Atmosphere
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Introduction.
导言表。
4 Earth’s Atmosphere.
4 地球大气层。
5 The Ozone Layer.
5 臭氧层。
6 Discovery of the Ozone Hole.
6臭氧洞发现.
10 Chemical Causes of the Ozone Hole.
10 臭氧层的化学原因。
12 The World Responds.
12"世界回应".
14 Global Warming.
14 《全球变暖》。
15 Greenhouse Gases.
15 温室气体。
17 World Debate.
17 世界辩论。
19 What You Can Do to Help.
19,你能做的帮助。
21 Conclusion.
21 结论。
22 Glossary.
22 词汇表。
23 Index.
23 指数。
24 Introduction There is a protective blanket around Earth called the atmosphere.
导言 地球周围有被保护的被子 叫做大气层
The atmosphere is a mixture of many gases.
大气层是多种气体的混合物.
The three most important are nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide.
最重要的三个是氮、氧和二氧化碳。
Living things need these gases in order to survive.
活物需要这些气体才能活下来.
Earth’s atmosphere filters out the Sun’s harmful rays and prevents heat from escaping too rapidly into space.
地球的大气层会过滤出太阳的有害射线,防止高温过快逃入太空.
Living things on Earth survive within a narrow range of conditions.
地球上活生生的东西在狭窄的条件下生存.
All living things need the right amount of gases, the right range of temperature, and the right balance of sunlight.
所有活物都需要正确的气体量,正确的温度范围,以及正确的阳光平衡.
The atmosphere helps to maintain proper conditions for life on Earth.
大气层有助于维持地球上生命的适当条件。
The Ozone Layer Ozone is a special form of oxygen gas.
臭氧层臭氧是一种特殊的氧气形式.
Different amounts of ozone are found in each of the five layers of Earth’s atmosphere.
地球五层大气中的每一层都有不同数量的臭氧。
A lot of ozone is in the upper part of the stratosphere, so it is considered a sublayer called the ozone layer.
很多臭氧位于平流层上部,因此被认为是一个叫"臭氧层"的子层.
This sublayer, which absorbs harmful ultraviolet rays from the Sun, is called “good ozone” because it protects us.
这个从太阳吸收有害紫外线的子层被称为"好臭氧",因为它保护了我们.
Earth’s Atmosphere Earth’s atmosphere is divided into five layers.
地球的大气层分为五层.
As you move up through the layers, conditions change.
当你通过地层向上移动时,条件就会改变.
The atmosphere gets colder and thinner as you move away from Earth’s surface.
当你远离地表时,大气层会变冷变薄。
The closest layer to the ground is the troposphere.
离地最近的地层是对流层.
This is where clouds form and precipitation occurs.
这就是云层形成和降水的地方。
The next layer is the stratosphere.
下一层为平流层.
It extends about 50 kilometers (30 mi) above the ground.
它从地上延伸出约50公里(30米).
Commercial airliners fly about 11 kilometers (6.
商务客机飞行约11公里(6.
84 mi) into the calmer, lower layers of the stratosphere.
84米)进入平流层更平缓的下层.
Next are the mesosphere and thermosphere, which are from 50 kilometers to more than 90 kilometers (30–56 mi) above Earth’s surface.
接下来是中间层和热层,它们位于地表上方从50公里到90多公里(30至56米).
The very thin, outermost layer of Earth’s atmosphere is the exosphere.
地球大气层最薄最外层是外层。
Altitude (km) 120 – – 100 – – 80 – – 60 – – 40 – – 20 – – 0 – Thermosphere Mesosphere Stratosphere Troposphere Ozone Layer Layers of the Atmosphere Exosphere Earth’s surface Do You Know?
地平纬度(公里)120-100-80-80-60-40-20-0-热层中层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层层
Atoms are the tiny particles that make up all matter in the universe.
原子是构成宇宙中所有物质的微小粒子.
There are ninety-four natural substances on Earth, called elements.
地球上有94种天然物质,称为元素.
Each element has its own type of atom.
每个元素都有自己的原子类型.
Atoms join together to make all the things found on Earth.
原子一起制造出地球上发现的一切
Combinations of atoms are called molecules.
原子的结合称为分子.
