Petra
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents A Dazzling Adventure.
内容表 A 炫耀冒险.
4 Desert Jewel.
4沙漠宝石。
5 The Rose City.
5"玫瑰之城"(The Rose City).
6 A Center of Trade.
6 贸易中心。
9 Building Petra.
9号楼 Petra.
12 Visiting Petra.
12 访问佩特拉。
14 Sun and Water.
14 太阳与水.
15 Glossary.
15 词汇。
16 The Treasury is the first structure seen by visitors who pass through the Siq.
16 国库是经过西克的游客所见到的第一个结构.
A Dazzling Adventure You’ve agreed to go on an amazing adventure.
令人目眩的冒险 你同意去探险。
You and your host fly to a small city in southwestern Jordan, in the Middle East.
你和你的主人飞去约旦西南部的一个小城市 中东
After your plane lands, you board a bus and travel one and a half hours through an area with stunning red cliffs and canyons.
飞机降落后,你搭上公交车 在一个红色悬崖和峡谷相接的地方行走一个半小时
You arrive at a visitor’s center and walk a short distance to the entrance to a canyon.
前往峡谷入口的短距离步行。
This is the Siq (SEEK), a 1.
这是Siq (SEEK), a 1.
2-kilometer (0.
2公里长 (0. (中文(简体) ).
75 mi.)
75分钟)
narrow passageway that leads to your destination.
通往目的地的狭窄通道
As you walk through the Siq, you’re dazzled by the red rock walls up to 80 meters (262 ft.)
在你走过Siq时,你被长达80米(262英尺)的红岩墙所眩晕.
high.
高点
Nearing the end, you get a glimpse of an enormous carved building.
接近尾声时,你可以看到一栋巨大的雕刻建筑。
Your jaw drops as you gaze at it in wonder.
你的下巴跌倒了 在你看着它的神奇。
Your host says with an excited grin, “Welcome to Petra!”
主持人笑出“欢迎来到佩特拉!
AFRICA EUROPE ASIA JORDAN Amman H Ma’an GULF OF AQABA SYRIA IRAQ SAUDI ARABIA EGYPT ISRAEL MEDITERRANEAN SEA Desert Jewel Petra is a two-thousand-year-old rock city in a valley between the Dead Sea and the Gulf of Aqaba, a northern arm of the Red Sea.
非洲联盟 阿卡巴-西里亚-伊拉克克-萨乌迪阿拉伯-埃及-以色列地中海 Desert Jewel Petra是一座两千年的岩石城市,位于死海和亚喀巴湾之间的山谷中,是红海的北臂.
The city is about 185 kilometers (115 mi.)
该市约185公里(115米.
southwest of Amman, Jordan’s capital.
约旦首都安曼西南.
Petra is located on ancient trade routes between the Middle East, Asia, and Africa.
佩特拉地处中东,亚洲和非洲之间的古代贸易路线上.
Petra is surrounded by a dramatic landscape of red sandstone in one of Earth’s driest deserts.
Petra周围是地球上最干燥的沙漠之一的红色砂岩的戏剧地貌。
The Siq, which is just 3 meters (9.
西克号,只有3米(9.
8 ft.)
8英尺长)
wide in some places, is the main way to reach the city.
在某些地方,是到达城市的主要途径。
The nearest year-round water supply is about 8 kilometers (5 mi.)
最近的全年供水约8公里(5米.
away.
离开。
A dry riverbed just north of Petra’s center is subject to flash flooding from time to time.
Petra中心以北的干河床不时会发生洪水。
DEAD SEA The city of Petra gets its name from the Greek word for “rock.”
死亡的海洋 Petra市的名字取自希腊语中“rock”一词。 “
It is sometimes called the Rose City because of the rock’s reddish color.
由于岩石的红色而有时被称作"玫瑰之城".
The Rose City The city of Petra spans 264 square kilometers (102 sq.
罗斯城 佩特拉市的面积为264平方千米(102 sq.
mi.)
(中文(简体) ).
The city center measures roughly 6 square kilometers (2.
市中心面积约为6平方千米(2.
3 sq.
3平方圆。
mi.)
(中文(简体) ).
Petra contains some freestanding structures, but it is best known for its hundreds of rock-cut tombs, some of which are decorated with sacred writings.
佩特拉包含一些独立的结构,但以数百个被石砍的墓出名最为出名,有的用圣作来装饰.
Other structures include civic buildings, temples, and houses.
