Worth?
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Water, Water Everywhere.
内容表:水,无所不在。
4 A Drop in the Bucket.
4 滴入弹匣。
5 Pollution’s Impact.
5 污染的影响。
7 Population’s Impact.
7 《人口影响》。
9 The Impact of Climate Change.
9 气候变化的影响。
11 Solving the Problem.
11 解决问题。
14 Glossary.
14 词汇表。
16 Water, Water Everywhere Many of us around the world take water for granted.
16 水,无所不在 我们世界各地许多人理所当然地把水当做理所当然。
Why shouldn’t we, when water is all around?
为什么我们不应该,
It comes out of our faucets and collects in puddles on the sidewalk when it rains.
它从我们的水管里出来 下雨时在人行道上的水坑里收集
Lakes and rivers brim with water.
湖泊和河流被水所淹没
We buy water in bottles and slurp it from drinking fountains.
我们用瓶子买水,然后从喝的喷泉中取出
In fact, if we had a drinking glass as big as the United States and filled it with every drop of water on the planet, the glass would have to be 145 kilometers (90 mi.)
事实上,如果我们有一个像美国一样大的酒杯,并充满了地球上的每一滴水,玻璃就必须是145公里(90米.
tall to hold it all.
高高高地保持这一切。
With so much water, you’ d think everyone would have enough to drink.
喝这么多水,
Not so!
没有!
A summer rain can mean fun in many places.
夏雨可以指: 许多地方的取乐.
In others, it can mean survival.
在另一些情况下,它可以指生存.
A Drop in the Bucket Water is fast becoming more precious than gold or oil.
水桶里的一滴水 变得比黄金或石油更珍贵
The planet simply does not have enough usable water for everyone.
地球根本没有足够的可用水供每个人使用。
For one thing, most of Earth’s water is salt water, which we can’t drink or use to water our crops.
地球大部分的水都是盐水,
Only about 3 percent of Earth’s water is fresh.
地球只有3%的水是淡水。
Most of that is locked away in polar ice caps, glaciers, or underground layers of rock called aquifers.
其中大部分被锁在极地冰盖、冰川或地下地层中,称为含水层。
Earth’s water Freshwater Fresh surface water Oceans (salt water) 97% Groundwater* 30.
淡水 淡水 地表水 海洋(盐水) 97%的地下水* 30.
1% Ice caps and glaciers 68.
1%的冰盖和冰川 68.
7% Lakes 87% Swamps 11% Rivers 2% Where’s the Water?
7% 湖泊 87% 沼泽 11% 河流 2%的水在哪里?
Freshwater 3% Surface water 0.
淡水 3% 零点。
3% *Groundwater provides 25% to 40% of the world's drinking water.
* 地下水提供了全世界25%至40%的饮用水。
It provides even more water for growing food.
它为种植食物提供了更多的水.
However, groundwater supplies are shrinking.
然而,地下水供应正在减少。
Some countries have more freshwater than others, but most have enough water to meet people’s needs.
一些国家的淡水比其他国家多,但大多数国家都有足够的水来满足人民的需要。
What they don’t always have is the means to make that water available to people.
他们并不总是有办法让人民获得水。
Rich countries can tap into hard-to-get sources of water much more easily than poor countries, where people often don’t have enough money to dig wells or build dams to create reservoirs.
富裕国家比贫穷国家更容易利用难以获取的水源,
Today, we humans can only reach and use 1 percent of Earth’s freshwater.
今天,我们人类只能到达和使用地球1%的淡水。
That 1 percent is under stress due to three underlying problems: pollution, increased demand driven by the world’s ever-growing population, and climate change.
这1%的压力来自三个根本问题:污染、世界人口增长驱动的需求增加以及气候变化。
In India, young girls collect water from a hole dug in the ground.
在印度,年轻女孩从地上挖出的一个洞取水.
Pollution’s Impact Water pollution is a huge problem on many continents.
污染的影响 水污染是许多大陆上一个巨大的问题.
South America’s Amazon rainforest spans 7 million square kilometers (2.