For example, one molecule of the oxygen we breathe is made up of two atoms of oxygen, or O 2.
例如,我们所呼吸的一分子氧由两个原子的氧组成,即O 2.
Ozone is an oxygen molecule made of three atoms of oxygen, or O 3.
臭氧是一种由三个原子组成的氧分子,即O 3.
Ozone in the ozone layer is continually created and destroyed.
臭氧层中的臭氧不断被创造和破坏。
Under normal conditions, the amount of ozone remains fairly constant, which means that the balance does not shift too greatly one way or the other.
在正常情况下,臭氧的数量保持不变,这意味着平衡不会以某种方式发生太大变化。
The part of sunlight known as ultraviolet (UV) light is responsible for both creating and destroying ozone.
被称作"紫外线"(UV)光线的阳光部分,负责创造和破坏臭氧.
UV light creates ozone by splitting molecules of oxygen gas (O 2) into two individual oxygen atoms (O).
紫外光通过将氧气(O2)的分子分解为两个单独的氧原子(O)来产生臭氧.
If one of these oxygen atoms joins with a molecule of oxygen gas, a three-atom ozone molecule forms.
如果其中一个氧原子与一分子氧气相接,则三原子臭氧分子会形成.
UV light can also change an existing ozone molecule by removing one of its oxygen atoms.
紫外光还能够通过去除一个已存在的臭氧分子的氧原子来改变它.
The freed oxygen atom then reacts with an ozone molecule (O 3), causing it to split into two oxygen molecules (O2 + O2).
释放出氧原子再与一臭氧分子(O 3)发生反应,使其分裂为两个氧分子(O2+O2).
UV rays break down normal oxygen molecules into two separate atoms.
紫外线将正常的氧分子分解为两个独立的原子.
These atoms then combine with other oxygen molecules to make ozone.
这些原子随后会与其他氧分子结合来制造臭氧.
Oxygen molecule (O2) UV rays Oxygen atom (O) Oxygen molecule (O2) Ozone (O3)+ = violet indigo blue green yellow orange red long wavelengths ultraviolet V I S I B L E L I G H T U V L I G H T Ultraviolet light wavelengths are shorter than those of visible light and cannot be seen.
氧分子 (O2) 紫外线 氧原子 (O2) 氧分子 (O2) 臭氧 (O3)+ = 紫外线 蓝绿色 黄色 橙红色 长波长 紫外线 V I S I B L E L I G H T U V L G H T 紫外线光波长比可见光长更短,无法看见.
The colors of the rainbow make up the range of visible light, or the light humans can see.
彩虹的颜色构成可见光的范围,或者光能被人类所看见.
Light Wavelengths short wavelengths Do You Know?
光波长短波长 你知道吗?
Sunlight is actually a mixture of visible and invisible light of various wavelengths.
日光实际上是各种波长的可见和看不见光的混合物.
The visible light is made of different colors from red to violet.
可见光由从红色到紫色的不同颜色所成.
Long wavelengths, which are less powerful, produce red light.
长波长较弱,能产生出红光.
Shorter wavelengths, which are more powerful, produce blue and violet light.
更短的波长更能产生出蓝色和紫光.
Light eventually becomes invisible as the wavelengths decrease.
光最终随着波长的减少而变得无形.
This continual creation and destruction of ozone keeps the amount of ozone in the ozone layer fairly constant.
臭氧的不断产生和破坏使臭氧层中的臭氧数量保持了相当稳定。
The layer of ozone created keeps harmful UV light from reaching Earth’s surface.
所创造的臭氧层使有害的紫外线无法到达地表。
Ozone also forms near the ground.
臭氧也在地上附近形成.
This ozone is harmful to plants and animals, and is called “bad ozone.”
这种臭氧对植物和动物有害,被称为“坏臭氧”。 “
It forms when cars and factories release chemicals called pollutants into the air.
它在汽车和工厂向空气中排放被称作污染物的化学品时形成.
On hot days, sunlight starts a reaction between the pollutants and oxygen, causing the formation of harmful ground-level ozone.
在炎热的日子,阳光在污染物和氧气之间开始反应,导致有害地层臭氧的形成.
