Puffins

美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习

Table of Contents Sea Clowns.

内容海小丑表.

4 Meet the Puffins.

4个 见普法会.

5 Puffin Habits.

5个Puffin Habits.

11 Protecting Puffins.

11"保护活猫".

13 Seeing Puffins.

13 见普法.

15 Glossary.

15 词汇。

16 Sea Clowns If you’ve ever seen a puffin, you’re unlikely to forget the experience.

16只海小丑 若你见过海绵,

Even if you haven’t, you probably know what these appealing birds look like.

即使你没有,你可能知道这些吸引人的鸟是什么样子。

Their appearance is unmistakably distinct with their plump bodies, black and white plumage, and vibrantly colorful beaks.

它们的外观与它们的羽毛,黑白羽毛,活泼多彩的喙明显不同.

They are also recognizable by their upright posture and seemingly determined gait.

他们的直率姿态和似乎坚定的步调也认出来了。

Their unusual antics and playful demeanor make these sturdy little birds irresistible to people.

他们不寻常的厌烦和玩弄人的轻率使这些坚固的小鸟对人们不可抗拒.

Due to their amusing and colorful appearance, puffins have earned the nickname “clowns of the sea.”

由于海豚的外表有趣多彩, “

Meet the Puffins Puffins, like other seabirds, spend most of their lives on the open ocean.

与其它海鸟一样,他们大部分时间都在公海上度过。

They belong to the auk, or Alcidae, family, whose members are known for their diving abilities.

他们属于Auk,或作Alcidae,家族,其成员以潜水能力出名.

As skillful swimmers, they’re perfectly adapted to ocean life.

作为精通游泳的运动员,他们完全适应了海洋生活。

Using their wings as flippers and their feet to steer, they zoom through the water with speed and grace.

利用翅膀作翻转器和脚来向上行驶,以快快而优雅地放大出水面.

They can dive 100 feet (30 m) or more and stay underwater for approximately half a minute while searching for fish.

它们可以下潜100英尺(30米)或更远,在寻找鱼时在水下停留约半分钟.

You might think that puffins’ impressive swimming prowess would come at the expense of flying skills.

你可能会认为海豚的惊人的游泳技巧会牺牲飞行技能。

That’s a common myth regarding these birds, but in actuality they are superb fliers, and they also walk with ease over rocks and other surfaces.

但实际上它们都是超强的飞行器,

From mid-spring through summer, puffins live in nesting colonies on islands and coastal cliffs in the North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans.

从中春到夏季,海豚都生活在北大西洋和北太平洋的岛屿和沿海悬崖上筑巢的殖民地.

They sport substantial, colorful beaks, areas of bright white plumage, and various feathery ornaments during the breeding season to attract a mate.

它们运动了大量,多彩的喙,有明亮的白色羽毛的地区,以及繁殖季节的各种羽毛装饰来吸引伴侣.

Additionally, their webbed feet become bright orange.

此外,他们的被子脚会变成亮橙色.

The rest of the year, while these birds are far out at sea, they wear mostly black, white, and gray versions of their breeding costumes.

剩下的一年,虽然这些鸟类远出出出海去,但大多穿着黑色,白色和灰色版本的繁殖服.

While at sea, they ride the ocean waves with other puffins in large groups referred to as “rafts.”

在海上时,它们与其他海豚一起以被称作 " 渡船 " 的大群出行。 “

The four species of puffins each have features that differentiate them.

泡泡花的4个物种各有不同特征.

Adult male and female puffins of each species look alike, though the males may be a bit larger.

每个物种的成年雄鸟和雌鸟都长相相似,虽然雄鸟可能较大一些.

Juveniles resemble adults in non-breeding plumage.

青少年在非繁殖羽毛中与成年人相类似.

Puffins swim as if they’re flying underwater.

便便会游泳,

Do You Know?

你知道吗?

The scientific name for the Atlantic puffin is Fratercula arctica, which is Latin for “little brother of the north.”

大西洋海豚的科学名称是 " Fratercula arctica " ,是拉丁语,意为 " 北方的弟弟 " 。 “

When puffins fly, they flap their wings as fast as 400 beats per minute.

当海豚飞起时,它们会飞快到每分钟400拍.

One of the largest Atlantic puffin colonies is in the Labrador Sea, near Canada.

最大的大西洋海豚殖民地之一位于加拿大附近的拉布拉多海.

Atlantic puffins live on both sides of the North Atlantic Ocean, with 60 percent living along the coast of Iceland during the breeding season.

大西洋海豚生活在北大西洋两岸,繁殖季节期间有60%生活在冰岛沿岸.

They’re the smallest of the puffins and the most modest in appearance, even when “dressed up.”

