Taj Mahal
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents In Loving Memory.
爱记忆中的内容表.
4 The Taj Mahal Complex.
4 泰姬陵综合体.
5 The Mausoleum.
5"陵园".
6 A Wife and a Friend.
6 妻子和朋友。
10 The Taj Mahal Is Built.
10 泰姬陵为所建.
12 After the Shah’s Death.
12 在沙阿死后.
13 A Memorial for the Ages.
13 古代纪念馆.
15 Glossary.
15 词汇。
16 BAY OF BENGAL ARABIAN SEA INDIA Agra Yamuna River Burhanpur Known for its perfectly balanced design, the Taj Mahal is the most magnificent creation of the Mughal dynasty.
16个Bay of Bengal Arabian Sea INDIA 阿格拉·亚穆纳河·布尔汉布尔(Agra Yamuna River Burhanpur Known)以其完全平衡的设计而著称,泰姬陵是莫卧儿王朝最辉煌的创造地.
In Loving Memory If you were to draw a picture to honor someone who meant a great deal to you, how would you begin?
在爱的记忆中 如果你画一幅画来纪念一个对你很重要的人 你会怎么开始呢?
Whatever your ideas, you’ d most likely want to include the most beautiful things imaginable in your drawing.
无论你的想法是什么,你最可能想要将最美的东西包含在你的画中。
A place in India was created to do just that—to honor the memory of someone who was loved very much.
在印度创建了一个地方,
It was built in the 1600s during the Mughal (MOO-guhl) dynasty.
它建于莫卧儿(MOO-guhl)王朝时期的1600年代.
The Mughals are famous for the rich works of art and beautiful architecture they left behind.
莫卧儿人以留下的丰富的艺术品和美丽的建筑而出名.
Their family name, Mughul, gave rise to the word mogul, which refers to someone as wealthy and powerful as the richest king.
他们的家族名"穆古尔"(Mughul)产生了"莫古尔"(mogul)一词,指富贵而有权势的人,如最富有的国王.
Their most famous creation—the Taj Mahal—was built by the fifth Mughal ruler, Shah Jahan.
他们最出名的创造 泰姬陵——由第五任莫卧儿统治者沙·贾汉所建.
The Taj Mahal Complex When people think of the Taj Mahal, most picture the mausoleum with its huge white dome.
泰姬陵园 当人们想到泰姬陵后,大多数都以巨大的白色穹顶来描绘陵墓.
However, the Taj Mahal is actually a 16-hectare (42-acre) area designed to represent the paradise home of Shah Jahan’s favorite wife, Mumtaz Mahal.
然而,泰姬陵实际上是一个面积为16公顷(42英亩)的地区,旨在代表沙阿·贾汉最爱的妻子穆姆塔兹·马哈尔的天堂家园.
Buildings, walls, gates, and gardens are all laid out to reflect the Islamic idea of a perfect heaven.
建筑,城墙,城门,和花园都被铺设出,以体现伊斯兰关于完美天堂的理念.
Although grass now fills the grounds, beautiful flowers and fruit trees once suggested paradise’s gardens.
美丽的花朵和果树曾建议建立天堂花园。
Four water channels divide the garden into four equal parts that meet at a pool in the center.
四道取水道将花园分为四个等分部分,在中心一池相会.
They symbolize the four heavenly rivers described in the Koran, the Islamic holy book.
它们象征可兰经所描述的四道天河,即"伊斯兰圣书".
To enter the Taj Mahal today, visitors pass through the Great Gate, an impressive building made of red sandstone and marble.
今天要入住泰姬陵,参观者会从大出门经过,这是一栋由红色砂岩和大理石所建造的令人印象深刻的建筑.
Words from the Koran welcome visitors.
《可兰经》中的文字欢迎来访者。
The Great Gate is made of red sandstone and marble, and is decorated with inlaid flowers and flanked by two eight-sided towers.
大门由红砂岩和大理石所制成,并用嵌花装饰,由两座八边形高塔相接而成.
The Mausoleum Everything in the Taj Mahal points visitors toward the large mausoleum where Mumtaz Mahal is buried.
陵园 泰姬陵园的一切 都指向穆姆塔兹陵园的游客
From inside the Great Gate, the mausoleum’s onion-shaped dome appears perfectly framed in the arched entrance.
从"大门"内部,陵墓的洋葱形穹顶在拱形出入口上出现了完美的框架.
In the Taj Mahal gardens, the water channels shimmer with the mausoleum’s reflection.