If levels of ground-level ozone rise to dangerously high levels, a warning is sent out.
如果地平面臭氧水平上升至危险高地,则发出警告。
People with breathing problems are told to stay inside.
有呼吸问题的人被告知要留在里面.
When air becomes polluted, outdoor activities might be limited.
当空气被污染时,户外活动可能受到限制。
Discovery of the Ozone Hole In the 1970s, scientists in Antarctica measured an increase in the ultraviolet (UV) light reaching Earth.
发现臭氧层 20世纪70年代,南极洲的科学家测出到达地球的紫外线(UV)光线增加.
Later, satellites confirmed that UV light in some areas was not being absorbed by the ozone layer as much as it had been in previous years.
后来,卫星证实,一些地区的紫外光没有往年那样被臭氧层所吸收。
From the satellite data, scientists made maps that showed a hole in the ozone layer over the South Pole.
从卫星数据中,科学家们绘制的地图显示南极上空的臭氧层有洞.
By 1994, the ozone level had dropped to one- half of what it was in the 1970s.
到1994年,臭氧水平已降至1970年代的一半。
There were signs that the ozone hole discovered above Antarctica was expanding past the polar region toward the equator, where more people lived.
有迹象表明,南极上空发现的臭氧洞正在从极地向赤道延伸,那里居住着更多的人。
The ozone hole was becoming a threat to people and the environment.
臭氧洞正成为对人类和环境的威胁。
Math Minute A one-percent decrease in ozone in the stratosphere will cause a two-percent increase in UV-B light that reaches the ground.
数学分钟 平流层臭氧减少一个百分点将导致到达地面的紫外线-B光增加二个百分点。
If ozone in the stratosphere decreases by ten percent, what is the increase in the percentage of UV-B light reaching the ground?
如果平流层中的臭氧减少10%,到达地面的紫外线-B光的百分比增加多少?
Ozone destruction is greatest around the North and South Poles during winter, due to the winds and low temperatures common to polar regions.
冬季,由于极地常见的风和低温,北极和南极周围的臭氧破坏最大.
The ozone layer rebuilds during warmer months.
臭氧层在更温暖的几个月内重建.
(Winter in Antarctica, or the South Pole, occurs during summer in the Arctic, or North Pole.)
(南极地冬,或南极地冬,发于北极地夏,或北极地.
Chemical Causes of the Ozone Hole Scientists searched for causes of the changing ozone levels.
臭氧层科学家的化学原因寻找臭氧水平变化的原因。
They discovered that some factories release chemicals called CFCs, or chlorofluorocarbons, that could destroy ozone.
他们发现,一些工厂排放的化学品称为氟氯化碳,或氟氯化碳,可能破坏臭氧。
The element chlorine in CFCs was the main problem.
氟氯化碳中的氯元素是主要问题。
Since CFCs were used in air conditioners, insulating foams, and spray paint, large amounts of chlorine were regularly released into the atmosphere.
由于氟氯化碳被用于空调、绝缘泡沫和喷漆,大量氯经常被排放到大气中。
Scientists also learned that another chemical, bromine, could destroy ozone.
科学家还了解到另一种化学物质"溴"会破坏臭氧.
Bromine is found in substances that are known as ODCs, or Ozone Depleting Chemicals.
溴存在于被称作ODCs或臭氧消耗化学品的物质中.
Bromine can destroy forty-five times more ozone than an equal amount of chlorine found in CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons).
与氟氯化碳(氯氟化碳)中发现的等量氯相比,溴可破坏45倍的臭氧。
ODCs are frequently found in chemicals used to control fires.
在用于控制火灾的化学品中经常发现ODC.
Scientists in Antarctica launch an instrument that will measure the ozone layer.
南极洲的科学家们推出了一个测量臭氧层的仪器.
NASA ozone charts record the amount of ozone on a daily basis.
NASA臭氧图记录了每天的臭氧数量.
The lowest ozone level ever recorded was in 2006.
有史以来最低的臭氧水平是2006年。
Antarctica Antarctica Antarctica Antarctica Planes are used to drop fire retardant chemicals on forest fires.
南极洲 南极洲 南极洲 飞机用于将阻燃化学品投放到森林火灾上。
CFCs and ODCs rise into the stratosphere, where sunlight breaks these molecules into chlorine and bromine atoms.
