Pirates and Privateers
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Introduction.
导言表。
4 The “Golden Age” of Piracy.
4 海盗“黄金时代”。
5 Pirates Attack!
5个海盗攻击!
8 Life on a Pirate Ship.
海盗船上的8条命
12 Well-Known Pirates.
12个熟识的海盗
17 Conclusion.
17 结论。
22 Explore More.
22 探索更多。
23 Glossary.
23 词汇表。
24 Introduction What do you think of when you think of pirates?
导言 你觉得海盗怎么样?
Buried treasure?
埋藏的宝藏?
Ships with mighty sails?
有强力帆船吗?
Black flags with a skull and crossbones?
有头骨和横骨的黑旗?
Have you ever wondered what it was like to be a pirate?
你有没有想过当海盗是什么感觉?
Pirates seemed to love adventure.
海盗似乎喜欢冒险。
They were often vicious men and women who were robbers and murderers.
他们常常是凶恶的男女,他们是强盗和杀人犯。
Pirates sometimes are glamorized in movies and books.
海盗有时被电影和书籍所闪耀.
But they were scoundrels, and the lives they lived were not that pleasant.
但他们是无赖, 他们的生活不是那么愉快。
Their lifestyles often resulted in great discomfort and even death.
他们的生活方式经常导致极大的不适甚至死亡.
The “Golden Age” of Pirates Throughout history, pirates have sailed the seas all over the world.
在整个历史上,海盗的“黄金时代”在世界各地航行。
From the 1500s to the 1700s, many famous pirates raided ships and ports in the Caribbean Sea.
从1500年代到1700年代,许多有名的海盗袭击了加勒比海的船只和港口.
This was called the “Golden Age” of pirates.
这被称为海盗的“黄金时代”。
During the “Golden Age,” Spain colonized large parts of Central and South America.
在 " 黄金时代 " ,西班牙将中美洲和南美洲的大部分地区殖民化。
The Spaniards were very interested in the spices, gold, and silver found in the Americas.
西班牙人对美洲发现的香料,黄金和白银非常感兴趣.
In order to get these treasures, they forced the native people to work in mines and to gather spices.
为了得到这些珍宝,他们强迫原住民去矿山打工并收集香料.
They also stole gold and silver from the native people.
他们还从当地人那里偷取了金银.
The English and French royalty learned that Spain was getting rich from gold, silver, and spices from the Americas.
英法皇室得知西班牙从美洲出产的黄金,白银和香料得到丰收.
They wanted gold for their empires, too.
他们也想要他们的帝国的黄金
At the same time, there were a lot of unemployed sailors.
同时有许多失业的水手.
The sailors were looking for adventure and a chance to get rich.
水手们正在寻找冒险和发财的机会.
Privateer Henry Morgan makes an assault on the Venezuelan settlement of Gibraltar with his crew of buccaneers in 1669.
1669年,二等兵亨利·摩根用他的布卡内尔船员袭击了委内瑞拉的直布罗陀定居点。
The Queen of England developed a plan to get some of the wealth the Spanish were bringing across the Atlantic Ocean on their ships.
英格兰女王制定了一项计划,以获得西班牙人所带给他们的舰只上跨大西洋的一些财富.
Her plan called for hiring unemployed sailors and providing them with ships to attack the Spanish ships.
她的计划要求雇佣失业的水手,并为他们提供船只来攻击西班牙船只.
In England, these sailors were called privateers.
在英国,这些水手被称为私生子.
In Spain, they were called pirates.
在西班牙,他们被称为"海盗".
Many of the ships leaving the Americas loaded with riches passed through the Caribbean Sea.
许多从美洲驶出、装载有财富的船只经过加勒比海。
Since the Caribbean was full of small islands, it was a perfect place for pirates to hang out.
由于加勒比地区充满了小岛,海盗们可以在这里游玩。
It was also a perfect place from which to launch attacks on Spanish ships passing among the islands.
该岛也是对从群岛中经过的西班牙船只发动攻击的极好地点。
Pirates Attack!
海盗攻击!
Pirates quickly gained a reputation of being ruthless villains.