即使“穿好衣服”, “

Their beak—bright orange at the tip—has a blue- gray section surrounded by a line of yellow.

他们尖端有一只青灰色的喙,被一行黄色所包围。

Orange legs and a white face, chest, and belly stand out prominently against their black back and upper wing feathers.

橙色的腿和白色的相貌,胸口和肚皮都突出地站出来,以对抗他们的黑色后翅和上翅羽毛.

Horned puffins inhabit the waters of the North Pacific Ocean, mainly south of the Arctic Circle.

黄蜂海豚栖息于北太平洋水域,主要栖息于北极圈以南.

During the breeding season, they look similar to Atlantic puffins at first glance, with their white face and underside.

在繁殖季节,它们乍一看与大西洋海豚相似,有白色相貌和下垂.

However, a telltale feature is a spike of black “eyelashes” over each eye, giving the impression that horned puffins are wearing exotic makeup.

然而,一个告密的特征是每只眼睛上都有一股黑色的"眼睫毛",给人的印象是,有角的海豚正在穿着异国情调的化妆.

They also have a black line extending from behind each eye to the back of their head.

他们也有一条从每只眼睛后到后脑勺的黑线.

Another identifying characteristic is the large yellow area at the base of their beak, in contrast to the blue-gray of Atlantic puffins.

另一个识别特征是其喙基部有大面积的黄色区域,与大西洋海豚的蓝灰色形成对比.

Adult Atlantic puffins are 10 to 12.

成年大西洋海豚为10到12分.

5 inches (25 to 32 cm) tall.

高5英寸(25至32厘米).

Adult horned puffins average 15 inches (38 cm) tall.

成年角羽花的平均高15英寸(38厘米).

Tufted puffins have the largest geographical range of the puffin species.

羽毛 puff属的地理范围最大.

They live on both sides of the North Pacific Ocean as far north as Alaska and as far south as Japan and central California.

分布于北太平洋两岸以北至阿拉斯加以及以南至日本和加州中部等地.

Unlike Atlantic and horned puffins, tufted puffins have a black chest and belly.

与大西洋和角状海豚不同的是,被角状海豚有黑色的胸部和肚皮.

In winter, they’re black with large red-orange beaks, but the summer breeding season introduces striking changes.

但夏季繁殖季节带来了惊人的变化。

They develop a white facial mask, an olive-yellow beak section, and long, feathery golden plumes above their eyes.

他们培养出白色面罩,橄榄黄色的喙部分,以及长长的,有羽毛的金色羽毛在眼睛上方.

Orange feet and eye rings complete their summer look.

橘子脚和眼睛环 完成了他们的夏季外观。

Rhinoceros auklets are a lesser-known species of puffin.

犀角 puff(学名:Rhinoceros auklets)为 puff科 puff属下的一个种.

Their beak and plumage look dramatically different from the other three types of puffins.

他们的喙和羽毛看起来与其它三种海豚截然不同.

For this reason, they are sometimes classified as close cousins instead of an actual puffin species.

由于这个原因,它们有时被归类为亲近的表亲,而不是实际的海豚物种.

“Rhinos” live along the Pacific coast of North America as well as the coast of Asia near Japan.

“犀牛”生活在北美太平洋沿岸以及日本附近的亚洲沿岸。

During the breeding season, their thin yellow- orange bill has a short vertical “horn” at the base of the upper portion (hence their name).

在繁殖季节,它们的薄黄色-橙色帐单在上部的基部有一个短的垂直"角"(也因此得名).

Rhino plumage is mainly brown—dark on the back and paler on the chest and belly.

犀牛羽毛以棕色为主 -- -- 背面为深色,胸口和腹部为平地。

Two narrow stripes of white feathers adorn each side of their head.

两条白色羽毛的狭长条纹为头部两侧的花纹.

Adult tufted puffins average 15 inches (38 cm) tall.

成人绒毛绒毛平均高15英寸(38厘米).

Adult rhinoceros auklets average 13.

成年犀牛平均13只.

8 to 15 inches (35 to 38 cm) tall.

8至15英寸(35至38厘米)高.

Puffin Habits Puffins usually return from the sea in late March or early April.

Puffin Habits Puffins通常于3月下旬或4月初从海上返回.

During the breeding season, they often live in colonies as large as several thousand birds.

在繁殖季节,它们常生活在有上千只鸟的殖民地.

They usually stay with the same mate and return to the same nesting sites year after year.

它们通常会与同配同住并年复一年地返回同配巢地.

Once they return, each pair prepares a burrow that is about 3 to 6 feet (1 to 2 m) deep where the female lays a single egg.

一旦它们返回,每对会准备一个深约3至6英尺(1至2米)的洞穴,雌鸟会放出一卵.

