Andrew Carnegie
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents A Wealthy Man.
内容表 A财富人.
4 Early Days.
4"早期日报".
5 Roots of Success.
五根圆满.
7 Civil War.
7国共内战.
9 A Tycoon Is Born.
9个大亨出世了
10 The Gospel of Wealth.
10"财富福音".
11 The Great Philanthropist.
11 大慈善家.
13 Legacy.
13 遗事.
15 Glossary.
15 词汇。
16 A Wealthy Man In 1901, Andrew Carnegie sold his steel business for $480 million.
16 A Wealty Man 在1901年,安德鲁·卡内基以4.8亿美元的价格出售了自己的钢铁业务.
The deal made Carnegie—who came to America from Scotland as a young boy with no money—one of the wealthiest men in the world.
这笔交易使卡内基成为世界上最富有的人之一,卡内基从苏格兰来到美国,是一个没有钱的少年。
What Carnegie did after selling his steel business is even more impressive, though.
卡内基卖出他的钢铁生意后所做的更令人印象深刻.
He spent the rest of his days, and most of his money, helping to improve the lives of others.
他度过了余生,以及他的大部分金钱,帮助改善他人的生活.
By the time of his death in 1919, he had given away ninety percent of his fortune.
至一九一九年逝世时,他已经献出他百分之九十的财富.
He helped build libraries all over the world and gave millions to universities in the United Kingdom and the United States.
他帮助在世界各地建造了图书馆并给英国和美国的大学上百万.
He built Carnegie Hall, one of the world’s most famous concert halls, in New York City.
他在纽约市建造了世界最出名的音乐厅之一卡内基音乐厅.
He also founded the Carnegie Institution for Science, Carnegie Mellon University, and the Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh, among many others.
他还创办了卡内基科学研究所,卡内基梅隆大学,匹兹堡卡内基博物馆等多所博物馆.
Carnegie was not just one of the richest people of all time, he was also one of history’s greatest philanthropists—someone dedicated to helping humanity.
卡内基不仅是有史以来最富有的人之一,他也是历史上最伟大的慈善家之一——一个致力于帮助人类的人。
In his words: “To try to make the world in some way better than you found it is to have a noble motive in life.”
用他的话来说:“试图以某种方式使世界变得更好,就是在生活中有一个崇高的动机。 “
Early Days Andrew Carnegie was born in the town of Dunfermline, Scotland, in 1835.
早日安德鲁·卡内基于1835年生于苏格兰敦弗姆林镇.
His family first lived in a cottage with only one main room.
他的家人最初住在一间小屋里,只有一个主房。
That room served as a living room, dining room, and bedroom.
那个房间是客厅、餐厅和卧室。
His father was a hand-loom weaver, but employment became scarce during the Industrial Revolution, when factories began to take over many of the jobs that once were done by workers at home.
他的父亲是个手织工,但在工业革命期间,就业变得很少,当时工厂开始接管许多曾经由工人在家完成的工作.
To make ends meet, Carnegie’s mother, Margaret, opened a small food shop and also earned money making shoes.
为了维持生计,卡内基的母亲玛格丽特开了一家小食品店,还挣取了制鞋的钱.
Margaret’s sisters had moved to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in the United States.
玛格丽特的姐妹们搬到了美国宾夕法尼亚州的匹兹堡.
Hoping to offer better opportunities to her two sons, she wrote to them, asking for advice.
为了给两个儿子提供更好的机会,她写信给他们,征求他们的意见。
They encouraged the Carnegies to emigrate to Pittsburgh, where there would be relatives and friends to help them.
他们鼓励卡内基人移民到匹兹堡,那里会有亲友帮助他们.
Smoke from factories already clouds the skies over Dunfermline, Scotland, in this illustration drawn in 1850.
在1850年绘制的这个插图中,工厂的烟雾已经笼罩了苏格兰敦弗姆林的天空。
In 1848, Carnegie’s parents sold everything they had to buy passage to the United States.
1848年,卡内基的父母将购买通道所必须的一切卖给了美国.
Andrew, then aged twelve, and his parents and younger brother moved to Allegheny, a suburb of Pittsburgh.
安德鲁后年仅12岁,他的父母和弟弟也搬到匹兹堡郊区阿列根尼.
At the age of thirteen, Andrew went to work in a cotton factory as a bobbin boy, changing spools of thread in the machines.
13岁时,安德鲁去一家棉花厂做"bibbin"男孩,在机器中更换了接线池.
He worked twelve hours a day, six days a week, and earned $1.
他每天工作12小时,每周工作6天,挣一美元。
20 a week.
每周二十个
Child Labor In 1820, more than 40% of the workers employed in at least three New England states were children.
童工 1820年,在至少三个新英格兰州就业的工人中,超过40%是儿童.
Children as young as ten—and sometimes even younger—were expected to work long hours in dangerous conditions to help support their families.
