NASCAR
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Start Your Engines.
目录启动您的引擎 。
4 Parts Leading to Victory Lane.
4个部分通往胜利巷
8 Pulling Ahead of the Pack.
8拉出包头.
13 Under the Hood.
13 在兜帽人下面。
16 Burning Rubber, Literally.
16 焚烧橡胶,字面意思是。
20 Checkered Flag.
20 被检查的旗帜。
22 Glossary.
22 词汇表。
23 Index.
23 指数。
24 Start Your Engines ZOOM!
24 启动引擎ZOOM!
The cars race by at speeds of over 200 miles per hour.
车以每小时200多英里的速度行驶
When racing in NASCAR (National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing) began in the 1940s, drivers raced regular road cars, also called stock cars, around dirt tracks.
1940年代全国股车自动赛车协会(英语:National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing)开始比赛时,车手们在土轨周围赛跑了普通的公路车,也叫股车.
Since then, NASCAR racing has evolved into a major competitive event involving superior, custom-built cars.
此后,NASCAR赛车逐渐演变为一场大型竞技赛事,涉及优秀的定制赛车.
A modern NASCAR car has four wheels, windows, an engine, and a driver’s seat, but that’s just about where its similarities to a normal road car end.
现代的NASCAR汽车有四个车轮、窗户、引擎和驾驶座,
Each component of a NASCAR car is engineered to enable it to travel at fast speeds, withstand the punishment of racing, and ensure the safety of the driver.
NASCAR车的每个部件都经过了设计,使其能以快快快的速度出行,能承受赛车的惩罚,并确保车手的安全.
NASCAR racing events occur all around the United States.
NASCAR赛车事件在美国各地发生.
Tracks vary in shape with lengths of less than a mile to as long as three miles.
轨迹形而异,长度小于一英里至三英里.
A NASCAR race may cover from 250 to 600 miles.
NASCAR竞赛可能覆盖250到600英里.
Besides moving in continual loops at speeds in excess of 200 mph, the cars race just inches from their rivals.
除了以超过200 mph的速度在连续循环中移动之外,汽车与对手的距离也只有一英寸.
As a result, a car’s strength, durability, and speed are essential to its success.
因此,一辆车的强度,耐用性和速度对于它的成功至关重要.
Each part of a NASCAR car is finely tuned to make it a top-performing vehicle.
NASCAR车厢的每个部位都经过了精细的调制,使其成为一款性能最高的车辆.
A careful balance has to be made between driver safety and speed.
必须在驾驶员安全和速度之间保持谨慎的平衡。
Strength is needed for safety, and lighter materials are constantly being invented to improve the cars.
安全需要力量,不断发明更轻的材料来改进汽车.
A modern NASCAR race car (above) and its interior (below) Martinsville Speedway in Martinsville, Virginia Gear for the drivers and cars keep races safer.
现代NASCAR赛车(上方)及其内地(下方)位于弗吉尼亚州马丁斯维尔(Martinsville Speedway)的马丁斯维尔赛车,为车手和赛车提供,使赛车保持了安全.
Parts Leading to Victory Lane Each year, NASCAR racing teams and car manufacturers introduce techniques to push performance boundaries.
通往胜利巷的零件 每年,NASCAR赛车团队和汽车制造商都采用技术来推动性能界限.
Race teams invest millions of dollars in wind tunnel testing, engine design, and car development to find the small advantages that can lead to the championship.
赛事团队投资了上百万美元进行风道测试,发动机设计,以及汽车开发,以寻找能够导致冠军的小型优势.
Gary Nelson, NASCAR Vice President of Research and Development, addresses the media in 2006.
加里·纳尔逊,纳斯卡尔 研究与发展副总裁,2006年在媒体讲话。
Safety First The inside of a NASCAR car can reach temperatures of up to 150 degrees Fahrenheit (65°C).
安全第一 NASCAR车的内侧能达到最高150华氏度(65°C)的温度.
Many materials invented by NASA for space travel protect NASCAR drivers from extreme temperatures.
美国航天局为太空旅行发明的许多材料保护了NASCAR驾驶员免受极端温度的影响.
Did you know that each NASCAR team builds a fresh car for each race?
你知道NASCAR每支队伍 都会为每场比赛造出一辆车吗?
This process can take weeks.
这一过程可能需要几周时间。
First, the frame, engine, and body are completed.
第一,架子,引擎,和车身完成.
Then, the team installs the electronics, steering, and the driver’s seat—and the car is almost ready.
然后,队伍安装了电子设备,方向盘和驾驶员的座椅,汽车也几乎准备好了.
The team then tests the car, dismantles and checks it, and rebuilds it in time for the day of the race.
