A Crafty Escape
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Introduction.
导言表。
4 Born into Slavery.
4 生为奴.
5 A Decision Fueled by Love.
5 由爱推动的决定。
6 Slavery in States and Territories, 1860.
6 《各州和领土的奴隶制》,1860年。
7 Preparing and Planning.
7 准备和规划。
8 The Great Escape Begins.
8"大逃难开始".
10 Setting Sail for Freedom.
10 设置自由之帆。
12 Across the Ocean to Safety.
12 《从海洋到安全》。
13 The Long Trip Home.
13"长途之家".
15 Glossary.
15 词汇。
16 Ellen Craft William Craft Introduction Dressing in costume as someone else can be entertaining and fun.
16 埃伦·克拉夫特·威廉克拉夫特介绍 穿成装扮成别人可以有娱乐和乐趣.
Now imagine that your life depends on how well you play that part.
现在想象一下,你的生活取决于你表现的如何。
In the nineteenth century, William and Ellen Craft did just that.
在十九世纪,威廉和埃伦·克拉夫特就这样做了.
The Crafts were two slaves who disguised themselves to escape their lives in the South.
工匠是两个伪装出逃出南方生活的奴隶.
People as Property The Crafts, like all black slaves in nineteenth-century America, were considered property.
人作为财产 克拉夫特人同19世纪美国所有的黑人奴隶一样,被认为是地产.
They were forced to do whatever work their owners wanted them to do.
他们被迫从事业主希望他们从事的工作。
As property, they had few, if any, of the rights enjoyed by white people.
作为财产,他们几乎没有白人享有的任何权利。
They could not learn to read or write.
他们无法学会读写。
They could be bought and sold.
他们可以买卖。
They also could be starved, beaten, or even killed if they angered their owners.
如果他们激怒主人,他们还可能被饿死、殴打甚至杀害。
In January 1863, President Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation, which granted freedom to many, but not all, slaves.
1863年1月,林肯总统签署"解放宣言",给予许多,但不是所有奴隶自由.
The original proclamation freed all slaves in most slaveholding states.
最初的公告释放了大多数被奴役州的奴隶.
It did not, however, pertain to Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri.
然而,它与特拉华州,马里兰州,肯塔基州,密苏里州无关.
Though these states permitted slaveholding, they never officially seceded from the Union.
虽然这些州允许拥有奴隶,但他们从未正式脱离联邦.
The slaves in those states would have to wait two more years to be free.
这些州的奴隶要等两年才能自由
Born into Slavery Like so many black people living in America during the mid-1800s, William and Ellen Craft were born into slavery.
生于"奴隶"同1800年代中期生活在美国的众多黑人一样,威廉和爱伦·克拉夫特生来就沦为了奴隶.
William, born in 1824, lived in Macon, Georgia.
威廉生于1824年,住格鲁吉亚马康.
His family was owned by a man who liked to gamble.
他的家人是一个喜欢赌博的人。
To settle his debts, the man sold off the members of William’s family, one at a time.
为了还清他的债务,这名男子把威廉的家人卖了,一次一个地卖了.
William was sold when he was sixteen years old.
威廉16岁时被卖出.
He had been apprenticing as a carpenter and was quite skilled.
他作为木匠一直很赞并很熟练。
William’s training and talent would prove to be valuable assets.
威廉的培训和才华将证明是宝贵的资产。
His new owner, a bank cashier, realized that William could provide him with a good income.
他的新老板是银行出纳,意识到威廉可以给他提供好的收入.
He permitted William to work as a cabinetmaker and earn money for him.
他允许威廉出任柜员,为他赚钱.
Ellen was two years younger than William.
埃伦比威廉小两岁.
Her mother was a slave and her father a white slaveholder.
她的母亲是奴隶,她的父亲是白人奴隶持有者.
Ellen had a light complexion, so much so that people didn’t suspect she had a slave mother.
爱伦的皮肤很浅,
At the age of eleven, Ellen was “given” to her newly married half sister to work as her servant.
11岁时,Ellen被“送给”她新婚的同父异母的姐姐做她的仆人。
Ellen moved to Macon with her half sister’s family.
爱伦与同父异母的妹妹家庭一起搬到了马康.
There, she eventually met William.
在那里,她最终遇到了威廉.
Ellen Craft William Craft A Decision Fueled by Love William and Ellen fell in love and wanted to be together, but slave marriages were complicated.