海盗很快获得了无情恶棍的名声.
Sailors on other ships were filled with fear when they saw a pirate ship approaching.
其他船上的海员看到一艘海盗船接近时满是恐惧.
They had heard tales of pirates and their nasty deeds.
他们听到海盗的故事 和他们的恶行。
Most of the ships being attacked were cargo ships that lacked weapons for fighting off the pirates.
大多数被袭击的船只都是没有武器来打击海盗的货船.
The sailors knew there was little they could do to stop the pirates.
水手们知道他们几乎无法阻止海盗
Some pirates used smaller and swifter boats for night attacks.
一些海盗用更小更快的船进行夜间袭击.
They would come alongside a cargo ship in the darkness of night.
他们会在黑夜中和一艘货船一起来
Then they would quickly seize the ship and kill many of the unsuspecting crew.
然后他们就会很快地夺取了这艘船,并杀死了许多毫无怀疑的船员.
Sir Francis Drake, privateer for the Queen of England, captures Spanish treasure ships.
英国女王的私家侦探弗朗西斯·德雷克爵士捕获了西班牙的珍宝船.
Henry Morgan attacks a ship.
亨利摩根攻击一艘船
Once on board, pirates used many kinds of weapons to take over a ship.
上船后,海盗使用多种武器来接管一艘船.
One of the most common weapons was a cutlass.
最常见的武器之一是刀具。
A cutlass is similar to a small sword.
切口与小剑相类似.
It was used for close-up, hand-to- hand fighting.
它被用于特写,手相打.
Pirates also used guns, such as flintlock pistols and flintlock muskets.
海盗还用过火枪,如火克手枪和火克枪.
The muskets fired balls made of lead.
火枪发射出由铅制成的球.
The balls were loaded into the barrel one at a time and shot out with exploding gunpowder.
球被装入一号炮管,并用爆炸式火药射出.
Sometimes pirates made crude grenades that they used in their attacks.
有时海盗制造出他们在攻击中使用的粗糙手榴弹.
Many people were wounded or killed in pirate battles.
许多人在海盗战斗中受伤或被杀死.
Sometimes, pirates would take hostages.
有时海盗会劫持人质
They might even force members of a ship’s crew to join the pirate crew.
他们甚至可能强迫船员加入海盗船员行列。
Usually, pirates would simply tie up crew and passengers and then take anything of value to their ship.
通常,海盗只会把船员和乘客捆绑起来,然后把任何有价值的东西带到他们的船上去.
On occasion, pirates attacking in small boats would hijack the entire ship.
有时,用小船袭击的海盗会劫持整艘船。
These ships were then used to attack other ships.
这些舰只随后被用来攻击其他舰只.
Before they boarded a ship, pirates fired a warning shot from a cannon.
在他们上船前,海盗从炮台上鸣枪警告.
They hoped that the captain and crew of the ship would simply give up their cargo without a fight.
他们希望舰长和船员可以简单地不战而退.
Cannon shots were also used to destroy masts and rigging on the other ship.
炮火还被用来摧毁桅杆并操纵另一艘船。
Pirates then threw smoke bombs onto the ship’s deck to confuse and frighten the crew.
海盗随后将烟雾弹扔到船甲板上以混淆和吓倒船员。
The pirates then used grappling hooks to climb aboard the ship.
海盗们然后用钩子爬上船
Pirates favored small, fast ships such as sloops, which could easily overtake any ship they wanted to capture.
海盗偏好小型快船,如"快船"等,这些快船可以轻易地超过他们想捕获的任何一艘船.
Roche Brasiliano holds a cutlass.
罗什·巴西利亚诺拿着一把刀
It was the love of gold that caused most pirates—and the queens and kings who hired them—to steal.
正是金子之所爱使大多数海盗——以及雇佣他们的后人和国王——偷窃。
But pirates stole many other items of value.
但海盗偷走了许多其他有价值的物品.
The ships that were attacked often carried silver and precious gems, such as emeralds and pearls.
被攻击的船只经常会携带银和珍贵的宝石,如翡翠和珍珠.
They also carried tobacco, wine, brandy, coffee, tea, spices, and expensive fabrics such as velvet and linen.