氯氟化碳和ODC升入平流层,阳光将这些分子分解为氯和溴原子。
The chlorine and bromine then break down ozone molecules.
氯和溴会分解臭氧分子。
One chlorine atom can destroy 100,000 ozone molecules.
一个氯原子可以摧毁10万个臭氧分子.
The process stops when the chlorine and bromine drift into space.
当氯和溴漂入太空时,这一过程就停止了。
Natural sources of chemicals can also destroy ozone.
化学品的自然来源也可破坏臭氧。
One such source is erupting volcanoes, which spread hydrochloric acid high into the stratosphere, where it breaks down into ozone- destroying chlorine gas.
其中一个来源是火山的喷发,火山将高盐酸扩散到平流层,并在那里分解为破坏臭氧的氯气.
While volcanoes and other natural events destroy some ozone, CFCs and ODCs from industry cause most of the damage.
虽然火山和其他自然事件摧毁了一些臭氧,但来自工业的氟氯化碳和ODC造成了大部分破坏。
Erupting volcanoes are one natural source of harmful chemicals that destroy ozone.
喷发火山是破坏臭氧的有害化学品的自然来源。
Researchers and scientists from many countries share the information from atmosphere- monitoring satellites.
许多国家的研究人员和科学家分享来自大气监测卫星的信息。
The World Responds Even after ozone destruction was connected to CFCs and ODCs, many countries continued to produce them.
世界对策 即使在臭氧被销毁后,许多国家仍继续生产氟氯化碳和石油输出地。
These chemicals were so useful that nobody wanted to give them up.
这些化学品非常有用,没有人愿意放弃。
It took cooperation between the governments of many nations to address this global problem.
为了解决这一全球性问题,许多国家政府必须进行合作。
Countries joined together in 1987 and signed the Montreal Protocol.
1987年,各国共同签署了《蒙特利尔议定书》。
This agreement called for reducing and later banning the production of CFCs and ODCs by 1996.
这项协定要求到1996年减少并随后禁止生产氟氯化碳和ODC。
This is a success story because it is the first time that many nations have tackled an environmental issue on a global scale.
这是一个成功的例子,因为这是许多国家第一次在全球范围处理环境问题。
As a result, since the year 2000, CFCs and ODCs in the atmosphere have been decreasing.
因此,自2000年以来,大气中的氟氯化碳和ODC一直在减少。
However, it may take years to tell whether or not the ozone layer will fully recover.
然而,可能需要数年的时间才能确定臭氧层是否会完全恢复。
Global Warming Engineers quickly developed alternative chemicals to CFCs and ODCs in hopes of restoring the ozone layer.
全球暖化工程师公司迅速研制出氟氯化碳和ODC的替代化学品,希望恢复臭氧层.
However, some of these ozone-friendly alternative chemicals are also powerful greenhouse gases.
然而,其中一些对臭氧无害的替代化学品也是很强的温室气体。
Greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane, when released into the atmosphere, trap heat near Earth’s surface in the same way that glass traps heat in a greenhouse.
二氧化碳和甲烷等温室气体排放到大气中后,会以玻璃夹住温室发热的方式在地表附近夹住热量。
The result is a condition known as the greenhouse effect.
结果是一种被称为温室效应的条件.
Some scientists think an increase in gases that create the greenhouse effect has caused the temperature of the air around Earth to gradually rise.
一些科学家认为,产生温室效应的气体的增加使地球周围的空气温度逐渐升高.
Earth atmosphere greenhouse gases Sun Sun’s rays heat from Earth trapped heat How Greenhouse Gases Trap Heat How Greenhouse Gases Trap Heat Earth has warmed by one degree over the last one hundred years.
地球大气层温室气体 太阳从地球射出热量 困住热量 温室气体陷阱 热量如何 温室气体陷阱 热地在过去一百年中暖和了一度。
That may not seem like a lot, but scientists are concerned that, over time, a persistent warming trend might cause Earth’s temperature to rise higher and higher.
但科学家们担心,随着时间推移,持续变暖的趋势可能会使地球温度上升。
A hotter Earth may lead to the melting of the polar ice caps and warming of the oceans.