南美洲亚马逊雨林面积为700万平方千米(2.
7 million sq.
七百万块
mi.)
(中文(简体) ).
and is home to about 10 million people and more than 30,000 plant species.
并拥有约一千万人口和三万多植物物种。
For years, people have been dumping untreated human waste and toxic chemicals into the Amazon River.
多年来,人们一直将未经处理的人类废物和有毒化学品倒入亚马逊河.
Drilling for oil and mining for gold have made some sections of the Amazon River toxic.
钻取石油和开采黄金使得亚马逊河的一些地段有毒.
Canoes sit in a part of the Amazon River thick with trash.
独木舟坐落于亚马逊河一带有垃圾堆.
In other poor areas where freshwater often goes untreated, pollution makes people sick in other ways.
在淡水往往得不到处理的其他贫困地区,污染使人们以其他方式生病。
Because people lack running water, they dump human waste outside their houses.
由于人们缺乏自来水,他们把人类的废物倒到自己家门外.
That waste, filled with bacteria, then flows into rivers and streams.
废物充满了细菌,然后流入了河流和溪流。
People use the water in these toxic waterways for drinking, cooking, and bathing.
人们利用这些有毒水道中的水来饮用,烹饪和洗澡.
According to the United Nations Development Program, half the world’s hospital beds contain patients sick from drinking unclean water.
根据联合国开发计划署的资料,世界上有一半的医院病床有因饮用不干净的水而生病的病人。
In Haiti, one of the poorest countries in the world, seven out of ten people do not have clean water to drink.
在世界上最贫穷国家之一的海地,每10人中有7人没有清洁饮水可饮。
Each year, unclean drinking water causes more than half the deaths in Haiti.
每年,不清洁的饮用水在海地造成一半以上的死亡。
A huge earthquake in 2010 damaged wells and water pipes there, making clean water even more scarce.
2010年的一场大地震损坏了那里的水井和水管,使干净的水更加稀缺.
Many children and adults must walk miles to find clean water to drink.
许多儿童和成年人必须走几英里去寻找干净的水来喝.
Where the Water Isn’t Safe Source: UNICEF/UN 2012 joint report Ethiopia 46 Indonesia 36 Democratic Republic of the Congo 36 Bangladesh 28 United Republic of Tanzania 21 Sudan 18 Kenya 17 Around the globe, millions of people lack access to safe drinking water— 783 million in all.
" 水源不安全的地方 " :儿童基金会/联合国2012年联合报告:埃塞俄比亚 46 印度尼西亚 36 刚果民主共和国 36 孟加拉国 28 坦桑尼亚联合共和国 21 苏丹 18 肯尼亚 17 在全球各地,数百万人缺乏安全饮用水——总共7.83亿。
Population’s Impact In 2011, the human species hit a milestone.
人口影响 2011年,人类被打入了里程碑.
On October 30, a baby girl was born in the Philippines: the world’s 7 billionth person.
10月30日,菲律宾出生一女婴:世界第70亿人.
By the time she turns 40, experts say that 9 billion people will be walking the planet, each looking for food, energy, land, and water.
到了她40岁时,专家们说,90亿人将走遍地球,每人寻找食物,能源,土地和水.
Growing populations reduce the amount of water available for each person.
越来越多的人口减少了每个人可获得的水量。
Fifty years ago, the 2.
50年前的2号
5 billion people on Earth only used a third of the freshwater that we use today.
地球上50亿人只用了我们今天使用的三分之一的淡水。
Now, research shows that more than 1.
现在,研究表明,超过1。
1 billion people—1 in every 6 people in the world—don’t have enough clean water to drink.
世界上每6人就有10亿人喝不到干净的水。
They live on less than 8 liters (2 gal.)
他们靠不到8升(2个女孩)生活。
a day.
一天时间。
Experts say that by 2035, 3.
专家说,到2035年,3.
6 billion people will be living in areas where water is scarce.
60亿人将生活在缺水地区。
Wealthy, more developed countries are far less likely to face polluted drinking water than poor countries, but some face surging populations.
