Puerto Rico
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Introduction.
导言表。
4 A Wealth of Beaches and Mountains.
4 《海滩和山脉财富》。
5 A Spanish “Port of Riches”.
5 西班牙 " 富国港 " 。
7 War and Industry.
7"战争与工业".
9 Life in Paradise.
9"天堂的生活".
11 Paradise Lost?
11个"失乐园"?
13 Conclusion.
13 结论。
15 Glossary.
15 词汇。
16 Introduction Close your eyes and picture a tropical paradise.
导言 闭上眼睛,想象一个热带的天堂
Imagine swaying palm trees and sandy beaches.
想象一下摇摆的棕榈树和沙滩
Beyond the shore, misty mountain peaks rise above green slopes.
岸外有雾山峰起于绿地坡上.
The calls of exotic wildlife float on warm breezes.
异地野生生物的呼声 在温暖的微风上飘来飘去
Welcome to Puerto Rico, a tropical territory of the United States.
欢迎来到美国热带领地波多黎各.
A Wealth of Beaches and Mountains Puerto Rico lies on the border between the Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea.
波多黎各的海滩和山脉财富位于大西洋和加勒比海的边界上。
It sits 805 kilometers (500 mi.)
它坐落于805公里(500米.
north of Venezuela, South America, and a little over 1,609 kilometers (1,000 mi.)
距委内瑞拉以北,南美,相距1,609多公里(1,000米.
southeast of Florida, in the United States.
位于美国佛罗里达州东南部.
Unlike Florida, however, Puerto Rico is not a state.
然而,与佛罗里达州不同,波多黎各不是一个州.
It is a type of protected territory known as a commonwealth.
它是一类被称为联邦的被保护地.
This means that Puerto Rico has its own government and flag, but its people are considered United States citizens.
这意味着波多黎各有自己的政府和旗帜,但其人民被视为美国公民.
Puerto Ricans who travel abroad do so with a United States passport.
在国外旅行的波多黎各人持美国护照。
Most people think of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico as a single island.
大多数人认为波多黎各联邦是一个单一的岛屿.
It’s actually an archipelago—a cluster of 143 islands, cays, and atolls.
由143个岛屿、珊瑚礁和环礁组成。
Only the three biggest islands—Puerto Rico, Vieques, and Culebra—are inhabited.
只有三个最大的岛屿——波多黎各、别克斯和库莱布拉——有人居住。
The largest of these, Puerto Rico, is where most people live.
其中最大的波多黎各是大多数人所住的地方。
Beautiful Navio Beach on Vieques Island, Puerto Rico Atolls and cays are landmasses found in tropical waters.
别克斯岛美丽的纳维奥海滩,波多黎各环礁和珊瑚礁是发现于热带水域的地块.
They are formed by coral.
它们由珊瑚所形成.
An atoll is a ring- shaped coral reef surrounding a lagoon.
环礁是环状珊瑚礁,环绕环礁湖.
A cay is a low, sandy islet that sits on the surface of a coral reef.
礁是位于珊瑚礁表面的低地沙质岛屿。
The main island of Puerto Rico is approximately 161 kilometers (100 mi.)
波多黎各主岛约161公里(100米.
long and 56 kilometers (35 mi.)
长和56公里(35海里)
wide.
宽度。
It is almost as big as Jamaica, one of its neighbors to the west.
它几乎与牙买加一样大,牙买加是其西部邻国之一。
Like Jamaica, Puerto Rico has miles of beaches and mountains.
和牙买加一样,波多黎各有数英里的海滩和山脉.
Its coastline runs for 438 kilometers (272 mi.)
其海岸线长达438公里(272米.
and features nearly three hundred beaches.
并有近300个海滩。
The Cordillera Central (kor-dee-YAIR-ah sen-TRAHL) mountains cross Puerto Rico.
Cordillera Central (kor-dee-YAIR-ah sen-TRAHL)山脉横跨波多黎各.
They divide the island into north and south.
他们将该岛分为南北两部分.
The northern and southern parts of Puerto Rico have slightly different climates.
波多黎各北部和南部的气候略有不同.
The north gets plenty of rain, and its rivers flow year-round.