在泰姬陵园,水道与陵墓倒影相闪烁.
The mausoleum is built on a raised marble platform that dominates the Taj Mahal grounds.
陵墓建于高起的大理石平台上,主宰了泰姬陵地.
Four tall towers surround it, each more than 40 meters (130 ft.)
四周有四座高塔,每座高40多米(130英尺).
tall.
高个子。
Most structures on the Taj Mahal grounds are made of red sandstone.
泰姬陵地上的大部分建筑由红砂岩所出.
However, the mausoleum, the platform holding it, and the surrounding towers are covered with white marble.
然而,陵墓,月台所抱有的塔被白色的大理石所覆盖.
White is the Islamic color of mourning.
白色是伊斯兰教的哀悼颜色.
On a tomb, white shows the faith of the person buried within.
在一座墓上,白色展现出被埋入墓内的人的信仰.
The perfectly framed mausoleum is the first thing visitors see when they enter through the Great Gate.
完美陷地的陵墓是参观者通过"大门"进入时所看到的第一件事.
The mausoleum was designed to represent Mumtaz Mahal’s mansion in the gardens of paradise.
陵墓的设计代表了穆姆塔兹·马哈尔在天堂花园的豪宅.
From the outside, the marble appears to change color with the changing light and weather.
从外面看,大理石似乎随着光和天气的变化而改变颜色.
At times, the building seems to glow.
有时,大楼似乎会发光.
Like many Mughal tombs, Mumtaz Mahal’s mausoleum has eight sides, with four long and four short outer walls.
和多座莫卧儿墓一样,穆姆塔兹·马哈尔的陵墓有8个侧面,外墙有4个长而短.
Massive arches provide entry on the four long walls of the building, with smaller arches on either side.
大型拱门为建筑四道长墙提供入门,两侧有较小的拱门.
Inside the mausoleum, Mumtaz Mahal’s coffin sits at the center of an eight-sided room in the middle of the building.
在陵墓内部,穆姆塔兹·马哈尔的棺材坐落于建筑正中央的一个八边形的房间.
Beside it, a second coffin marks her husband’s burial site.
另外,还有一个棺材是她丈夫的墓地。
Beautifully carved marble screens surround the coffins.
美丽的雕刻出大理石屏幕环绕着棺材.
The public tomb of emperor Shah Jahan (left) lies next to the one of his third wife, Mumtaz Mahal (right).
皇帝沙阿·贾汉(左)的公墓位于他第三任妻子穆姆塔兹·马哈尔(右)的旁边.
Carved marble screens cover the windows.
雕刻出的大理石屏幕覆盖了窗户.
Both coffins are fake burial sites for visitors to view.
两个棺材都是假葬地供游客取景.
The real burial sites are located in a private room on the lower level, directly below the coffins.
真正的埋葬地位于下层的私人房间中,正下方为棺材.
Some experts believe the mausoleum—the most richly decorated structure in the Taj Mahal— represents Mumtaz’s heavenly crown.
一些专家认为陵墓——泰姬陵最丰富的装饰结构——代表了穆姆塔兹的天冠.
The word taj comes from the Persian word for “crown.”
Taj一词取自波斯语中“crown”一词。 “
Geometric designs cover nearly every inch of the floor.
几何设计几乎覆盖了地上的每一寸.
Vines, flowers, and butterflies decorate the walls, bright with precious and semiprecious stones—jade, jasper, turquoise, and lapis lazuli (LAP-is LA-zuh-lee).
花藤花和蝴蝶装饰了墙壁,以珍贵和半珍贵的石头亮相——jade,jasper,turquise,和相接而来(LAP-is LA-zuh-lee).
Artisans set thousands of diamonds, rubies, amethysts, and other gems into the designs.
手艺人将上千个钻石,红宝石,阿弥陀佛等宝石放入设计中.
Thousands of people visit the mausoleum every day.
每日有上千人来入陵.
A Wife and a Friend The Taj Mahal was not the first tomb created by Mughal rulers, but it was one of the few created for a woman.
一个妻子和一个朋友"泰姬陵"并不是莫卧儿统治者所创造的第一个墓穴,而是为一位女性所创造的少数墓穴之一.
Shah Jahan’s other two wives are buried in unmarked tombs.
Shah Jahan的另外两名妻子被安葬在无标记的坟墓中。
What inspired him to build such a magnificent memorial for Mumtaz?
是什么激励他为穆姆塔兹建造了如此宏伟的纪念碑?