埃伦·克拉夫特·威廉·克拉夫特 A裁决 被"爱·威廉"和"爱伦"所激起的爱恋并想在一起,但奴隶婚姻很复杂.
Slaves were considered property with few of the freedoms that white people had.
奴隶被视为财产,白人几乎没有任何自由。
They needed their owners’ permission to wed.
他们的婚礼需要他们的主人的许可。
Even if permission was granted, slave couples could not live together if they had different owners.
即使允许,如果奴隶夫妇有不同的主人,他们也不能共同生活。
In 1846, Ellen and William finally received permission to marry.
1846年,埃伦和威廉最终获得了结婚许可.
For two years, they lived apart, seeing each other only occasionally.
两年来,他们分开生活,只偶尔见面.
The separation took its toll on the Crafts.
分离对工艺造成了损失。
They realized that at any moment, one of them could be sold and sent far away from the other.
他们意识到,在任何时刻,其中一个可以被卖出并被送出远离另一个.
For this reason, Ellen did not want to have children.
为此,爱伦不想生孩子.
She couldn’t bear the idea of having their child torn from them and sold.
她无法忍受将孩子撕裂并出售的想法。
Eventually, the Crafts realized that the only way they could live as a family was to escape and flee north.
最终,克拉夫特人意识到他们作为一家人的唯一生活方式是逃出并向北逃出.
Black people could live freely in the Northern states.
黑人可以在北方各州自由生活.
The big question was how the Crafts could do it without being caught.
最大的问题是 工匠们如何在不被抓住的情况下做到这一点。
Fortunately, William had a plan.
幸运的是,威廉有一个计划.
Free or Slave?
自由还是奴隶?
In 1860, there were thirty-three states in the United States.
1860年,美国共有33个州.
Slavery was legal in the fifteen Southern “slave states” and illegal in the eighteen Northern “free states.”
奴隶制在南方15个“奴隶州”是合法的,在北方18个“自由州”是非法的。 “
In the states where slavery was legal, black slaves had none of the rights of their white owners.
在奴隶制是合法的各州,黑人奴隶没有白人所有者的权利。
In free states, black people could live as free citizens.
在自由州,黑人可以作为自由公民生活.
The slave states seceded from the United States to form the Confederacy.
奴隶国从美国分出成立邦联.
After the South lost the Civil War, the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution abolished slavery in the United States, and all states became free states.
南部战败后,宪法第十三修正案废除了美国的奴隶制,所有州都成为了自由州.
Slavery in States and Territories, 1860 Free states Slave states Territories open to slavery Preparing and Planning William came up with a daring scheme that involved disguising Ellen.
1860年各州和领土的奴隶制 奴隶国领土对奴隶制开放 准备和规划威廉想出了一个大胆的计划 涉及伪装艾伦。
They would escape and travel to Pennsylvania, the nearest free state.
他们会逃出并去宾夕法尼亚州, 最近的自由州。
Because Ellen’s skin was so light, she could pass as a white person.
因为爱伦的皮肤这么轻,她可以像白人一样通过.
This would ensure that she would not be questioned while traveling north.
这将确保她在北上旅行时不会受到询问。
William could travel with her as her loyal house servant.
威廉可以和她一起旅行 作为她忠心的仆人.
They would be hiding in plain sight.
他们会躲在眼前
There was just one problem—Ellen could not travel as a woman.
只有一个问题... 埃伦不能像女人一样旅行
Women of that era did not travel alone, and they certainly didn’t travel with a male slave.
女性并非独自出行,
Doing so would have attracted unwanted attention.
这样做会引起不必要的注意。
The only way the plan would work was if Ellen traveled disguised as a man.
计划的唯一方法就是让爱伦伪装成男人出行.
Ellen was reluctant and fearful at first.
爱伦一开始很不情愿和害怕
If they were caught, the penalties would be harsh.
如果他们被抓了,惩罚将是严厉的。
They would certainly be beaten and might even be risking their lives.
他们肯定会被殴打,甚至可能冒着生命危险。
She finally agreed when William explained how her disguise would work.
她最后同意当威廉解释她的伪装会如何工作时.
The night of the escape, William would cut Ellen’s hair short.
越狱当晚,威廉会把爱伦的头发剪短.
She would wear special undergarments to hide her figure.