北部多有雨水,其河流全年流出.
The southern part of the island does not get as much rain.
岛上南部的降雨量没有那么多.
Rivers there tend to dry up during the hot summer months.
那里的河流在炎热的夏季月份往往会干涸.
A Spanish “Port of Riches” The earliest-known people who lived in Puerto Rico were the Taíno (tah-EE-noh).
西班牙 " 富国港 " 居住在波多黎各的最早知名人物是泰诺人(tah-EE-noh).
Peaceful tribes of Taíno lived in settlements and farmed the land.
和平的Taíno部落居住在定居点并耕种土地。
They grew crops such as cassava, yams, and beans.
他们种植了木薯, ya和豆等作物.
The waters around the island provided them with fish and other seafood.
岛上的水域为他们提供了鱼和其他海鲜.
In 1493, Christopher Columbus arrived at the island.
1493年,克里斯多弗·哥伦布到达了该岛.
He conquered it for Spain and named it San Juan Bautista (bou-TEE-stah) after St.
他为西班牙征服了它,并用"圣"来取名"圣胡安·鲍蒂斯塔"(bou-TEE-stah).
John the Baptist.
浸信会的约翰
Soon, gold was discovered in the island’s rivers.
很快,在岛上的河流中发现了黄金.
The Spanish renamed the island Puerto Rico, meaning “rich port.”
西班牙人将波多黎各岛更名为“富港”。
San Juan, the island’s main city, became its capital.
该岛的主要城市圣胡安成为了它的首都.
The arrival of Europeans signaled the decline of the Taíno.
欧洲人的到来标志着泰诺人的衰落.
Many were forced into slavery or killed by the Spanish.
许多人被西班牙人逼入奴隶或被他们杀害.
The main reason for the decline, however, was exposure to smallpox.
然而,下降的主要原因是感染了天花.
By 1519, one-third of the Taíno had died of the disease.
至1519年,有三分之一的泰诺人已经死于此病.
Christopher Columbus presents gifts to the Taíno people.
克里斯多夫·哥伦布向塔伊诺人赠送礼物.
The promise of gold drew Spanish settlers to the island.
黄金的许诺使西班牙定居者来到了该岛.
Puerto Rico soon became the busiest port in the Caribbean.
波多黎各很快成为加勒比地区最繁忙的港口.
Its location along major trade routes made it a valuable territory.
其地处主要贸易路线一带,成为宝贵的领土.
The Spanish built many forts to protect the island and prevent other countries from invading it.
西班牙人建造了多座要塞来保护该岛并阻止其他国家入侵.
In the mid-nineteenth century, the biggest threat to Spain’s control of the island came not from outside but from within.
在十九世纪中叶,西班牙控制该岛的最大威胁不是来自外界,而是来自内部.
A pro-independence group staged an armed rebellion.
一个主张独立的团体发动了武装叛乱.
It declared the island the new Republic of Puerto Rico in 1868.
它于1868年宣布该岛为波多黎各新共和国.
The Spanish quickly put down the rebellion and arrested those responsible.
西班牙人迅速平息了叛乱并逮捕了肇事者.
The forts of Old San Juan are the oldest European-style defenses in the United States territory.
老圣胡安要塞是美国境内最古老的欧洲式防御工事.
War and Industry Spain’s rule, however, was brief.
然而,西班牙的战争和工业统治是短暂的。
In 1898, the USS Maine, an American ship, sunk near Cuba.
1898年,美舰缅因号在古巴附近被击沉.
Many people in the United States thought Spain had shot at the ship, causing it to sink.
美国许多人认为西班牙已经向这艘船开枪,导致其下沉.
The United States declared war on Spain.
美国向西班牙宣战.
By the end of the year, Spain had lost the Spanish-American War and all its foreign territories.
至同年底,西班牙已经失去了西班牙-美国战争及其所有外地.
The Treaty of Paris gave the United States sovereignty over Puerto Rico.
巴黎条约赋予了美国对波多黎各的主权.
Puerto Ricans were granted United States citizenship in 1917.
1917年波多黎各人被授予美国公民身份.
They do not have all of the rights of citizens in the fifty states, however.