队伍随后对车进行测试,拆解并检查,并及时为赛事进行重建.
Designed and built by teams of highly skilled engineers and mechanics, a NASCAR car is made up of four major components: the frame, the engine, the body, and the tires.
由高技能的工程师和机械师团队设计和建造,一款NASCAR车由四大部件组成:车架,发动机,车身和轮胎.
The frame, also called the chassis (CHAH-see), has two main functions: to protect the driver and to form the main structure of the car.
车架也叫底盘(CHAH-see),有两个主要功能:保护司机并形成车体的主要结构.
The roll cage, made from thick, rolled steel tubing, is the part of the frame that protects the driver.
卷花笼由厚而有卷的钢管所制成,是保护驾驶员的框架部分.
The rest of the frame is made using thin, rolled steel tubing so that it crumples during a crash or on impact with a wall.
其余的框架采用薄薄而卷起的钢管来制作,使其在相撞时或被墙所撞击时会弯曲.
Its purpose is to hold together the engine, body, and wheel axle, which are all attached to it.
其宗旨是将发动机,机体,和轮轴相接在一起,它们都附着在其中.
A crew works on their driver’s car in the garage at Daytona International Speedway.
在代托纳国际快车道的车库里,有一批司机乘车。
Two fabricators put together the body of a NASCAR car by welding thin, rolled pieces of sheet metal.
两个编织器通过焊接薄薄薄而卷起的被子金属来将一款NASCAR汽车的车体组合在一起.
The body shape is primed, or prepared for painting, and then the car is sanded down and given the colors of its sponsor.
车身外形被铺设出质地,或准备作画,再将车体下沙并给出其赞助人的颜色.
It is also covered with the sponsor logo, the car number, the team name, and several advertiser decals.
其上还贴有赞助商标志,车号,团队名称等多条广告商标记.
NASCAR driver Kevin Harvick takes the inside lane at the Talladega Superspeedway in Talladega, Alabama.
NASCAR车手凯文·哈维克(Kevin Harvick)在阿拉巴马州塔拉德加的塔拉德加超快道上走内道.
Pulling Ahead of the Pack Designers give NASCAR cars a shape that resembles regular road cars.
在"包装设计师"前方拉出一幅与普通道车相仿的外形.
These cars are also designed to suit different track conditions, car speeds, and changing aerodynamics, or how air flows around the car.
这些车厢的设计也是为了适应不同的轨道条件,车速,和变化中的空气动力学,或者空气如何在车厢周围流动.
The shape also fits within strict regulations from NASCAR, which gives each design team a template, or model, to make sure they stay within rules for height, width, shape, and aerodynamics.
外形也符合NASCAR的严格规定,它给每个设计团队一个模板,或模型,以确保它们在高度,宽度,外形,和空气动力学方面遵守规则.
The Dodge Charger, redesigned for NASCAR racing The 2006 Dodge Charger production car Aerodynamics is an important consideration in NASCAR racing.
为NASCAR赛车重新设计的道奇充电车 2006道奇充电车生产车体空气动力学是NASCAR赛车中一个重要的考虑因素.
Aerodynamics is the way air flows around a car and increases or decreases downforce, or the energy that pushes the car onto the track.
空气动力学是汽车周围空气流动并增减下行力的方式,或者是将汽车推入轨道的能量.
When downforce is increased, a car has more grip, which helps it maneuver around corners, but it also has more drag, which robs the car of speed.
当降压力增强时,一辆车的握力会更强,这可以帮助它在拐角处作弄活活,但也有更多的拖拽,能使快车被抢走.
Under the Hood A NASCAR engine is extremely powerful—it is a V8 engine (an engine with 8 cylinders in a “V” shape) that measures 5.
在兜帽男下面 NASCAR发动机极有威力——它是一款V8发动机(一种有8个气缸形状为"V"的发动机),可以测量出5.
87 liters (358 cubic inches) in size.
大小为87升(358立方英寸).
It can produce up to 800 brake horsepower (bhp).
它能产生多达800个制动马力(bhp).
By comparison, the average road car produces 150 bhp.
相较之下,平均公路车能产生150bhp.
The NASCAR engine sits under a hood in the front of the car, as in most road cars, in keeping with the stock car theme of the NASCAR car.
NASCAR引擎与大多数路车一样,坐落在车前的罩下,以与NASCAR车的股车主题保持一致.
The typical look of a NASCAR engine as it sits in a car’s chassis NASCAR determines the amount of downforce a car must have based on the type of track or race series.
NASCAR引擎坐在汽车底盘上时的典型外观决定了汽车根据赛道或赛跑系列类型必须拥有的降能量.