她会穿着特别的内衣来隐藏自己的身材.
She would also wear a bandage around her face and green spectacles to hide her beardless skin and feminine features.
她还会用绷带缠住她的脸和绿色眼镜来掩盖她无胡子的皮肤和女性特征。
To complete the disguise, Ellen would wear one arm in a sling.
为了完成伪装,爱伦会穿一只手 在一圈。
Ellen had never learned to read or write.
爱伦从未学会读写.
The sling would keep her from having to sign her name on any paperwork needed in those days to travel.
她不会在那些日子 旅行所需的任何文书上签名
The glasses, bandage, and sling would make Ellen appear sickly.
眼镜,绷带,和斯林 会让爱伦看起来很恶心。
Posing as an invalid would also explain William’s presence as a dutiful servant attending his master.
身为一名残疾人,
They could then travel without arousing suspicion.
然后,他们可以旅行而不引起怀疑。
The Crafts’ Escape Route December 21–25, 1848 Boston, Boston Liverpool, England Washington, D.
手工业者逃生路线 1848年12月21-25日 波士顿 英国利物浦波士顿 华盛顿
C.
C组
ATLANTIC OCEAN Macon, Pennsylvania Maryland North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Massachusetts December 1850 United States The Great Escape Begins The Crafts decided to make their escape on December 21, 1848.
北卡罗来纳州 南卡罗来纳州 乔治亚州 马萨诸塞州 1850年12月 克拉夫特人决定于1848年12月21日出逃.
William had been hiding money from his cabinetmaking to fund their trip.
威廉一直瞒着他做阁员的钱来资助他们的出行.
The couple asked their owners for some time off so they could spend Christmas together.
夫妇向主人请了一段时间假,以便他们可以一起过圣诞节.
It was customary for owners to grant slaves a few days off during the holidays.
通常业主在放假期间给奴隶放假几天。
The Crafts could take advantage of that time to escape and wouldn’t be missed until they were long gone.
工匠们可以趁机逃跑,
When the day arrived, William cut Ellen’s hair and helped her into her costume.
当天到来后,威廉剪了爱伦的头发并帮她穿上了服装.
They both said a prayer and went to the Macon train depot to purchase tickets to Savannah, Georgia.
他们都祷告,并去马康火车站购买去佐治亚州萨凡纳的车票.
They could not even support each other as they journeyed since travel was segregated.
由于旅行被隔离,他们甚至无法相互支持。
They boarded separate train cars and waited to begin the first leg of their trip.
他们登上单独的火车车厢,并等待起跑的第一段.
Suddenly, William noticed a familiar face on the platform.
突然,威廉注意到了平台上一个熟悉的相貌.
It was the owner of the cabinetmaking shop where William worked!
是威廉工作的柜子店的老板!
The man had a suspicion that William might be fleeing with his wife.
男子怀疑威廉可能正和妻子一起出逃.
He began walking through the train, searching for them.
他开始走过火车, 寻找他们。
William crouched down in his seat, trembling.
威廉蹲倒在他的座位上,颤抖。
Just as the man reached William’s train car, the departure bell sounded.
就在这名男子到达威廉的火车上时,出发的钟声响起.
He left, and William heaved a sigh of relief—he was safe.
他走了,而威廉却安然无恙。
Ellen, seated in another train car, had a scare of her own.
埃伦坐在另一辆火车上 自己也吓坏了
When her seatmate arrived, he turned out to be her owner’s good friend who had known Ellen for years.
她的同座到来后 他成了她主人的好朋友 艾伦多年了
Ellen sat very still and dared not speak or look up.
埃伦静静地坐着,不敢说话或抬头看.
Fortunately, her disguise was so convincing that the man greeted her without a second glance and took his seat.
所幸她伪装得如此令人信服,那名男子没有再一眼就迎接她并登上他的座位.
Ellen pretended to be deaf so she could avoid talking and giving herself away.
爱伦假装聋了,这样她可以避免说话并把自己送走.
Setting Sail for Freedom The Crafts reached Savannah safely and boarded a steamer ship for Charleston, South Carolina.
设置自由帆 克拉夫特人安全地到达了萨凡纳,并登上一艘为南卡罗莱纳州查尔斯顿的蒸汽船.
When the ship landed in Charleston, they tried to buy tickets to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
飞船降落在查尔斯顿后,他们试图购买去宾夕法尼亚州费城的机票.