然而,他们在50个州并不享有所有公民权利。
Those living in Puerto Rico cannot vote in federal elections.
生活在波多黎各的人不能在联邦选举中投票。
They do not have a voting representative in Congress.
他们在国会中没有投票代表。
Puerto Ricans have held votes to see how people feel about becoming a state.
波多黎各人持有选票,
In 1998, 2012, and 2017, a majority was in favor of becoming the United States’ fifty-first state.
1998年,2012年和2017年,大多数人赞成成为美国第51个州.
Statehood Puerto Ricans have voiced their support for statehood, but the decision isn’t theirs alone.
波多黎各 但这一决定并非他们自己决定。
Puerto Rico’s own legislature must first give its consent and create a state constitution that meets federal approval.
波多黎各自己的立法机构必须首先表示同意,并制订符合联邦批准的州宪法。
Then the United States Congress would need to pass a law admitting Puerto Rico as the nation’s fifty-first state.
因此美国国会需要通过一项法律,承认波多黎各为全国第51个州。
As a territory, Puerto Rico comes under the protection of the American military.
作为一个领土,波多黎各受到美国军方的保护。
The United States Navy set up operations on the island.
美国 海军在岛上建立了行动.
During World War II (1939–1945), nearly two-thirds of the island was used as a naval base.
二战期间(1939–1945),该岛近三分之二被作为海军基地.
For sixty years, the navy held exercises on Puerto Rico.
60年来,海军在波多黎各进行了演习。
Today, many of the areas once used for military drills are now wildlife refuges.
今天,许多曾经用于军事演习的地区现在都是野生动物避难所.
There have been other changes as well.
还有其他变化。
In the mid-twentieth century, the government began a program to bring industry to Puerto Rico.
在20世纪中叶,政府开始了一项将工业带入波多黎各的方案.
This program, Operation Bootstrap, helped the economy shift from a focus on farming to manufacturing and tourism.
这个名为 " 靴子行动 " 的方案帮助经济从注重农业转向制造业和旅游业。
Life on the U.
生命在U。 生命在U。
S.
师曰.
Mainland vs.
内地对战.
Puerto Rico United States Mainland Island of Puerto Rico English is the most widely used language.
波多黎各 美国内地岛屿波多黎各英语是使用最广泛的语言.
Both Spanish and English are the most widely used languages.
西班牙语和英语都是使用最广泛的语言.
Gasoline is sold by the gallon.
汽油由加仑出售.
Gasoline is sold by the liter.
汽油由升出售出.
Olympians compete under the United States flag.
奥运会在美国国旗下进行比赛.
Olympians compete under the Puerto Rican flag.
奥运会以波多黎各国旗参赛.
Adult citizens can vote in presidential elections.
成年公民可以在总统选举中投票.
Adult citizens cannot vote in presidential elections.
成年公民不能在总统选举中投票.
Many working adults pay federal income tax.
许多工作成年人缴纳联邦所得税.
Many working adults do not pay federal income tax.
许多工作成年人不缴纳联邦所得税.
Life in Paradise Tourists help support the island’s economy in a big way.
天堂旅游者的生活有助于大大支持岛上的经济。
San Juan is a major port for cruise ships.
圣胡安是游轮的主要港口.
The beauty and temperate climate of Puerto Rico draw millions of visitors from the mainland United States and beyond.
波多黎各的美丽和温和气候吸引了数百万来自美国本土及以外的游客.
Nature lovers go to explore El Yunque (JOONG-ke), the only tropical rainforest that is part of the U.
自然爱好者去探索El Yunque (JOONG-KE),这是美国唯一的热带雨林.
S.
师曰.
National Forest System.
国家森林体系.
Tourists also enjoy celebrating the culture of the island.
游客还享受庆祝岛上文化.
From bomba y plena to salsa, music and dancing are everywhere.
从bomba y plena到 salsa, 音乐和舞蹈到处都是。
Tasty food that is part of cocina criolla (koh-SEE-nah kree-OH-yah) cooking mixes flavors from traditional African, Spanish, and Taíno dishes.
属于cocina criolla (koh-SEE-nah kree-OH-yah) 的口味,
The Coqui Frog Pasteles (pah-STE-less), made from green- banana dough that is stuffed with meat and wrapped in banana leaves, are a Christmas treat in Puerto Rico.