NASCAR has these regulations in car performance to ensure that the racing is exciting for the fans, safe for the drivers, and competitive for the racing teams.
NASCAR在汽车性能方面有这些规定,以确保赛车对球迷来说是令人兴奋的,对车手来说是安全的,对赛车队伍来说是具有竞争力的.
Besides regulating car body designs, NASCAR also regulates engine performance.
除了规范汽车车体设计外,NASCAR还规范了发动机性能.
For some races, restrictor plates are placed in the engine to reduce the amount of horsepower the engine can produce.
对于一些种族,限制板被放入发动机来减少发动机能产生的马力.
Turbo and fuel injection systems are not allowed in NASCAR.
Turbo和燃料注入系统在NASCAR是不允许的.
At the core of a NASCAR engine is a cast-iron block, not unlike those of engines that have been used for decades.
NASCAR发动机的核心是铸铁块,与已经使用了几十年的发动机一样.
Technology and modifications, however, have dramatically improved the performance of the modern NASCAR engine.
然而,技术和改造大大改善了现代NASCAR发动机的性能.
A modern NASCAR engine NASCAR official George Metrick examines a restrictor plate during a pre-race inspection at Talladega Superspeedway, where the plates are required by NASCAR.
现代NASCAR发动机NASCAR官方George Metrick在Talladega超快道进行赛前检查时检查了限制板,NASCAR要求检查板.
Burning Rubber, Literally NASCAR tires are made of several layers of rubber, fabric, and steel belts to increase strength.
燃烧橡胶,从字面上讲NASCAR轮胎由多层橡胶,织物和钢带所制取来增加强度.
The tires are engineered to tolerate extreme speeds and temperatures.
轮胎被设计为能容忍极端速度和温度.
They have to be incredibly strong to prevent the risk of a tire blowout.
它们必须非常强大 才能防止轮胎爆炸的危险
NASCAR tires are unlike road car tires in that they are not filled with air.
NASCAR轮胎与公路车轮胎不同,因为轮胎没有充满空气。
Instead, they are filled with nitrogen because air expands under extreme temperatures, which changes the air pressure and makes tires unstable.
相反,它们被氮气所填充,因为空气在极端温度下会膨胀,这改变了气压并使得轮胎不稳定.
Nitrogen is able to better withstand the extreme conditions of a NASCAR race and maintain tire pressure and performance.
氮能能更好地承受NASCAR比赛的极端条件并保持轮胎压力和性能.
The NASCAR engine is highly tested and finely tuned.
NASCAR发动机经过了高度测试和精细调制.
It is able to operate at 200 mph for more than three hours.
它能以200 mph的速度运行3个多小时.
The engine has to keep maximum output and run efficiently and reliably.
发动机必须保持最大输出并高效可靠地运行.
Many new and radical elements are used in these engines, and these developments may be included in road cars within a few short years.
这些发动机中使用了许多新的和激进的元素,这些开发可能在短短的几年内被纳入公路汽车中.
Mechanics replace a NASCAR engine.
机械兵取代了NASCAR发动机.
NASCAR tires are made to stick to the track, enabling the car to corner at very high speeds.
NASCAR轮胎被制成能粘入赛道,使车能以非常快的速度弯曲.
The combination of track shape, downforce, and sheer speed places a NASCAR tire under extreme stress in a race.
轨迹形状、下行力和超快的组合,使NASCAR轮胎在比赛中承受了极大的压力。
Each tire only lasts for about 150 miles.
每个轮胎仅能持续约150英里.
Since speed is essential in NASCAR racing, all four tires need to be replaced while a car is in a pit stop.
由于速度在NASCAR赛车中至关重要,所以在一辆车停站时需要更换全部四个轮胎.
This can be done in less than 15 seconds.
这可以在不到15秒内完成.
Checkered Flag Car designers are constantly looking for ways to alter a car’s aerodynamics to help with its cornering or to increase its speed.
选中的旗帜 汽车设计师不断想方设法改变汽车的空气动力学,以帮助其转向或提高速度。
Today, NASCAR cars move at incredible speeds on an asphalt track, but cars in the future of NASCAR may actually hover above the track.
今天,NASCAR汽车在沥青道上以惊人的速度行走,但未来NASCAR的汽车实际上可能会在道上徘徊.
One thing is certain, we will always be fascinated with speed and the vehicles that can get somewhere the fastest.
有一件事是肯定的,我们将永远迷上速度 和能够到达最快地方的车辆。
NASCAR driver Jeff Gordon during a pit stop at Talladega Superspeedway The checkered flag signals that a winner has crossed the finish line.
NASCAR司机杰夫·戈登在塔拉德加超快道停靠时 被检查的旗子表示一名胜利者已经越过了终点线.