Shah Jahan met Mumtaz Mahal, then called Arjumand Banu, when he was a fifteen-year-old prince and she was fourteen.
沙阿·贾汉遇见了穆姆塔斯·马哈尔,后被称作"阿尔朱曼德·巴努"(Arjumand Banu),当时他已是15岁的王子,她才14岁.
They were engaged shortly afterward and were married five years later, in 1612.
两人不久后订婚,五年后于1612年结婚.
Shah Jahan gave her the title Mumtaz Mahal, which means “Chosen One of the Palace.”
Shah Jahan给她取了Mumtaz Mahal的称号,意思是“宫殿之一。 “
Mumtaz became Shah Jahan’s constant companion.
Mumtaz成为Shah Jahan的常客。
She traveled everywhere with him, even when he went to war.
她和他一起到处旅行,即使他去打仗.
She was in his battle camp when she died giving birth to their fourteenth child in 1631.
她在1631年生下他们的第十四个孩子而死时就在他的战斗营.
She was only thirty-eight years old.
她才38岁
Shah Jahan was heartbroken.
沙·贾汉心碎了
According to the court historian, Shah Jahan’s beard turned white, and he cried so often that he needed glasses.
宫廷历史学家认为,沙阿·贾汉的胡子变白了,他经常哭到需要眼镜.
He gave up jewelry, fancy clothes, and music.
他放弃了珠宝 花花公子和音乐
Every Wednesday, the day on which Mumtaz had died, Shah Jahan banned celebrations.
每个星期三,即穆马塔兹逝世的那天,Shah Jahan禁止庆祝活动。
On the yearly anniversary of her death, he required his court to wear white in her memory.
在她去世的一年纪念日,他要求他的法庭在她的记忆中穿白色.
Shah Jahan chose a site for Mumtaz Mahal’s memorial shortly after returning to the capital city of Agra.
沙赫·贾汉在返回首都阿格拉后不久,为穆姆塔兹·马哈尔的纪念地选择了一处地.
He selected land beside the Yamuna (YAH-moo-nah) River, where Mughal royalty lived in riverside garden mansions.
他选择了Yamuna(YAH-moo-nah)河畔的土地,莫卧儿王室住在河边的花园豪宅中。
The mausoleum would be built along a bend in the river where slower water kept the banks from washing away.
陵墓将沿着河道修建,河道上较慢的水使河岸无法被冲走。
The river created a natural mirror to reflect light onto the mausoleum’s white marble walls.
河道造出一面自然的镜子来反射出陵墓白色的大理石墙上的光.
Shah Jahan built the Taj Mahal on the western bank of the Yamuna River.
沙阿·贾汉在亚穆纳河西岸建造了泰姬陵.
The water in the gardens’ channels comes from the river.
花园中的水来自河流。
The Taj Mahal Is Built Construction of the Taj Mahal began in 1632, about a year after Mumtaz Mahal’s death, and continued for nearly twenty-two years.
泰姬陵为泰姬陵所建,始建于1632年,即穆姆塔兹陵去世后约一年,并持续了近22年.
It was the largest building project of the Mughal dynasty.
它是莫卧儿王朝最大的建筑项目.
More than twenty thousand workers and a thousand elephants worked on its construction.
二万多工人和一千多头大象在兴建.
Shah Jahan brought in architects, stoneworkers, and painters from all over the world.
沙·贾汉从世界各地引进了建筑师,石匠和画家.
Gems, semiprecious stones, and different colors of marble came from China, Tibet, Afghanistan, and other countries.
宝石,半宝石和不同颜色的大理石出自中国,西藏,阿富汗等地.
Some of the slabs of white marble used to cover the mausoleum were enormous.
一些被用来遮盖陵墓的白色大理石板是巨大的.
The marble had to be transported hundreds of miles on carts pulled by teams of twenty to thirty oxen.
大理石必须用由二十到三十只牛组成的小分队所拉的推车运送上百英里.
Workers constructed a system of scaffolding, ropes, and pulleys to move the marble into position.
工人建造了脚手架,绳子和拉杆等系统来将大理石移入位置.
ft.)
ft.) (中文(简体) ).
tall.
高个子。
Its dome is 44 meters (144 ft.)
其穹顶为44米(144英尺).
metric tons (12,000 tn.)
公吨(12,000吨)
32 million rupees to build in 1632.
1632年建成3200万卢比.
as it cost to build Disney World.
因为它的成本 建立迪士尼世界。
After the Shah’s Death Today, the Taj Mahal is open from sunrise to sunset every day except Friday, the Muslim holy day.