更热的地球可能导致极地冰盖的融化和海洋变暖.
If ice on land melts, the world’s oceans would rise and flood land near the coast, destroying habitats of living things.
如果陆地上的冰融化,世界的海洋会升起并淹没海岸附近的陆地,破坏活物的栖息地.
A warmer Earth would also create changes in weather patterns that could lead to habitat destruction and the deaths of some plants and animals.
温暖的地球也会改变天气模式,导致生境被破坏并导致一些动植物死亡。
Some immobile living things, such as the oceans’ corals, would be trapped and doomed.
海洋的珊瑚等一些不流动的活物将会被困住并被毁灭。
The sea life that depends on the coral reefs for shelter and food would also die.
依靠珊瑚礁来提供住所和食物的海洋生物也会死亡。
If Earth becomes hotter, polar ice on land might melt and break off into the sea, raising the oceans’ water levels.
如果地球变热,陆地上极地冰会融化并分解入海洋,提高海洋的水位。
Greenhouse Gases Four different greenhouse gases contribute to global warming when they are released into the atmosphere.
温室气体 四种不同的温室气体在排放到大气层时会助长全球变暖。
The four gases are carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and fluorocarbons.
这四种气体是二氧化碳、甲烷、一氧化二氮和氟化碳。
Most scientists believe carbon dioxide causes about three-fourths, or 76 percent, of the increase in global warming.
大多数科学家认为二氧化碳导致约四分之三,即76%的全球变暖增加.
Machines using gas-powered motors, as well as power plants, produce carbon dioxide by burning fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas.
使用燃气动力发动机的机器以及发电厂通过燃烧煤,石油等化石燃料来产生二氧化碳.
The carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere by our cars, planes, trucks, and trains may contribute to greater global warming.
我们的汽车、飞机、卡车和火车向大气层排放的二氧化碳可能助长更严重的全球变暖。
Rotting garbage at landfills produces methane, a greenhouse gas.
垃圾填埋场的腐烂产生甲烷,一种温室气体.
Most scientists think these four gases are responsible for current trends in global warming.
大多数科学家认为这四种气体是当前全球变暖趋势的原因.
Greenhouse Gases Carbon dioxide 76% Methane 13% Fluorocarbons 5%Nitrous oxide 6% Methane is responsible for about 13 percent of global warming.
76%的甲烷 13% 氟化碳 5% 氧化氮 甲烷占全球变暖的约13%。
Methane is produced naturally in swamps and by livestock passing gas.
甲烷自然由沼泽和牲畜通过气体产生。
It is also a product of rotting garbage.
它也是腐烂垃圾的产物.
Nitrous oxide is the third-worst contributor to global warming.
氧化氮是造成全球变暖的第三重因素。
Nitrous oxide is found mostly in fertilizers.
氧化氮多见于化肥.
The nitrogen in fertilizers is an important plant food, but when it mixes with soil it produces nitrous oxide.
肥料中的氮是重要的植物食物,但与土壤相混合后会生成一氧化二氮.
Nitrous oxide is also produced when animal waste decomposes.
动物废物分解后也会产生一氧化二氮.
The final contributor to global warming is fluorocarbon gases.
造成全球变暖的最终因素就是氟化碳气体。
Fluorocarbons also contribute to the destruction of ozone.
氟化碳也有助于破坏臭氧。
Fluorocarbons rarely occur in nature.
氟化碳在自然界中很少出现.
They are almost totally human- made, so their production can be prevented.
它们几乎完全是人造的,因此可以防止它们的出产。
World Debate Not everyone agrees on the seriousness of the global-warming problem.
世界辩论 并非每个人都同意全球变暖问题的严重性。
Some say that a one-percent rise is nothing to be concerned about.
有人说,1%的上升是无关紧要的。
Others think that the problem will worsen and that people ought to take steps now to prevent future global warming.
其他人则认为,这一问题会恶化,人们现在应该采取措施来防止未来的全球变暖.
These people believe that we should find ways to reduce greenhouse gas production before it is too late.
这些人认为,我们应该设法在为时已晚之前减少温室气体的生产。
Reducing the amount of greenhouse gases may also slow down the destruction of the ozone layer.