Tufted and European Atlantic puffins, along with rhinoceros auklets, usually dig burrows in soft soil.

土花和欧式大西洋海豚与犀牛亚科(英语:rhinoceros auklets)一般会把地洞挖入软土.

In contrast, horned and North American Atlantic puffins often nest in rock crevices on coastal cliffs.

相形之下,有角和北美大西洋海豚经常在海岸悬崖上筑巢于岩石裂缝中.

Parents take turns incubating the egg, and both of them feed the chick until it fledges in one to two months.

父母轮流孵出卵子,两人都给小鸡喂食,直到一到两个月后幼鸟才出道.

It is thought that the word puffin comes from the word puff, meaning “swollen.”

认为"平平"一词出自"平平"一词,意为"wo". “

A puffin chick resembles a little round “puffball” because it is covered with thick down feathers.

泡泡妞像一个小圆形"泡泡",

Some sources incorrectly report that puffin parents abandon their chicks at some point; in truth, the chicks leave on their own when they are ready.

一些消息来源错误地报告说,海豚的父母在某个时候抛弃了自己的雏鸟;事实上,雏鸟在准备就绪后会自行离开.

Puffins are fully mature around the age of five and can live for twenty years or more.

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Small fish such as sand eels, herring, and hake are the preferred food of all species of puffins.

细小的鱼如沙鳗、 her和海克是所有海豚种类的首选食物。

The type of fish varies from one puffin colony to another, depending on location and time of year.

鱼的种类因海豚种群的不同而异,取决于年的所在地和时间.

In winter, when fewer fish are available, puffins also eat squid, crustaceans, and marine worms.

在冬季,当鱼少的时候,海豚也会吃鱿鱼,甲壳动物和海洋蠕虫.

Adult puffins eat while underwater.

成年海豚在水下吃饭

They also collect fish to bring to their chicks.

它们也收集鱼 带给它们的雏鸟。

Puffins are known for their fish-stacking abilities and can carry fifteen or more fish in their beak at a time.

普法克人以打鱼能力出名,一次可以携带15条或更多鱼入嘴.

Their rough tongue and the backward-pointing spines on the roof of their mouth help them hold the fish.

它们的粗糙的舌头和嘴顶上后向的脊椎能帮助它们抱住鱼.

A newly hatched puffin is called a puffling!

新孵出一头海豚就叫"海豚"

Puffins can “stack” dozens of fish at a time.

Puffins一次可以"打捞"几十条鱼.

Protecting Puffins Humans have hunted puffins for centuries for their meat, eggs, and feathers.

保护普芬斯人类 已经猎取了花生 几百年的肉,蛋,和羽毛。

In some locations, these seabirds are still hunted.

在一些地方,这些海鸟仍然被猎取.

They now face other dangers as well, one of the most serious of which is a reduced number of food fish.

它们现在也面临着其他危险,其中最严重的是食物鱼数量减少。

Humans are overfishing species of fish that puffins typically eat—in other words, catching many more fish than can be replaced through reproduction.

人类是海豚通常食用的一种过度捕捞的鱼类,换句话说,捕取的鱼类比通过繁殖可以取而代之的鱼要多得多。

Warmer sea temperatures due to climate change are also reducing cold-water fish that are puffins’ main food source.

气候变迁导致海水温度升高,

Some species of fish that are now abundant are too big for chicks to eat.

某些种类的鱼类现在很丰富,对雏鸟来说太大了,不能吃.

Others are less nutritious.

其他人营养不足。

Both situations limit the available food for puffins.

这两种情况都限制了海豚的食物供应。

In addition, puffins get caught in fishing nets, and they are also harmed by pollution.

此外,海豚还被渔网所捕获,它们也受到污染的损害。

Many of their nesting sites have been disturbed by humans.

他们的许多筑巢地被人类所扰动.

Another serious threat is other predators, including gulls, eagles, rats, and foxes.

另一个严重威胁是其他捕食者,包括鸥,鹰,老鼠和狐狸.

In regions where puffins live, people are working to address the problems so these amazing seabirds can continue to be part of our world.

在海豚所居住的地区,人们正在努力解决这些问题,以便这些惊人的海鸟能够继续成为我们世界的一部分。

They are unique members of Earth’s natural community.

他们是地球自然界的独特成员。

They are also important indicators of the health of our oceans.

它们也是我们海洋健康的重要指标。

When the oceans are healthy, puffins thrive.

当海洋健康时,海豚会蓬勃发展.

Meet a Puffin Expert Wildlife scientist and puffin expert Dr.

这位是Puffin野生生物专家 和Puffin专家博士

Stephen Kress first became interested in nature in fourth grade.

斯蒂芬·克雷斯(Stephen Kress)在四年级开始对自然产生兴趣.