较富裕、较发达的国家比贫穷国家面临受污染的饮用水的可能性要小得多,但有些国家面临人口激增的问题。
This can lead to water shortages, in part because people in wealthy countries use more water.
这可能导致缺水,部分原因是富裕国家的人使用更多的水。
Average Water Use: Americans vs.
平均用水量:美国人对美国
Others Compare daily water use between Americans (left) and many poor people around the world (above).
对比美国(左)和世界各地许多穷人(上)之间的日常用水.
In the United States, a four-person family, on average, uses 1,514 liters (400 gal.)
在美国,一个四人家庭平均使用1,514升(400 gal.
of water a day, about 379 liters (100 gal.)
每天大约379升(100个女孩)的水。
per person.
每个人。
This level of use could last if only a few people were using the water.
如果只有少数人使用水,这种使用水平可以持续。
Instead, more and more people rely on limited water sources.
相反,越来越多的人依赖有限的水源。
For example, the Los Angeles area’s population is expected to reach 41 million by 2020.
例如,预计到2020年洛杉矶地区的人口将达到4100万.
Yet the area can only support 1 million people on its own water.
然而,该地区只能靠自己的水养活100万人。
Instead, Los Angeles—and many other cities in the western United States—pull their water from distant rivers.
相反,洛杉矶——以及美国西部许多其他城市——从遥远的河流取出水来。
That river water is running out, owing to growing populations.
由于人口不断增加,河水已枯竭。
and to climate change.
和气候变化。
The Impact of Climate Change Many scientists think climate change is already affecting people around the world by producing extreme weather conditions such as storms and floods.
许多科学家认为,气候变化已经通过产生暴风雨和洪水等极端天气条件而影响到全世界人民。
Yet the threat that climate change presents to the global water supply may be the worst threat of all.
然而,气候变化对全球供水构成的威胁可能是所有人面临的最严重威胁。
Scientists predict that by 2050, one-fifth of the world’s population may face severe water shortages as a result of climate change.
科学家预测,到2050年,五分之一的世界人口可能由于气候变化而面临严重的缺水.
Climate change results from too much carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
气候变化是大气中二氧化碳和其他温室气体过多造成的。
These gases, produced in large part by the burning of fossil fuels, trap the Sun’s heat close to Earth’s surface, much like a greenhouse.
这些气体主要是由化石燃料燃烧产生的,它们将太阳的热量困在地表附近,很像一个温室。
The result is an overall increase in Earth’s temperature.
结果是地球温度全面上升。
That warming, in turn, leads to climate change.
这种变暖反过来又导致气候变化。
The warmer temperatures disrupt the water cycle, which is a delicate balance between evaporation and precipitation.
更温暖的温度会扰乱水循环,这是蒸发和降水之间的微妙平衡.
Warmer temperatures increase the rate of surface water evaporation into the atmosphere.
温暖的温度会提高地表水蒸发入大气层的速度.
That, in turn, affects different parts of the world in different ways.
这反过来又以不同的方式影响到世界不同地区。
Increased evaporation might dry out some areas while producing droughts in other areas.
蒸发量的增加可能会使一些地区干涸而使其他地区发生干旱。
A drought is a long period of lower-than-normal precipitation that results in a shortage of water.
干旱是长期降水量低于正常,导致缺水.
Regions at the highest risk of drought include the Mediterranean and the Middle East.
干旱风险最高的区域包括地中海和中东。
In the United States, most scientists say that climate change is responsible for an extreme drought in the Southwest and California.
在美国,大多数科学家表示,气候变化是西南和加利福尼亚州极端干旱的原因.
The drought in the Southwest has been causing problems in the region since 1999.
自1999年以来,西南地区的干旱一直在该地区造成问题。
The water level of Lake Mead, on the border between Nevada and Arizona, has dropped 37 meters (120 ft.)
内华达州与亚利桑那州接壤的米德湖水位已下行37米(120英尺).
in that time.
在那个时候。
The lake, which is fed by the Colorado River, is a source of freshwater for 22 million people.
以科罗拉多河为食的湖是2200万人的淡水来源.