减少温室气体的数量也可能减缓臭氧层被破坏的速度。
Global warming of the lower atmosphere actually cools the upper atmosphere.
下层大气的全球变暖实际上使上层大气冷却.
This cooling leads to conditions that can cause Riding bicycles, skateboards, and scooters instead of riding in the car helps to reduce production of greenhouse gases.
这种冷却会导致一些条件,导致骑自行车,滑板和摩托车而不是骑在车上,有助于减少温室气体的生产.
Carpooling and taking public transportation would reduce the amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere by gas-powered cars and trucks.
乘车和搭乘公共交通将减少由燃气汽车和卡车向大气中排放的二氧化碳的数量。
further breakdown of the ozone layer.
臭氧层的进一步分解。
So, if we can learn how to decrease the production of greenhouse gases, we might prevent further destruction of the ozone layer.
因此,如果我们能够学会如何减少温室气体的生产,我们可能会防止臭氧层的进一步破坏。
There are no definite answers to the global- warming problem, but many scientists around the world are looking into effective solutions.
全球变暖问题没有明确的答案,但世界各地许多科学家正在寻找有效的解决办法。
They feel it is in everyone’s best interest to understand as much as possible about decreasing the release of greenhouse gases.
他们觉得尽可能了解减少温室气体排放符合每个人的最佳利益。
What You Can Do to Help Governments and industries around the world have taken steps to reduce ozone-destroying chemicals.
为帮助全世界各国政府和工业,你们可以做些什么来减少破坏臭氧的化学品。
They are cooperating in programs to measure and monitor the ozone layer.
它们正在合作实施测量和监测臭氧层的方案。
There are also things we can do as individuals to protect the atmosphere.
也有一些事情我们可以作为个人来保护大气层.
We can stop producing more ground-level ozone by reducing the use of automobiles.
通过减少汽车的使用,我们可以停止生产更多的地层臭氧。
And we can use hand-powered mowers instead of mowers that burn gasoline.
我们可以使用手动割草机 而不是燃烧汽油的割草机。
Protecting the upper-level ozone layer means trying to avoid releasing CFCs and ODCs into the atmosphere.
保护上层臭氧层意味着努力避免向大气中释放氟氯化碳和有机化合物。
Recycle the chemicals that cool old refrigerators and air conditioners.
回收冷却旧冰箱和空调的化学品。
Avoid foam packaging, if possible.
尽可能避免泡沫包装。
Write letters to industries that still use CFCs and ODCs, and ask them what Using public transportation helps to decrease ozone depletion.
致函那些仍在使用氟氯化碳和有机化合物的行业,并询问它们使用公共交通有何帮助来减少臭氧消耗。
Conclusion Factories and certain products we use release chemicals that are destroying part of the protective blanket surrounding Earth.
工厂和某些产品 我们使用释放的化学品 正在摧毁地球周围保护毯的一部分。
The chemicals being released into the air may be causing Earth’s atmosphere to warm up.
释放到空气中的化学物质可能使地球的大气层变暖.
Actions taken by governments from all around the world have helped ban certain chemicals.
世界各国政府采取的行动有助于禁止某些化学品。
However, more action is needed to prevent future harm to our atmosphere.
然而,需要更多的行动来防止今后对我们的大气层造成伤害。
The ozone problem has taught us many things.
臭氧问题教给我们很多东西。
We now know that we need to control the use of certain chemicals.
我们现在知道,我们需要控制某些化学品的使用。
Scientists, politicians, and concerned citizens work together toward common goals.
科学家、政治家和关心的公民为实现共同目标而共同努力。
Perhaps the most important thing it has taught us is that we need to start thinking about how our current activities might affect not only people today, but also our future well- being and the health of our planet.
也许它教给我们的最重要的东西是,我们需要开始思考我们目前的活动如何不仅会影响今天的人,而且会影响我们的未来福祉和我们地球的健康。
Glossary atmosphere (n.)
词汇氛围(不详)
the gas surrounding a celestial body, such as Earth (p.
围绕天体的气体,例如地球(p.
4) atoms (n.)
4) 原子 (n.
the smallest particles of elements that can exist alone (p.