其他建筑包括公民建筑,神庙和房屋.
Many of Petra’s structures are over 30 meters (100 ft.)
佩特拉的许多建筑都超过30米(100英尺).
tall.
高个子。
Petra also features a system of water management that was highly advanced for its time.
佩特拉还有一个水管理系统,这个系统在当时非常先进。
Dams, channels, aqueducts, cisterns, reservoirs, and a tunnel were used to collect, store, control, and distribute water.
水坝、渠道、水管、蓄水池、水库和地道被用来收集、储存、控制和分配水。
These water structures made it possible for Petra’s residents to thrive in the desert.
这些水结构使得佩特拉的居民得以在沙漠中兴起.
At its peak, the city supported at least twenty thousand people.
在最高峰时,该市至少支持了两万人.
The Theatre, which was cut from solid rock, has sustained extensive damage over many centuries.
剧院被从坚固的岩石上切割出,在几个世纪中遭受了广泛的破坏.
The Treasury (al-Khazneh in Arabic) is Petra’s most famous monument and the first one visitors see when entering the city.
金库(al-Khazneh)是佩特拉最出名的纪念碑,
The Street of Facades, which leads into the city center, is lined by rock- cut tombs.
通向市中心的法卡得斯街由被石头切割的墓道所排列.
Next, visitors come upon the Theatre, which could hold four thousand people, and the Royal Tombs, where kings were buried.
接下来,参观者来到了可以容纳四千人的剧院和埋葬国王的皇家墓.
The Colonnaded Street, which runs through the city center, leads to Petra Museum, which contains more than six hundred artifacts.
穿过市中心的科隆纳德街通向佩特拉博物馆,馆内藏有六百多件文物.
From the museum, energetic visitors can hike up about eight hundred rock steps to reach the Monastery (al-Deir ), one of Petra’s largest monuments.
从博物馆里, 充满活力的游客可以爬上大约八百个岩石台阶去到达修道院(al-Deir),
In 1993, Petra was protected as an archaeological park managed by Jordan’s Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities.
1993年,佩特拉被保护为由约旦旅游和文物部管理的考古公园.
The park includes ancient trade roads surrounding the city.
公园包括环绕城市的古代通商道.
A Journey Through Petra Walking east to west from the Visitor Centre to the Monastery takes about twenty minutes at a normal pace.
穿越佩特拉的旅程 从游客中心向东向西行走到修道院需要约20分钟的正常速度.
Most visitors take much longer, though, as they stop to examine each new location.
不过,大多数访客需要更长的时间,因为他们停下来检查每个新地点。
The Nabataeans were tent-dwelling nomads for hundreds of years before they began carving dwellings out of stone.
纳巴泰人数百年来都是帐篷栖息地的游牧民,后来开始用石头雕刻出住宅.
A Center of Trade Petra was founded by the Nabataeans (nab-uh- TEE-uns), nomadic Arabian herders of camels, goats, and sheep.
由纳巴泰人(nab-uh-TEE-uns),游牧的阿拉伯骆驼、山羊和绵羊等牧民创建了一个贸易中心。
Their importance in the ancient world grew during the first millennium bce.
它们在古代世界中的重要性在第一个千年中不断增长。
They slowly became successful traders who gained control of trade routes connecting parts of the Middle East with Asia and Africa.
他们慢慢成为成功的贸易商,他们控制了连接中东部分地区与亚洲和非洲的贸易路线。
The Nabataeans provided water and shelter to traders transporting incense, spices, and silks across the desert.
纳巴泰安人为运输香料,香料和丝绸穿越沙漠的商人提供水和住所.
They also charged fees to foreigners for passing through their land.
他们还向外国人收取过路费。
In time, the Nabataean traders became wealthy, built Petra, and settled down.
时纳巴泰安商人出家发财,建造了佩特拉,并定居下来.
Petra, their capital city, is thought to have been founded around 300 bce and flourished starting in the first century bce.
他们的首都佩特拉被认为是从一世纪起大约300bce建立并蓬勃发展的.
The city became a cultural center as well as a center for people, goods, and money.
该市成为了文化中心以及人、货物和金钱中心。
The design of the Colonnaded Street shows Roman influence in its use of columns.
科隆纳德街的设计显示了罗马人在使用柱子方面的影响.
It has been damaged by floods over the centuries.
数百年来,它一直被洪水所破坏.
