participating in parades, receptions, and balls attended by thousands.
如果你赢了,你会参加游行、招待会和有数千人参加的球会。
The actual swearing-in is a solemn occasion.
真正的宣誓仪式是庄严的
You will pledge to “faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States” and promise to “preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States.”
你们将保证“忠实地执行美国总统办公室”,并承诺“保护、保护和捍卫美国宪法”。 “
Now if you are fortunate enough to be elected as the country’s most powerful leader, you will soon learn that compared to the responsibilities of the job itself, getting elected was a piece of cake.
现在,如果你有幸当选国家最有权力的领导人,你很快就会知道,与工作本身的责任相比,当选是一件小事。
Barack Obama is sworn in as president in 2009 as his wife, Michelle, looks on.
2009年巴拉克·奥巴马宣誓就任总统,