泰姬陵从日出到日出,
Visitors can also view the Taj Mahal by moonlight on the night of a full moon and the nights immediately before and after, except during the holy month of Ramadan.
游客还可以在满月之夜和紧接前后的夜晚以月光观看泰姬陵,但斋月期间除外.
However, the Taj Mahal is not the same place that Shah Jahan built in the seventeenth century.
然而,泰姬陵不是沙阿·贾汉在17世纪所建的地方.
In the years after the Shah’s death, it was practically abandoned.
在沙阿死后几年,它实际上被废弃了.
Thieves took many of the gems and semiprecious stones.
贼取出许多宝石和半宝石.
Gold lamps, Persian carpets, and other decorations disappeared.
金灯,波斯地毯等装饰也消失了.
By the late nineteenth century, the British had replaced the Mughals as India’s rulers.
到19世纪后期,英国人取代了莫卧儿人成为了印度的统治者.
They began restoration of the Taj Mahal.
他们开始修复泰姬陵.
Neat lawns replaced the overgrown gardens.
漂亮的草地取代了过度生长的花园.
The British repaired damaged marble and replaced missing screens and lamps.
英国人修复了被损坏的大理石并更换了缺失的屏幕和灯具.
Today the gardens of the Taj Mahal look much like the renovated gardens of 1899 (right).
如今泰姬陵的花园外观与1899年被改建的花园(右)相仿.
Since the nineteenth century, new enemies have threatened the Taj Mahal.
自十九世纪起,新的敌人威胁了泰姬陵.
Air pollution from iron foundries, factories, and other industries damages the marble’s soft surface.
铁铸造厂、工厂和其他行业的空气污染破坏了大理石的软地表。
A yellow fungus known as “marble cancer” causes additional damage and discoloration.
一种被称作"可口癌"的黄色真菌会造成额外的损伤和去色.
Increasing numbers of visitors also place more wear and tear on the monument.
越来越多的游客也对纪念碑造成更多的磨损.
The Indian government has put a number of measures in place to protect the monument.
印度政府采取多项措施来保护纪念碑.
Today, a 2-kilometer (1.
今天,2公里(1.
2 mi.)
2 m. (中文(简体) ).
traffic-free zone surrounds the Taj Mahal to keep out polluting vehicles.
无交通区包围了泰姬陵以避污染车辆.
Polluting industries have been banned from a larger protected zone surrounding the monument.
污染行业被禁止进入纪念碑周围更大的保护区.
In addition, public and private groups are working together to repair and restore the Taj Mahal’s structures.
此外,公共和私人团体正在共同努力修复并恢复泰姬陵的建筑。
The Taj Mahal may face challenges, but it has already survived earthquakes, lightning, wars, and floods.
泰姬陵可能面临挑战,但已经幸存了地震、闪电、战争和洪水。
With a bit of luck and a lot of hard work, it will survive the coming centuries as well.
有了一点运气和很多的辛勤工作,它也将活过未来的几个世纪.
Artisans work to restore beautiful marble artwork created hundreds of years ago.
艺术家致力于修复数百年前创造的美丽大理石艺术.
A Memorial for the Ages Today, the Taj Mahal sees thousands of daily visitors—millions each year—from all over the world.
泰姬陵是纪念今日时代的纪念地,每天有数千名来自世界各地的游客——每年数百万人。
The United Nations declared the Taj Mahal a World Heritage Site.
联合国宣布泰姬陵为世界遗产.
An international vote established it as one of the New Seven Wonders of the World.
一场国际投票将它确立为"世界新七大奇迹"之一.
Shah Jahan desired a memorial for his beloved wife that would be admired by the entire world for all time.
Shah Jahan希望为他心爱的妻子设立一个纪念碑,这个纪念碑将永远为全世界所钦佩.
The Taj Mahal may not last forever, but centuries after its construction, it remains one of the most beautiful memorials ever created.
泰姬陵可能不会永远存在,但在建成了几个世纪后,它仍然是最美丽的纪念地之一.
Early in the morning and later in the day, visitors get unforgettable views of the changing light on the Taj Mahal.
清晨及后期,参观者对泰姬陵上正在变化的光线会获得难忘的印象.
Glossary artisans (n.)
词汇工匠(不详)
people who are skilled at a craft or trade and who create items by hand (p.
在工艺或行业有技能的人和手工制作物品的人(p.
9) banned (v.)
9)被禁(五.