However, a clerk refused to sign for the couple’s tickets despite Ellen’s apparent “injury.”
然而,一名职员拒绝签售这对夫妇的机票,尽管Ellen显然 " 受伤 " 。 “
The boat captain from their first ship happened to pass by and offered to help.
他们第一艘船的船长碰巧经过,主动提出帮助.
He vouched for the pair, and soon they were on their way north again.
他为二人担保,很快他们又回到了北上.
The Crafts had several interesting encounters on their trip.
工匠们在旅途中有过几次有趣的相会.
Ellen was scolded by other passengers for thanking her slave.
埃伦因感谢她的奴隶被其他乘客骂倒.
People didn’t acknowledge their slaves in that way.
人们没有以这种方式承认他们的奴隶。
One slave trader offered to buy William from Ellen.
一名奴隶贩子提议从埃伦手中买下威廉.
Others warned Ellen to beware of Northern abolitionists who would try to persuade her slave to escape.
其他人警告爱伦要警惕北方废奴主义者会试图说服她的奴隶逃跑.
Their final hurdle came in Baltimore, Maryland.
他们最后的障碍 到了马里兰州的巴尔的摩
Slave states that shared borders with free states had border patrols that checked for runaway slaves.
与自由州接壤的奴隶国有边界巡逻,检查出逃奴隶。
The Maryland border patrol demanded proof of slave ownership from the Crafts.
马里兰州边境巡逻队要求工匠提供奴隶所有权证明.
William and Ellen feared their quest for freedom was over.
威廉和爱伦担心他们追求自由的事业已经结束.
One officer took pity on the pair, however.
然而,一名官员对这对夫妇表示同情。
He ordered the conductor to let them board.
他命令指挥员让他们登机.
The Crafts arrived safely in Philadelphia on Christmas Day 1848.
工匠队于1848年圣诞节当天安全地抵达费城.
They found shelter in the home of an abolitionist.
他们在一个废奴主义者的家里找到了住所。
Across the Ocean to Safety For a while, life was good for the Crafts.
横跨海洋安全 有一段时间,生活对克拉夫特人来说是好的.
They learned to read and write.
他们学会了读写.
Three weeks after arriving in Philadelphia, they went on to Boston, Massachusetts.
到达费城后三周,他们继续前往马萨诸塞州的波士顿.
William began working again as a cabinetmaker, and Ellen worked as a seamstress.
威廉又开始出任柜员,爱伦出任裁缝.
Their happiness did not last, however.
然而,他们的幸福并没有持久。
In 1850, Congress passed the Fugitive Slave Act.
1850年,国会通过了"逃亡奴隶法".
The act made it a crime to harbor runaway slaves, even in free states.
这种行为使得窝藏出逃的奴隶成为了犯罪,甚至在自由州也是如此.
Law officers could receive a handsome reward for capturing and returning escaped slaves to their owners.
法律官员可以因抓获和将逃脱的奴隶还给主人而获得英俊的奖励.
The Underground Railroad How did the Crafts know where to go once they reached Philadelphia?
地下铁道 工匠们怎么知道去费城后去哪里?
A communication and travel network called the Underground Railroad steered them in the right direction.
一个叫做"地下铁道"的通讯和出行网络引导他们朝着正确的方向走.
The Underground Railroad sounds like a subway system, but it had no tracks, nor was it underground!
地下铁道听起来像地铁系统,但是它没有铁轨,也不是地铁!
It was a system of escape routes and safe houses run by people who helped runaway slaves get to freedom.
这是一种由帮助逃跑的奴隶获得自由的人经营的出逃路线和安全屋系统.
The routes ran through free Northern states all the way to Canada.
路线贯穿了自由北方各州,一路通向加拿大.
Abolitionists knew to keep an eye out for black people coming into free states from the South.
废奴主义者知道要注意黑人从南方进入自由邦。
They would guide these newcomers to safety by providing shelter, food, and directions to freedom.
他们将通过提供住所、食物和通往自由的方向,引导这些新来者走向安全。
Two bounty hunters from Georgia named Willis Hughes and John Knight arrived in Boston.
两名来自佐治亚州的赏金猎人取名威利斯·休斯(Willis Hughes)和约翰·奈特(John Knight)抵达了波士顿.