If rains don’t increase soon, odds are good that desert residents will have to start rationing water.
沙漠居民必须开始给水配给。
A River Runs Dry More than 30 million people depend on the Colorado River.
A River Runs Dry 有超过3000万人依赖于科罗拉多河.
It now trickles to an end before it can reach the sea.
它现在在到达海面前 逐渐消失
Scientists say climate change is also responsible for the melting of glaciers high in the Himalayan Mountains.
科学家说,气候变化也是喜马拉雅山脉高地冰川融化的原因.
The glaciers help provide freshwater for 1.
冰川帮助为一提供淡水.
5 billion people living in India, Pakistan, and six other Asian countries.
生活在印度,巴基斯坦等6个亚洲国家的50亿人.
In the past, the melting glaciers slowly released water into the rivers below.
过去,融化的冰川缓慢地将水排入下游的河流.
Now the glaciers are melting rapidly, and the long-term water supply is shrinking.
现在冰川正在迅速融化,而长期的供水正在收缩.
At the same time, the increased melting has caused severe flooding along these rivers.
同时,熔化程度的提高也造成了这些河流沿线的严重洪灾.
As climate change worsens, less water is available for ranching, growing crops, and producing energy.
随着气候变化的恶化,用于牧场、种植作物和生产能源的水减少。
Nature and wildlife suffer.
自然和野生生物受苦受难.
Arguments break out between cities, states, and even countries over who has a better right to the same source of water.
城市、州、甚至国家之间就谁对同一个水源有更好的权利提出争论。
For instance, Pakistan and India are in a race to build dams on the headwaters of the same river.
例如,巴基斯坦和印度竞相在同一条河头水上建造水坝。
Tensions between the two countries run high, and the growing water crisis hasn’t helped.
两国关系紧张,
A boy fishes in the Daning River, one of many rivers fed by the Himalayas.
一个男孩在达宁河中捕鱼,是喜马拉雅山脉所养活的多条河流之一.
Solving the Problem So what can we do?
解决问题 我们能做什么?
Each person’s efforts to conserve water can help.
每个人的节水努力都会有所帮助。
States can conserve, too.
各国也可以养护。
In 2013, faced with California’s driest year on record, the governor called for people to use 20 percent less water.
2013年,面对加利福尼亚州最干燥的一年,州长呼吁人们用水量减少20%。
Countries need to find solutions, too.
各国也需要找到解决办法。
Workers in Saudi Arabia are converting salt water to freshwater in a process called desalination.
沙特阿拉伯工人正在将盐水转化为淡水,这一过程称为海水淡化。
The process is expensive, though, and many countries cannot afford to build desalination plants.
但是,这一过程很昂贵,许多国家无力建造海水淡化厂。
brushing your teeth.
刷出你的牙齿。
to linger).
以示弃绝。
washing the family car.
清洗家用车。
water for plants.
植物用水。
• Fix leaks and drips.
• 支助 修取出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出入出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出
amount of potatoes).
数量).
of new stuff.
新的东西。
What Can You Do?
你能怎么办?
The island of Singapore has experimented with cleaning wastewater that comes from washing dishes, flushing toilets, and taking baths and showers.
新加坡岛曾尝试过清洗来自洗碗,冲洗厕所,以及洗澡和淋浴的废水.
Some other countries do this, too, but Singapore obtains one-third of its water this way.
其他一些国家也这样做,但新加坡通过这种方式获得三分之一的水.
While cities are growing rapidly, agriculture uses about 70 percent of the world’s water.
在城市快速增长的同时,农业使用世界70%的水。
Some farmers and ranchers are trying to use water in more efficient ways.
一些农民和牧场主试图以更有效的方式使用水.
The water saved could go to cities instead.
省去的水可以流向城市。
Solving the planet’s water problem is hard.
解决地球的水问题很困难。
Still, we all need to find ways to conserve this valuable resource, not just for our generation, but for the ones yet to come.
然而,我们都需要找到办法,不仅为我们这一代人,而且为尚未到来的一代人保护这一宝贵资源。