他们还携带了烟草,葡萄酒,白兰地,咖啡,茶叶,香料等昂贵的织物和花绒和亚麻等.
Pirates sold or traded most of these goods.
海盗出售或交易了大部分这些商品.
They also kept some for their personal use.
他们还保留了一些供个人使用。
Life on a Pirate Ship To some people, a pirate’s life may seem exciting.
海盗船上的生活 海盗的生活似乎令人兴奋。
But a pirate’s life was not very glamorous.
但海盗的生活并不光彩。
They were criminals who were hated as much as they were feared.
他们是罪犯,他们受到的憎恨和恐惧。
They had to constantly be on guard and often couldn’t even trust their fellow crew members.
他们必须时刻保持警惕,
The work was hard and dangerous.
工作艰难而危险。
Many pirates lost legs, arms, fingers, eyes, and even their lives in fierce battles.
许多海盗在激烈的战斗中失去了腿,手臂,手指,眼睛,甚至生命.
Living conditions were not very pleasant, either.
生活条件也不太令人满意。
They often lived in dirty, smelly quarters.
他们常常生活在肮脏而臭臭的住所里。
A drawing of Captain Kidd hiding his treasure.
一张Kidd上尉藏起他宝藏的画
During a violent storm in the Caribbean, the mast of a ship would sometimes snap.
在加勒比海暴风雨中 船桅有时会断裂
The crew would have to climb into the dangerous rigging to cut the broken masts free so they would not capsize the ship.
船员们必须爬入险恶的钻机 以解开断裂的桅杆 这样他们就不会把船盖上
Pirates on a ship were assigned different jobs.
船上的海盗被分配不同的工作。
One person was always assigned to stand watch.
一个人总是被指派去守望
This person would cling to rope ladders high above the deck to look for enemies or ships to raid.
这个人会紧紧抓住甲板上方的绳子梯来寻找敌人或船只来突袭.
Another person, called a helmsman, steered the ship with a lever called a tiller.
另一人,叫做舵手,用一个叫"耕轮"的杠杆来引导船只.
The cooper was the person who made, repaired, and sealed all of the barrels on the ship.
库珀是制造、修理和封存船上所有桶的人。
Most of the food and drink was stored in barrels.
大多数食物和饮料被储存在桶中。
The cooper had to make sure the barrels were well-made and sealed.
库珀不得不确保桶被妥善制造并密封.
Otherwise, the food or drink might go bad.
否则,食物或饮料可能会变糟.
There were other jobs, too, such as mending the sails, cooking for the crew, caulking the wooden deck planks, and pumping water from the bottom of the ship.
还有其他工作,如修起帆来,为船员做饭,烧起木板,从船底取出水来.
But when the work was done, pirates had time for eating, drinking, and entertainment.
但当工作完成后,海盗们有时间吃喝喝玩乐.
They ate meals together and drank liquor or wine.
他们一起吃饭 喝起酒来
They played games such as dice or cards.
他们玩骰子或牌等游戏.
They also played musical instruments, sang, and danced.
他们还演奏了乐器、唱歌和舞蹈。
Pirates were often lively and rowdy at mealtimes.
海盗在吃饭时经常很活泼活泼活泼.
Like all sailors, pirates lived in close spaces with little privacy.
与所有水手一样,海盗们生活在近距离的空间中,几乎没有隐私.
They slept in hammocks.
他们睡了吊床。
Their personal belongings, such as shaving kits and clothing, were stored in sea chests.
他们的个人物品,例如剃须包和衣服被存放在海口.
Pirates celebrating One of the many specialized jobs on a pirate ship was making and mending sails.
海盗庆祝 海盗船上的很多专业工作之一 正在制造并修补帆船
The sailmaker also made and mended flags.
起帆者还制作并修补了旗帜.
Pirates often stole clothes from people on other ships.
海盗经常从其他船上的人那里偷取衣服.
The crew dressed differently than the captain.
船员的服装与船长不同.
They needed comfortable and practical clothes.
他们需要舒适而实用的衣服。
A typical pirate wore simple shoes and pants, plus a waist sash and a jacket with wood or bone buttons.