They were intent on making money by bringing the Crafts back to Georgia.
他们打算把手工业者带回格鲁吉亚赚钱。
They met with fierce resistance from the people of Boston, who knew of the Crafts’ incredible and brave journey.
他们遭遇了波士顿人民的激烈抵抗,他们知道手工业者的不可思议而勇敢的旅程。
Bostonians warned William and Ellen and harassed the bounty hunters.
波士顿人警告了威廉和埃伦,并骚扰了赏金猎人.
The terrified Crafts hid with friends while being hunted, but they could not bear to live in fear.
惊恐的工匠们在被打猎时和朋友一起躲了起来,但他们无法忍受生活在恐惧中.
In December 1850, they set out on another journey, this time to England.
1850年12月,他们又启程出行了,这次是去英国.
The Bloodhound Law In 1850, Congress passed the Fugitive Slave Act.
1850年"血狗法"被国会通过"逃亡奴隶法".
This law stated that a person who aided a runaway slave would be fined $1,000—a large sum in those days.
这项法律规定,帮助出走的奴隶的人将被罚款1 000美元 -- -- 在那些时候是一笔大笔款项。
Anyone who returned a slave to a Southern slave owner would get a reward, or bounty.
任何把奴隶还给南方奴隶主的人都会得到奖励或赏金.
The law was referred to as the Bloodhound Law because bounty hunters would use bloodhound dogs to track down fleeing runaways.
这部法律被称作"血狗法",因为赏金猎人会用血狗来追踪出逃者.
Because this was a federal law, it impacted free as well as slave states.
因为这是一项联邦法律,它既影响到奴隶国,也影响到自由邦。
Still, many antislavery officials in free states defied the law and refused to actively hunt down runaways or people who helped them.
尽管如此,许多自由邦的反奴隶制官员还是违抗了法律,拒绝积极追捕出逃者或帮助他们的人.
A poster warns African American people in Boston that they could be seized without a fair trial and enslaved because of the Fugitive Slave Act.
一张海报警告在波士顿的非裔美国人,他们可以在没有公平审判的情况下被扣押,并因"逃亡奴隶法"被奴役.
The Long Trip Home The Crafts settled in West London and had five children.
长途之家 克拉夫特人定居于西伦敦并有五个孩子.
They gave lectures against slavery throughout Great Britain.
他们在整个大不列颠地区发表反对奴隶制的演讲.
In 1860, William published a book about their harrowing tale of escape.
1860年,威廉出版了一本关于他们令人痛心的逃跑故事的书.
The Crafts became teachers, ran a boarding house, and engaged in other business ventures to support their family.
克拉夫特人成为了教师,经营了一家寄宿房,并从事了其他商业活动来养活家人.
In 1870, several years after slavery had been abolished in the United States, the Crafts returned to their homeland.
1870年,在美国废除了奴隶制几年后,克拉夫特人回到了家乡.
They settled outside Savannah, Georgia.
他们定居在佐治亚州萨凡纳外.
They purchased 1,800 acres (7.
他们购买了1800英亩(7.
3 sq km) of land with money raised from antislavery supporters and friends in the North.
从北方的反奴隶制支持者和朋友那里筹得的钱。
They also launched the Woodville Cooperative Farm School in 1873.
他们还于1873年创办了伍德维尔合作农场学校.
The school’s goal was to educate freed slaves so they could enjoy the same opportunities the Crafts had.
学校的目标是教育被释放的奴隶,使他们能够享受与手工艺人一样的机会。
Although the school was initially successful, it soon ran into money problems and closed in 1876.
虽然该校起初很成功,但很快就遇到了金钱问题,于1876年关闭.
After fleeing many miles over many years, the Crafts moved to Charleston, South Carolina.
在多年逃离多英里后,克拉夫特人搬到了南卡罗来纳州的查尔斯顿.
Charleston had been one of their destinations during their escape.
查尔斯顿在逃跑时是他们的目的地之一。
They spent their last years there together in freedom, just as they had always dreamed.
他们在自由中度过了他们最后的岁月,就像他们一直梦想的那样。
Glossary abolitionists (n.)
废除死刑者(不详)
people who fought to make slavery illegal (p.
为奴隶制非法而战的人(p.
12) bounty hunters (n.)
12) 赏金猎人 (n.
(n.)
(无)
(adj.)
(中文(简体) ).