年仅10岁的儿童——有时甚至更年轻——预计会在危险的条件下长时间工作,以帮助养活家人。
Factory owners liked to hire children because they could pay them less than adults.
工厂业主喜欢雇用儿童,因为他们可以比成年人支付更少的费用。
There was little risk of children forming unions or demanding better pay.
儿童组成工会或要求提高工资的风险很小。
Once they entered the workforce, they usually received no further schooling.
一旦他们进入劳动力队伍,他们通常不会接受进一步教育。
In 1848, Pennsylvania became the first state to set a minimum age of twelve for working in factories.
1848年,宾夕法尼亚州成为第一个规定工厂工作最低年龄为十二岁的州.
Its location on the Ohio River made Pittsburgh a booming center of industry when the Carnegies moved nearby in 1848.
其地处俄亥俄河畔使匹兹堡成为工业繁荣的中心,1848年卡内基人搬到附近.
Roots of Success The following year, Carnegie got a job as a messenger boy in a telegraph office.
成功的根源 次年,卡内基在电报局获得信使生涯.
The pay was $2.
薪水为2美元。
50 a week.
一周50块
He paid close attention to his work, learning how to use the equipment and memorizing the location of local businesses.
他密切关注他的工作,学习如何使用设备并回忆当地企业的位置.
Within a year, he was promoted to telegraph operator.
一年内被提拔为电报员.
Working full-time meant that Andrew could no longer attend school, but he still loved to read.
全职工作意味着安德鲁不能再上学了,但他仍然喜欢读书.
A local man named Colonel James Anderson allowed working boys to borrow books from his personal library.
一个名叫詹姆斯·安德森上校的当地人允许工作男孩从他的个人图书馆借取书籍.
Carnegie was grateful, and decided that if he ever became rich, he would make sure other poor boys received the same opportunity.
卡内基感激不尽,决定一旦发财,他就会确保其他贫穷男孩获得同样的机会.
A boy working in a telegraph office collects a message that’s just come over the wire.
一个在电报办公室工作的男孩收集到一条消息,
In 1853, when he was around eighteen, Carnegie was offered a job by Thomas Scott of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company.
1853年,他18岁左右时,卡内基被宾夕法尼亚铁路公司的托马斯·斯科特提供一份工作.
The railroad industry was booming, and Carnegie gained as much knowledge as he could.
铁路工业正在蓬勃发展,卡内基获得了他所能得到的尽可能多的知识.
By twenty-four, he was promoted to superintendent.
至二十四年被升为监事.
With Scott’s help, he learned important lessons about business management and how to keep costs down.
在斯科特的帮助下,他吸取了有关商业管理和如何降低成本的重要教训.
He also made his first investments in companies connected to the railroads, and later invested in oil.
他还对连接铁路的公司进行了第一次投资,后来又投资了石油.
Carnegie was soon earning far more from these investments than from his salary.
卡内基很快从这些投资中获利远多于他的工资.
Through his work with the railroad company he also made connections with other influential businessmen who would help him throughout his career.
通过他在铁路公司的工作,他还与其他有影响力的商人建立了联系,他们将帮助他整个职业生涯。
Carnegie’s employer, Thomas Scott, worked his way up in the railroad business to become president of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company.
卡内基的雇主托马斯·斯科特(Thomas Scott)在铁路业上努力出道,出任宾夕法尼亚铁路公司总裁.
Civil War When the Civil War broke out in 1861, Carnegie was drafted into the Union Army.
内战时期 1861年战争爆发,卡内基被征入联合军.
Rather than fight, he paid another man $850 to report for duty in his place.
与其打架,他还给另一个人850美元,替他报到。
This was a legal, though controversial, practice at the time.
这在当时是一种法律上的做法,尽管有争议.
Carnegie’s boss, Thomas Scott, was appointed Assistant Secretary of War and employed Carnegie in the war department.
卡内基的上司托马斯·斯科特被任命为战争部长助理并受雇于战争部的卡内基.
Carnegie helped keep the telegraph service and railways running on the Union side.
卡内基帮助维持了电报服务和铁路在联盟一侧运行.
He also became aware of the huge demand for materials to build weapons, armor, and buildings.
他也开始意识到对材料的巨大需求来制造武器,装甲,和建筑物.
As the war drew to an end, Carnegie began switching his business interests from the railroads to iron and steel.
随着战争的结束,卡内基开始将自己的商业利益从铁路转为钢铁.
These industries were where his real fortune would be made.
这些行业是他真正发财的地方
Men rioted in New York City in July 1863 to protest being forced to join the army.
1863年7月,男子在纽约市暴动以抗议被强迫参军.
Wealthy people could afford to pay others to fight in their place.
富人可以支付他人代为出战的费用.
A Tycoon Is Born Piece by piece, Carnegie expanded his iron business, forming the Keystone Bridge Works in 1865.