典型的海盗穿了简单的鞋子和裤子,外加腰部的纱布和有木头或骨扣的夹克.
Crew members often wore scarves over their heads.
船员常常会戴着头巾。
The captain usually wore much fancier clothing.
船长一般都穿着更风扇的衣服
Some captains liked to wear silk pants and shirts with lace cuffs and gold buttons.
一些队长喜欢穿丝绸裤和有蕾丝手铐和金扣的衬衫.
They often wore shoes with silver buckles.
他们经常穿有银扣的鞋.
Many pirate captains grew their hair long.
许多海盗船长长出长发.
They liked to tie it with ribbon to make it look like a gentleman’s wig.
他们喜欢用丝带绑起来,
Not all pirates were men.
并非所有海盗都是男人。
There were a few women pirates, as well.
还有几个女海盗
Most pirate ships did not allow women on board, so women pirates had to disguise themselves by dressing like men.
大多数海盗船只不允许女性上船,因此女性海盗不得不以穿得像男性来伪装自己.
Many pirate ship crews had a voice in the running of their ship.
许多海盗船员在他们的舰只运行中都有声音.
They voted on rules and helped decide how the treasure from raids would be divided.
他们投票表决规则,帮助决定如何分拆出突袭的宝藏.
Of course, the captain always got the biggest share.
当然,船长总是有最大的份额。
Other shares were divided by the importance of a crew member’s responsibilities.
其他股份因船员责任的重要性而分出。
In some cases, crew members even elected the captain of their ship.
在某些情况下,船员甚至选出了自己的船长.
Captain Edward England Mary Reade fights an opponent.
爱德华·英格兰队长 玛丽 Reade与对手对决.
Well-Known Pirates Many pirates became well known.
众所周知的海盗 许多海盗变得众所周知。
And many stories of these pirates have been passed down over the years.
多年来,这些海盗的许多故事被传下来。
Let’s look at some of the better-known pirates and the lives they led.
让我们看看一些更出名的海盗和他们的生活。
Blackbeard, whose real name was Edward Teach, was a notorious pirate born in England.
黑胡子(英語:Black beard),本名爱德华·蒂克(Edward Teach),是出生于英国的臭名昭著的海盗.
He first served as a crew member on a pirate ship captained by a pirate named Benjamin Hornigold.
他首先在由一位叫本杰明·霍尼戈尔德(Benjamin Hornigold)的海盗船长的海盗船上担任船员.
They attacked ships and port towns in the Caribbean.
他们袭击了加勒比地区的船只和港口城镇.
During that time, Blackbeard gained a reputation as a fierce fighter.
在此期间,"黑胡子"获得了"凶猛战士"的名声.
Eventually Blackbeard went on to captain his own ship.
最终黑胡子继续担任他自己的舰长.
Blackbeard became one of the most feared pirate captains sailing the Caribbean.
黑胡子成为了最受人敬畏的海盗船长之一,出海出海.
Rather than wait for his victims to take off their rings and give them to him, Blackbeard would cut off their fingers.
与其等待被害者取出戒指并交给他,黑胡子会砍掉他们的手指.
He would place burning, smoking cord in his beard.
他会把燃烧,吸烟绳在他的胡子。
Black smoke would rise around his face, causing people to think he was mad or crazy.
黑烟会朝他脸上升起,导致人们认为他疯了或者疯了.
That made him even scarier.
这让他更加害怕。
In 1718, Blackbeard and his crew sailed up the Atlantic coast of America and into North Carolina.
1718年,黑胡子和他的船员航行到美国大西洋沿岸并进入北卡罗来纳.
At that time, North Carolina was part of the British colony.
当时北卡罗来纳是英国殖民地的一部分.
Blackbeard sailed up coastal rivers and raided wealthy plantations.
黑胡子航行到沿海河流上并突袭了富裕的种植园.
People were scared and angry.
人们害怕而愤怒。
They wanted to get rid of Blackbeard and his pirates.
他们想除掉黑胡子和他的海盗
They asked the British Navy for help.
他们向英国海军求救.