He saw that spreading suburbs near his home were wiping out natural habitats.

他看见他家附近的郊区正在蔓延, 自然栖息地正在消失。

As he learned more about nature, he decided to pursue a career in wildlife.

随着他更多地了解自然,他决定从事野生动物事业.

In the early 1970s, Dr.

在20世纪70年代初,博士.

Kress visited Eastern Egg Rock, a small island off the coast of Maine.

克雷斯参观了缅因州近海的一个小岛"东卵岩".

Atlantic puffins had lived there one hundred years earlier.

大西洋海豚在一百年前就住在那里了

Dr.

医生

Kress wondered if it might be possible to bring them back.

Kress想知道能否把他们带回来

He founded Project Puffin and used imaginative techniques—including “thinking like a puffin”—to bring these seabirds back to Eastern Egg Rock.

他创办了Puffin项目,并使用了富有想象力的技术——包括“想得像海豚”,将这些海鸟带回东蛋岩。

As of 2014, the island had 148 breeding pairs.

截至2014年,该岛有148对繁殖对.

Project Puffin is sponsored by the National Audubon Society, which works to protect birds, other wildlife, and their habitats.

普芬项目由致力于保护鸟类,其他野生动物及其栖息地的国家奥杜邦学会赞助.

To learn more about Project Puffin, visit the program’s website: http://projectpuffin.

要了解更多有关Puffin项目的情况,请访问该程序的网站:http://projectpuffin。

audubon.

奥杜邦

org/.

沃尔克/.

Seeing Puffins To see puffins in the wild, keep in mind that they’re out at sea for a good part of each year.

见"花花公子" 在野外看到海豚,

They’re only on land during the breeding season.

在繁殖季节,

They’ll mainly be found on remote cliffs and islands, but it’s worth the effort if you can get there.

他们主要在偏远的悬崖和岛屿上发现,

Choose a place that allows wildlife viewing, and be careful not to disturb nesting birds.

选择一个允许野生动物取景的地方,并注意不扰入巢鸟.

People may hike many miles to see puffins and only catch a faraway glimpse of one or two.

人们可能徒步走多英里去见海豚 只能遥遥地看到一两只

You may have an easier time seeing them on a boat tour, and you’ll likely be able to observe them from a closer distance.

你可能比较容易在船上看到他们,

Tour operators know the best places to find puffins, and they’ll share many details regarding the habits of these birds.

旅游运营商知道寻找海豚的最佳地点,

Wherever you go to see puffins, be sure to bring binoculars and a camera.

无论你去哪里看海豚 都要带望远镜和相机

These pint-sized clowns are guaranteed to amuse and fascinate.

这些平特大小的小丑保证能取笑和取悦.

Glossary antics (n.)

词汇表(n.)

playful, silly, outrageous, or foolish behavior (p.

玩弄,愚蠢,无耻,或愚蠢行为(p.

4) breeding a time of the year when animals season (n.)

4)繁殖一年中动物季节(n.

of a particular species reproduce (p.

特定物种的繁殖(p.

6) burrow (n.)

6) 洞穴 (n.

a hole dug in the ground by an animal for use as a home (p.

一个被动物从地上挖出作为家用(p.

11) climate the long-term, lasting changes change (n.)

11) 长期而持久的变化(n.)

in Earth’s weather patterns or the weather patterns of a region (p.

在地球天气模式或某一区域的天气模式中(p.

13) coastal (adj.)

13) 沿海 (adj.

having to do with the coast of a sea or ocean (p.

与一海或一海洋的海岸有关(p.

6) colonies (n.)

6) 殖民地 (n.

groups of animals that live together (p.

共同生活的动物群体(p.

6) demeanor (n.)

6) 贬义 (n.

the way or manner in which a person behaves (p.

一个人的行为方式或方式(p.

4) fledges (v.)

4) 逃难者(五.

grows flight feathers; matures until able to fly and leave the nest (p.

生长出飞行羽;成熟至能飞行出巢(p.

11) gait (n.)

11) 步(n.

the manner in which a person or other animal walks or runs (p.

人或其他动物的行走或跑步方式(p.

4) incubating (v.)

4)孵化(五.

keeping an egg at a constant temperature until it hatches (p.

将一卵保持恒温直至孵出(p.

11) plumage (n.)

11) 羽毛(n.

the feathers on a bird’s body (p.

鸟身上的羽毛(p.

4) tufted (adj.)

4)被打倒(adj.

having a cluster of strands such as feathers, hair, or grass that grow close together (p.

有羽毛,毛发等一串线条,或生长相近的草(p.

9) An Atlantic puffin stands outside its den on a coastal cliff in Iceland.

9) 一只大西洋海豚站在其地穴外的冰岛海岸悬崖上.