由用肉和香蕉叶包裹而成的绿色香蕉面团,
The tiny coqui (koh-KEE) frog is a cultural symbol of Puerto Rico.
细小的coqui(koh-Kee)青蛙是波多黎各的文化象征.
Images of the coqui can be found in Taíno carvings that date back centuries.
科奎克的图像可见于可追溯到几个世纪的Taíno雕刻.
The coqui inhabits the forests and is named for its high-pitched call.
科奎人栖息于森林中,以其高声呼唤而得名.
This little frog is so ingrained in Puerto Rican culture that when locals want to explain their heritage, they say, “Soy de aquí como el coqui!”
这只小青蛙在波多黎各文化中根深蒂固,
(I’m from here, as is the coqui!)
我来自这里,
The rich history and architecture of San Juan, the island’s capital, make it a popular destination for visitors.
该岛首都圣胡安的丰富历史和建筑使其成为游客的热门目的地.
Parts of the city are enclosed by huge walls built by the Spanish for protection from invaders.
城市的部分地区被西班牙人为防范入侵者而建造的巨大城墙所包围.
The city of Ponce is known for its beautiful fountains.
蓬塞市以美丽的喷泉而出名.
Ponce’s Castillo Serrallés (kahs- TEE-yoh se-rah-YES), a former Spanish castle, serves as a museum for the sugar cane and rum industries.
Ponce's Castillo Serrallés(西班牙語:kahs-TEE-yoh se-rah-YES)是西班牙前城堡,为甘蔗和朗姆酒业的博物馆.
These industries helped establish Puerto Rico as a major trading port.
这些产业有助于波多黎各成为一个主要贸易港口。
San Juan is home to the largest rum producers in the world.
圣胡安是世界上最大的朗姆酒出产地.
Outdoor activities such as surfing and boating are quite popular, but Puerto Ricans are also big fans of baseball.
冲浪和划船等户外活动相当受欢迎,但波多黎各人也是棒球的大粉丝.
The first organized baseball game in Puerto Rico was played in January 1898—before the island became part of the United States!
波多黎各第一场有组织的棒球赛是在1898年1月——在该岛成为美国的一部分之前所打出!
The sport’s popularity has produced standout players who have had successful careers in the American major leagues.
运动的受欢迎程度使得那些在美国主要联赛中有过成功职业生涯的出名球员.
Paradise Lost?
失去天堂了吗?
Puerto Rico’s tropical location places it in the path of not only warm trade winds but also tropical storms.
波多黎各的热带位置使它不仅处于温暖的贸易风中,而且处于热带风暴中。
The late summer and early fall months are storm season in the Caribbean.
夏季后期和秋季初数月是加勒比地区的风暴季.
Over the years, Puerto Rico has been battered by the fierce winds and heavy rains of hurricanes.
多年来,波多黎各被飓风的狂风和暴雨所打击.
One of the worst storms was Hurricane Maria in 2017.
2017年最恶劣的风暴之一是飓风玛丽亚.
It was the tenth-strongest Atlantic hurricane ever recorded.
这是有史以来记录到的第十强大西洋飓风.
Maria was a Category 4 storm when it hit the island on September 20.
玛丽亚于9月20日袭击该岛时曾是四级风暴.
Winds of 249 kilometers per hour (155 mph) tore buildings to shreds.
风速每小时249公里(155 mph)将建筑物撕成碎块.
Flooding decimated coastal villages.
洪水淹没被摧毁的沿海村庄。
Hundreds of Puerto Ricans lost their lives or were reported missing.
数百名波多黎各人丧生或据报失踪。
What was once an island paradise became a major disaster zone.
曾经的岛屿天堂变成了一个主要的灾区.
Hurricane Maria was the worst natural disaster in Puerto Rico’s history.
飓风玛丽亚是波多黎各历史上最严重的自然灾害.
Getting help to surviving residents was difficult.
帮助幸存的居民是困难的。
Airports and roadways were covered with debris and were heavily damaged.
机场和道路被碎片覆盖并被严重损坏。
Power lines had been destroyed, making communication almost impossible.