A British Navy captain and his crew fought a fierce battle with Blackbeard and his crew.
一位英国海军上尉和他的船员与黑胡子和他的船员进行了激烈的战斗.
Blackbeard lost his life in that battle.
黑胡子在那场战斗中牺牲了性命.
According to legend, it took twenty cutlass wounds and five shots to kill him.
根据传说,他花了20刀伤和5枪杀死他。
Anne Bonny was one of a few women pirates.
安妮·邦尼是少数女性海盗之一.
She was born in Ireland.
她生于爱尔兰.
She moved to South Carolina with her family when she was a young girl.
她年轻时随家人移居南卡罗来纳.
Her father was a lawyer, and her mother was a maidservant.
她的父亲是律师,母亲是女仆.
Anne fell in love with a sailor and ran away with him to New Providence, in the Bahamas.
安爱上了一名水手并和他跑去巴哈马的新普罗维登斯.
Then she met the pirate Calico Jack and joined his pirate crew.
后来她遇到了海盗卡利克·杰克并加入了他的海盗船员.
She disguised herself as a man and was a tough fighter.
她伪装成一个男人,是个坚强的战士.
Most people did not know she was a woman.
大多数人不知道她是女人。
She raided ships with Calico Jack until 1720.
她和卡利科·杰克一起突袭了船只,直到1720年.
They were eventually captured by the British Navy and were tried in a court in Jamaica.
他们最终被英国海军俘虏并被牙买加的法庭审判.
The judge first sentenced Anne to death by hanging.
法官首先以绞刑处死安妮.
But before the hanging, the Navy learned that she was pregnant.
但在绞刑前,海军得知她已经怀孕了.
Her sentence was then changed to life in prison.
她的刑期后来被改为终身监禁.
Pegleg is another well-known pirate.
佩格尔是又一出名的海盗.
He worked as a privateer for a French king.
曾为一法国国王作私活.
He is best known for his “wooden leg.”
他以“木腿”而出名。 “
But Pegleg, whose real name was François le Clerc, did not have a wooden leg.
但佩格莱格的真名是弗朗索瓦·克勒克(François le Clerc),没有木腿.
Instead, he used a wooden crutch after losing his leg in a battle.
取而代之的是,他在一场战斗中失去腿后用起木拐杖来.
Pirates with wooden legs are often popularized in movies and books, such as Treasure Island, probably because of Pegleg.
有木腿的海盗往往被流行于电影和书籍中,如"宝岛"等,这可能是因为佩格来.
Anne Bonny Do You Know?
安妮・邦尼 你知道吗?
Captain Kidd was another famous English pirate.
基德船长是另一位著名的英国海盗.
When he was finally captured and put to death, the authorities ordered his body to be hung by the harbor for all to see.
当他最后被俘并被处死时,当局下令将他的尸体吊在港口上,让所有人看一看.
This was done to discourage others from becoming pirates.
这样做是为了阻止其他人成为海盗。
Another privateer was Sir Francis Drake, an Englishman.
另一个私家侦探是英国人弗朗西斯·德雷克爵士.
He started sailing when he was just 14.
他14岁时开始出海.
He first sailed with his cousin John Hawkins, who took slaves from Africa to the Americas.
他先是和堂兄约翰·霍金斯出海出海,霍金斯从非洲将奴隶带到了美洲.
Sir Francis began to captain his own ship in 1570.
1570年弗朗西斯爵士开始自已的舰只上舰.
He attacked Spanish ships, stealing large amounts of treasure for Queen Elizabeth of England.
他攻击了西班牙船只,为英国女王伊丽莎白盗取了大量珍宝.
Sir Francis did not limit his pirating activity to the sea.
Francis爵士没有将他的钓鱼活动限制在海上。
When he learned that the Spanish were taking more riches from mines in Panama by mule train, he went inland and attacked the mule trains.
当他得知西班牙人正在用骡子列车从巴拿马的矿山取取取更多的财富后,他又去内陆并袭击了骡子列车.
He even captured the town in the center of the mining region.
他甚至夺取了位于矿区中心的镇.
Sir Francis Drake became a rich and successful pirate by attacking ships and mule trains.