While Petra was thriving, the Roman Empire was expanding eastward into the Middle East.
在佩特拉兴旺期间,罗马帝国正向东向中东扩张.
Centered in ancient Rome (Italy), the Roman Empire grew over several centuries to include all the lands surrounding the Mediterranean Sea.
以古罗马为中心(意大利),罗马帝国在几个世纪里发展壮大,包括了地中海周围的所有地.
In 106 ce, the Romans peacefully took control of Petra.
106年,罗马人和平地控制了佩特拉.
Life in Petra continued much as it had earlier.
佩特拉的生活和以前一样继续.
However, Roman rule influenced the city in numerous ways, including architectural design and new roads lined with columns.
然而,罗马统治在很多方面影响了这座城市,包括建筑设计和用柱子排出的新道路.
The Romans ruled Petra for three hundred years before moving the center of their trading activity north and changing much of it to water routes.
罗马人统治了彼得拉三百年后,将贸易活动的中心向北移动并把它的大部分改为了水路.
As a result, Petra became less important as a trade center.
因此,佩特拉作为一个贸易中心变得不那么重要了.
In 330 ce, Roman emperor Constantine I, who was a Christian, moved the Roman Empire’s capital from Rome to Byzantium (now Istanbul) with the goal of spreading Christianity.
330年,罗马皇帝君士坦丁 我作为一个基督徒,将罗马帝国的首都从罗马迁到拜占庭(现为伊斯坦布尔),以传播基督教为目的.
Over time, Petra’s residents became Christians, and their city reflected the change.
随着时间的推移,佩特拉的居民成为了基督徒,他们的城市反映了这一变化.
Petra Church was built around 450 and remodeled in 500–550.
佩特拉教堂建于450年左右,于500–550年被改建.
A huge earthquake in 363 ce damaged much of Petra’s water-management system and nearly half the city.
363ce的一次大地震损坏了佩特拉的大部分水管理系统和近一半的城市.
That event was likely an important cause of Petra’s decline.
这一事件可能是佩特拉衰落的一个重要原因。
Another large earthquake occurred in 551.
551年又发生了一起大地震.
Arabs took over the region in the early 600s.
阿拉伯人于600年代初占领了该地区.
Petra’s last residents left the city by the end of that century.
佩特拉最后的居民在该世纪末离开该市.
After Petra’s decline, it was only known to Bedouins, Arab nomads who lived in the area, until the Crusades (1095–1291).
佩特拉衰落后,只有居住在该地区的贝都因人,阿拉伯游牧民才知道,直到十字军东征(1095年-1291年).
During that time, European Christian countries invaded the area to try to take control of Jerusalem and the surrounding land.
在此期间,欧洲基督教国家入侵该地区,试图控制耶路撒冷和周围的土地.
(In the end, they were unsuccessful.)
(最后没有成功。 )
After the Crusades, Petra was unknown to Europeans until the early nineteenth century.
十字军东征后,佩特拉直到十九世纪初才被欧洲人所知.
During that time, a Swiss explorer named Johann Ludwig Burckhardt heard about the ancient stone city and set out to find it.
在此期间,一位名叫约翰·路德维希·伯克哈特(Johann Ludwig Burckhardt)的瑞士探险家听说了古代的石城并出发去寻找.
His reports of a brief trip there in 1812 paved the way for other outsiders to visit and study Petra.
他关于1812年在那里短暂出行的报告为其他外人参观并学习佩特拉铺平了道路.
Building Petra Petra’s structures can be divided into freestanding structures and rock-cut monuments.
建造佩特拉·佩特拉所建的建筑可以分为独立的建筑和被切割出石块的纪念碑.
The freestanding structures were built from the bottom up, while the rock-cut monuments were carved from the top down.
独立结构由下而上地相接而来,而被切割出石碑由上而下地相接而来.
This fact is confirmed by the city’s unfinished monuments, which are carved only on top.
这个事实得到该市未完成的遗迹的证实,这些遗迹只被刻在上面.
No one is certain exactly how the Nabataeans carved the rock-cut monuments, which are Petra’s most remarkable structures.
没有人确切确定纳巴泰安人是如何雕刻出被石头切割的纪念碑的,这些纪念碑是佩特拉最出人意料的结构.
Scholars assume they didn’t use wooden scaffolding since few trees grow in the desert around Petra.
学者们认为,
One theory is that they removed large blocks of sandstone level by level.
一种理论是,他们逐级清除了大块的砂岩平面.