供电线路被摧毁,几乎无法进行通信。
A lack of fresh water caused health concerns.
缺乏淡水引起了健康问题。
People were upset with the local and federal governments for not being prepared and for not responding quickly.
民众对地方和联邦政府不准备和不迅速回应感到不快.
National and international agencies assembled to help the people of Puerto Rico.
国家和国际机构聚集在一起帮助波多黎各人民。
Military helicopters carried victims to hospital ships anchored offshore.
军用直升机将受害者送往停靠在岸的医院船只。
Helicopters also dropped supplies to locations that could not be reached by road.
直升机还向无法通过公路到达的地点运送了用品。
Utility crews from the U.
通用机组从U.
S.
师曰.
mainland were flown in to help repair power lines and restore electricity.
大陆飞入帮助修复电线并恢复电力.
Help came from other sources as well.
其他来源也提供了帮助。
Celebrities and athletes with ties to the island raised funds to help victims of the hurricane.
与该岛有关系的名人和运动员集资帮助飓风灾民.
Still, the recovery process was slow.
然而,恢复进程仍然缓慢。
Months after Maria hit, half the island was still without electricity.
玛丽亚被击中数月后,半个岛上仍然没有电.
Since Hurricane Maria, residents of Puerto Rico must collect clean water at distribution points around the island.
飓风以来 玛丽亚,波多黎各的居民必须在岛上周围的分水点取取出干净的水.
Conclusion Puerto Ricans know how to deal with hardships.
波多黎各 哥斯达黎加人知道如何应付困难。
The island is a land rich in resources.
该岛是资源丰富的地.
The most valuable resource, though, is its people.
然而,最宝贵的资源是其人民。
Over time, the spirit and love Puerto Ricans feel for their homeland will help them rebuild their island.
随着时间的推移,波多黎各人对祖国的感情和热爱将帮助他们重建自己的岛屿。
Puerto Rico will once again be the welcoming paradise it has always been.
波多黎各将再次成为它一贯欢迎的天堂。
Pablo Casals (1876–1973) was a world- famous cellist.
巴勃罗·卡萨尔斯(1876–1973)是一位世界著名的大提琴家.
Although he was born in Spain, he made Ceiba, Puerto Rico, his home in the late 1950s.
虽然他生于西班牙,但他还是于1950年代末将波多黎各的塞巴建成了自己的家.
He founded the Puerto Rico Symphony Orchestra and established a music conservatory.
他创立了波多黎各交响乐团并建立了音乐音乐学院.
Isolina Ferré (1914–2000) was the daughter of a prominent politician.
伊索琳娜·费雷(1914–2000)是著名政治家的女儿.
She became a Catholic nun and is known as the “Mother Teresa of Puerto Rico” for establishing clinics and schools for poor people.
她成为天主教修女并被称作“波多黎各特蕾莎母亲”,为穷人建立诊所和学校。
In 1999, she received the Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Bill Clinton for her work.
1999年,她因工作获得比尔·克林顿总统颁发的总统自由勋章.
Roberto Clemente (1934–1972) was a successful professional baseball player for the Pittsburgh Pirates.
罗伯托·克莱门特(Roberto Clemente (1934–1972))是匹兹堡海盗队的一个成功的职业棒球运动员.
He spent the off-season doing charitable work in the Caribbean and Latin America.
他在季后赛期间在加勒比海和拉丁美洲从事慈善工作.
He died in a plane crash while delivering aid to earthquake victims in Nicaragua.
他在向尼加拉瓜地震灾民运送援助物资时坠机身亡.
Each year, Major League Baseball presents the Roberto Clemente Award to a player who, like Clemente, is personally involved in helping others.
每年,主力联赛棒球将罗伯托·克莱门特奖颁给像克莱门特一样亲自参与帮助他人的球员.
Some Notable Puerto Ricans Pablo Casals Isolina Ferré Roberto Clemente Glossary archipelago (n.)
一些有名的波多黎各人 Pablo Casals Isolina Ferré Roberto Clemente 词汇群岛 (n.)
a cluster or chain of islands (p.
岛群或岛链(p.
5) commonwealth (n.)
5) 联邦 (n.