大亨诞生了 逐块地,卡内基扩展了自己的铁业,于1865年组成了"克通桥工程".
Iron was widely used in railways, bridges, and buildings, as well as in weapons and tools.
铁被广泛用于铁路,桥梁,建筑以及武器和工具.
Steel, an alloy (mixture) of iron and other metals, is harder and stronger than iron alone, but it was expensive and time-consuming to produce.
钢铁是铁等金属的合金(混合物),单是铁本身就更难,更强壮,但生产成本昂贵并耗时.
In the 1850s, a faster, cheaper way of making steel out of pig iron (raw iron) was invented.
1850年代,发明了一种更快,更便宜的用生猪铁(raw irron)做钢的方法.
Carnegie used this new method in his first steel plant, which opened in Braddock, Pennsylvania, in 1875.
卡内基在他于1875年在宾夕法尼亚州的布洛克(Braddock)开通的第一家钢铁厂中使用了这种新方法.
The plant was named the Edgar Thomson Works, after the president of the Pennsylvania Railroad.
该厂被以宾夕法尼亚铁路总裁的名字命名为"埃德加·汤姆森工程".
Within two decades, Carnegie controlled a large percentage of the world’s steel market.
在二十年内,卡内基控制了世界钢铁市场的一大部分.
One of the keys to Carnegie’s success was owning every part of the steel-making business.
卡内基成功的关键之一是拥有炼钢业的每一部分。
He bought mines that produced iron ore, and coal mines to power the factories.
他购买了生产铁矿石的矿山,煤矿为工厂提供动力.
He owned railroads and ships that could transport both the raw materials used in his mills and the finished goods that they produced.
他拥有铁路和船只,既可以运输他所制造的磨坊所用的原材料,又可以运输他们生产的成品。
This allowed him to cut costs and increase profits, and made it very difficult for other companies to compete.
这使得他得以削减成本并增加利润,并使得其他公司很难竞争.
The Gospel of Wealth As Carnegie grew older, his focus began to change.
随着卡内基年龄的增长,"财富福音"的重心开始发生变化.
In 1886, he married Louise Whitfield, who was twenty-one years his junior.
1886年他与路易丝·惠特菲尔德(Louise Whitfield)结婚,后者是他的21岁少年.
They would go on to have one child, Margaret.
他们会有一个孩子,玛格丽特。
Andrew and Louise divided their time between New York City and Skibo Castle, their home in Scotland.
安德鲁和路易丝将时间分给纽约市和苏格兰的故乡斯基博城堡.
Now in his fifties, Andrew Carnegie was the most powerful figure in the steel industry, earning millions every year.
现在,在他五十多岁的时候,安德鲁·卡内基是钢铁工业中最有实力的人物,每年赚取上百万.
Yet, his interests ranged far beyond business.
然而,他的利益远远超出业务范围。
He wrote books and magazine articles on a wide range of subjects, from travel to politics.
他撰写了从出行到政治等广泛主题的书籍和杂志文章.
Like many wealthy businessmen of his time, he donated to charities.
和他时代的许多富商一样,他向慈善机构捐款.
Still, Carnegie was determined to take the concept of giving back much further.
尽管如此,卡内基还是决心把还本付息的概念再进一步。
Andrew and Louise Carnegie met while riding horses in Central Park in Manhattan.
安德鲁和路易丝·卡内基在曼哈顿中央公园骑马时相遇.
They married six years later.
他们六年后结婚.
In 1889, Carnegie wrote an essay, “The Gospel of Wealth,” which explored the idea that rich people should not spend a lot of money on themselves.
1889年,卡内基写了一篇散文"财富福音",探讨了富人不应该把自己花很多钱的想法.
Instead, it was their duty to give away their fortunes to improve society.
相反,他们有责任交出财富来改善社会。
In his words, “The man who dies thus rich, dies disgraced.”
" 用他的话来说, " 如此富有而死去的人会丢脸地死去。 “
As a boy, Carnegie had attended Dunfermline’s Free School—founded by the Scottish judge and philanthropist Adam Rolland.
卡内基小时候就读于由苏格兰法官和慈善家亚当·罗兰德创办的邓弗姆林自由学校。
This experience may have strengthened his belief that one of the best ways to improve others’ lives was through education.
这一经验可能加强了他的看法,即改善他人生活的最佳途径之一是教育。
Carnegie felt that educating people so that they could become more independent and productive was the key to improving the world.
卡内基认为,教育人民使他们更加独立和有生产力是改善世界的关键。
Carnegie wrote many books and essays about business and wealth.
卡内基写了许多关于商业和财富的书籍和散文.
The Great Philanthropist After selling Carnegie Steel to J.
伟大的慈善家 在将卡内基钢铁卖给了J后.
P.
P（姓名首字母）。
Morgan in 1901, Carnegie retired and devoted himself to philanthropy.
1901年摩根,卡内基退休并致力于慈善事业.