弗兰西斯爵士 德雷克通过攻击船只和骡子列车而成为富有而成功的海盗.
Queen Elizabeth rewarded Drake for capturing so much treasure for England by making him a knight.
伊丽莎白女王通过让他成为骑士来奖励德雷克为英国捕获了这么多珍宝.
Conclusion During the Golden Age of piracy, no ship was safe on the sea.
黄金时期的结论 海盗时代,海上没有船安全.
The Caribbean Sea was one of the most notorious hangouts for pirates.
加勒比海是最臭名昭著的海盗活动之一。
But pirates sailed the seas in other parts of the world as well.
但海盗也在世界其他地区出海出海.
Pirates were often lawless, vicious men and women who made their living by stealing and robbing.
海盗常常是无法可依、恶毒的男女,他们通过偷窃和抢劫谋生。
Other pirates were ex-sailors hired by kings and queens who were greedy and wanted more wealth.
其他海盗都是被贪婪并想得到更多财富的国王和女王所雇佣的前海员.
Modern-day pirates still roam the seas of the world.
现代的海盗仍在世界海中漫游.
But rather than sailing slow wooden sailboats, they have high-powered speedboats.
但是,它们并没有用慢速木帆船来航行,而是有高能快艇.
They attack small pleasure boats and ships.
他们袭击了小型游艇和船只.
They steal valuables that they can then sell on the black market.
他们偷贵重物品 然后在黑市上出售
Sir Francis Drake The captain of a ship taken by pirates often met a cruel fate.
弗兰西斯爵士 德莱克 被海盗劫持的船只的船长经常遇到残酷的命运.
Glossary black market an illegal trade network (p.
词汇黑市是一个非法贸易网络(p.
22) caulking filling gaps and cracks with a watertight sealant (p.
22)用紧水密封剂(p.
13) cooper a barrelmaker (p.
13) 螺旋管起子(p.
13) cutlass a short, curved sword (p.
13) 切口为一短而弯曲的剑(p.
10) glamorized artificially made more fascinating and attractive (p.
10)被人造化为更迷人和有吸引力(p.
4) grappling hooks anchors with several hooks attached to a sturdy rope (p.
4)用几个被接在坚固绳子上的钩子来抓钩子起锚(p.
9) helmsman the person who steers the ship (p.
9) 轮船驾驶人(p.
13) launch to start or set in operation (p.
13) 启动或设定运行(p.
7) maidservant a female who does household work (p.
7) 做家务活的女仆(p.
19) privateers independent pirates operating with a license from a king or queen (p.
19) 持国王或王后颁发的执照从事活动的私生子独立海盗(p.
7) rowdy rough, loud, excitable, quarrelsome, or aggressive (p.
7) 划来划去粗糙,出声,激动,争吵,或攻击(p.
14) Explore More On the Web: In the address window, type: www.
14) 探索更多 网络:在地址窗口中,类型:www.
google.
Google (英语).
com Then type: pirates.
连线 然后是海盗
Click on “Google Search.”
单击“谷歌搜索”。 “
looks interesting.
看起来很有趣。
Google found.
谷歌发现.
Leveled Reader, such as privateers, pirate ships, pirate flags, and Blackbeard.
平分读取者,如私家,海盗船,海盗旗等,并有"黑胡子".
In searching for pirates on the Web, you will quickly discover that there are many links to the Pittsburgh Pirates, an American baseball team.
在网络上寻找海盗时,你会很快发现 匹兹堡海盗队有很多链接 美国棒球队
To avoid these links, do the following: In the address window, type: www.
为了避免这些联系,采取以下行动: 在地址窗口中,类型:www.
google.
Google (英语).
com Click on Google’s “Advanced Search” link.
com 点击谷歌的“高级搜索”链接。
• After “With all of the words,” type pirates.
• 在“所有文字”后加上“海盗”。
Pittsburgh.
匹兹堡
Then click “Google Search.”
然后点击“谷歌搜索。 “
This will help you to access links that are about the kind of pirates in this Leveled Book.
这将帮助您访问链接 与海盗类型 在这个等级书。