That would have left huge steps that carvers could stand on as they worked.
这会留下巨大的步骤,卡弗斯在工作时可以站起.
A second theory is that strong rods placed into the rock supported a wooden board that carvers stood on while working.
第二种理论是,放入岩石的强力棒支撑着一个木板,而木板在工作时被卡弗斯站起.
After completing a level, they would have placed pins lower in the rock face and then moved the board.
在完成一个关卡后,他们会将接针放入岩面下方后再移动板.
Scientists continue to search for clues in hopes of learning more about construction methods at Petra.
科学家们继续寻找线索,希望更多地了解佩特拉的建筑方法.
In addition to monuments, many stairways, water channels, and other features were also hand-carved into the natural shapes of the area’s cliffs and canyons.
除了纪念碑外,许多楼梯、水道和其他地物也用手雕入了该地区的悬崖和峡谷的自然形状。
Nabataean architecture is a mix of many different styles.
纳巴泰安建筑是由许多不同风格相混合而成.
It reflects the region’s cultural influences, including those of Mesopotamia, Greece, Rome, India, and Egypt.
它反映了该地区的文化影响,包括美索不达米亚、希腊、罗马、印度和埃及。
The unfinished monuments have played an important role in helping scientists understand carving methods at Petra.
未完成的遗迹在帮助科学家理解佩特拉的雕刻方法方面发挥了重要作用.
Visiting Petra Petra is Jordan’s most popular tourist attraction.
访问佩特拉·佩特拉是约旦最受欢迎的旅游景点.
Over four hundred thousand visitors made the trip in 2015.
2015年有超过40万游客出行.
Travelers buy tickets at the Visitor Centre and enter through the Siq by horse cart, on foot, or on a horse, donkey, or camel.
出行者到客场中心购票并乘马车从西克入站,徒步入站,或乘马,驴,或骆驼入站.
It’s possible to see Petra in two days, but several days are better.
可能两天后见到佩特拉,
Petra’s soft sandstone is vulnerable to wind and water erosion as well as damage from salt carried in on wind from the Red Sea.
Petra的软砂岩容易受到风和水的侵蚀,以及红海风所携带的盐所造成的损害。
The city is also threatened by the high number of tourists.
该市还受到游客人数多的威胁.
Touching, sitting, and walking on structures all cause their surfaces to wear down.
触摸,坐着,走在结构上都会导致表面磨损.
In 1985, the Rose City became a UNESCO World Heritage Site, which ensures its protection and conservation.
1985年,玫瑰城成为联合国教科文组织世界遗产,确保了它的保护和保存.
Hundreds of artifacts are on display in Petra Museum, but many others have been lost to thieves over the centuries.
数百件文物正在佩特拉博物馆展出,但其他许多文物在几个世纪中被盗贼所丢失.
At sunset on the winter solstice, sunlight illuminates the Monastery’s central podium.
阳光照亮了修道院中央讲台。
Sun and Water Not much is known about the Nabataeans, but two things are certain.
太阳和水 对于纳巴泰人所知不多,但有两件事是肯定的.
First, they worshipped the Sun.
首先,他们崇拜太阳
We know this because on the winter solstice and at certain other times of the year, the Sun shines on or lines up with 80 percent of Petra’s main structures.
我们之所以知道这一点,是因为在冬季以及一年中的某些其他时间,太阳照耀着或排出佩特拉80%的主要结构。
Second, the Nabataeans were incredibly inventive in bringing water to the desert.
第二,纳巴泰人非常有创意 给沙漠带去水
More parts of their water-management system are being found all the time.
其水管理系统的更多部分一直在寻找中。
Radar recently located a network of underground water channels.
雷达最近找到了地下水道
Scientists also found fountains and once-lush gardens.
科学家们还发现了喷泉和一流的花园.
Continuing research will no doubt reveal more about how these ancient people lived—and thrived—in their majestic city of rock.
继续研究无疑会揭示更多关于这些古老的人如何在他们的巨石之城中活活活活活。
Glossary antiquities (n.)
名词古迹 (n.)
objects or buildings from ancient times (p.
古代的物体或建筑物(p.
7) aqueducts (n.)
7)取水管 (n.
artificial channels that carry water from one place to another (p.
将水从一地运到一地的人工渠道(p.
6) archaeological (adj.)
6) 考古学 (adj.
(adj.)
(中文(简体) ).
(n.)
(无)