能够单独存在的元素最小颗粒(p.
7) chemicals (n.)
7)化学品(不详)
substances produced by or used in a chemical process (p.
由化学工艺生产或使用的物质(p.
9) constant (adj.)
9) 常数(adj.
steady; not changing (p.
平稳; 不变化 (p.
7) contributor (n.)
7) 贡献者(n.)
a donor or supplier of something (p.
某物品的捐赠者或供应者(p.
18) decomposes (v.)
18)分解(五.
breaks down in decay (p.
在衰变中分解(p.
18) fossil fuels (n.)
18) 化石燃料(n.)
organic substances, such as coal and oil, found underground and used as sources of energy (p.
煤和石油等有机物质在地下发现并用作能源(p.
17) global an increase in the temperature of Earth’s warming (n.)
17) 全球地球升温温度上升 (n.
atmosphere, especially a rise great enough to change the climate (p.
特别是足以改变气候的上升(p.
17) greenhouse the process by which heat is trapped effect (n.)
17)使热被困效应的过程温和(n.
inside Earth’s atmosphere by gases (p.
地球大气层内部的气体(p.
15) molecules (n.)
15) 分子 (n.
the smallest parts of a substance that are formed when two or more atoms are held together (p.
当两个或两个以上原子在一起时形成的物质的最小部分(p.
7) pollutants (n.)
7) 污染物(n.
things that cause something to no longer be pure (p.
导致某物不再纯净(p.
9) precipitation (n.)
9) 降水量 (n.
different forms of water that fall to the ground, such as hail, sleet, rain, snow, or mist (p.
倒入地上的不同形式的水,如冰雹,流水,雨,雪等或雾(p.
5) ultraviolet (adj.)
(5) 紫外线(adj.)
relating to a form of light energy that cannot be seen (p.
与一种无法看见的光能有关(p.
6) Index Antarctica, 10, 11 atmosphere, 4–6, 12, 14, 15, 17, 19, 21, 22 exosphere, 5 mesosphere, 5 stratosphere, 5, 10 thermosphere, 5 troposphere, 5 atom(s), 6, 7 breathe, 6 bromine, 12, 13 carbon dioxide, 4, 15, 17, 19 chlorine, 12, 13 chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), 12–15, 21 damage, 13 element, 6 fluorocarbons, 17, 18 fossil fuels, 17 global warming, 15, 17–20 greenhouse gases, 15, 17, 18 invisible light, 8 methane, 15, 17, 18 molecule(s), 6, 7 Montreal Protocol, 14 nitrogen, 4, 18 North Pole, 11 oxygen, 4, 6, 7, 9 ozone, 6, 7, 9–15, 18–22 hole, 10, 12 layer, 7, 9–11, 14, 15, 19–21 Ozone Depleting Chemicals (ODCs), 12–15, 21 satellites, 10 skin cancer, 8 South Pole, 11 ultraviolet (UV), 6–10 UV-B, 10 visible light, 8 volcanoes, 13 wavelength(s), 8 Explore More On the Internet, use www.
6) 南极指数,10,11个大气,4-6,12,14,15,17,19,21,22外层,5个中层,5个平流层,5个平流层,5个热层,5个对流层,5个原子(s),6,7个呼吸,6个溴,12个二氧化碳,4个15,17个氯,12个氯,13个氯,12个氯,13个氯,12个氯,12个氯,15个氯,21个破坏,13个元素,6个氟化碳,17个化石燃料,17个全球变暖,15个、17个温室气体,15个、17个克,18个隐形光,8个甲烷,15个17个,18个分子,6个蒙特利尔议定书,14个氮,4个北极,11个氧,4个,7个臭氧,6个,7个,9个,9个,9个,9个,9个,9个,15个 -- 18 -- 22个洞,10个,12个地层,7个氯,12个,12个氯,13个,12个氯, 互联网上,使用www.
google.
Google (英语).
com to find out more about topics presented in this book.
了解更多本书中介绍的主题
Use terms from the text, or try searching for glossary or index words.
使用文本中的术语,或者尝试搜索词汇或索引词.
Some searches to try: global warming, ozone hole, or CFCs.
一些探索尝试:全球变暖、臭氧洞或氟氯化碳。