The Nobel Prize
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
The Most Famous Prize The Nobel Prize is the most famous honor in the world.
最出名奖 诺贝尔奖是世界上最出名的荣誉.
The prizes were first awarded on December 10, 1901.
1901年12月10日首次获奖.
That date was the fifth anniversary of the death of Alfred Nobel, the creator of the prizes.
该日期是奖项创造者阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔逝世五周年.
Between 1901 and 2015, 874 special individuals and 26 groups have been awarded Nobel Prizes.
1901年至2015年间,874名特级个人和26个团体被授予诺贝尔奖.
For many years, five prizes were awarded annually in the fields of physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace.
多年来,每年在物理,化学,生理学或医学,文学,和平等领域颁发5个奖项.
A sixth award, for economics, was created in 1968.
1968年创立了第六所经济学奖.
These prizes are the result of one fascinating man, Alfred Nobel.
这些奖项是一位迷人的人阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔所创造的.
Alfred Nobel’s Life Alfred Nobel was born on October 21, 1833, in Stockholm, Sweden.
阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔生于1833年10月21日,生于瑞典斯德哥尔摩.
He was one of four sons of Caroline and Immanuel Nobel.
他是卡罗琳和伊曼纽尔诺贝尔的四个儿子之一.
Immanuel was an engineer and businessman.
伊姆曼纽尔是一名工程师和商人.
He was interested in finding ways to blast through rocks to make bridges and tunnels.
他有兴趣寻找方法来通过岩石来制造桥梁和地道.
By 1842, Immanuel had moved from Sweden to St.
至1842年,伊姆曼纽尔已经从瑞典迁入圣.
Petersburg, Russia.
俄罗斯彼得堡.
There he successfully made explosives for the Russian navy.
他在那里成功地为俄罗斯海军制造了炸药.
Alfred received an excellent education in St.
阿尔弗雷德在圣所接受了一流的教育.
Petersburg.
彼得堡报.
By age seventeen, he could speak Swedish, Russian, French, German, and English.
到17岁,他可以说瑞典语,俄语,法语,德语和英语.
He was also interested in chemistry.
他也对化学感兴趣.
In 1850, Alfred’s parents sent him to Paris to study chemical engineering.
1850年,阿尔弗雷德的父母送他去巴黎学习化学工程.
He worked with a highly explosive liquid that had recently been invented.
他与最近发明的极易爆炸的液体合作.
At that time, it was still considered too dangerous for commercial use.
当时,它仍然被认为太危险,不适合商业用途.
When Alfred returned to St.
当阿尔弗雷德回到圣所时.
Petersburg, he worked with his father to try to create a commercial explosive.
彼得堡,他与他的父亲合作,试图制造出商业炸药.
In 1859, the family returned to Sweden, where Alfred continued to experiment.
1859年,全家回到了瑞典,阿尔弗雷德继续在那里进行实验.
His younger brother, Emil, who also experimented with explosives, was killed in a tragic accident in 1864.
他的弟弟埃米尔也曾实验过炸药,1864年在一次悲剧性事故中被炸死.
However, Alfred did not give up.
然而,阿尔弗雷德并没有放弃.
In 1866, he invented an explosive he named dynamite.
1866年他发明了一种被他命名为"炸药"的炸药.
His invention made him rich and famous.
他的发明使他富有并出名.
The invention of dynamite made the building of tunnels, canals, roads, and railways much easier and safer.
炸药的发明使地道、运河、公路和铁路的建设更加容易和安全。
However, while dynamite made engineering safer, it also changed the way wars were fought.
然而,虽然炸药使工程更安全,但也改变了战争的战斗方式.
Nobel was a peaceful man.
诺贝尔是一个和平的人。
Yet he saw his invention of dynamite also put to use in war.
然而,他看到他发明的炸药也用于战争。
The idea of the prizes was only revealed after Nobel’s death in 1896.
奖项的想法直到1896年诺贝尔逝世后才被揭示.
His will established the Nobel Foundation to manage his fortune and award the prizes.
他的遗嘱建立了诺贝尔基金会来管理他的财产并授予奖金.
The Nobel Prize Process The Nobel Prizes are special because of all the research that goes into the selection process.
诺贝尔奖进程 诺贝尔奖之所以特别,是因为所有进入选拔过程的研究.
The prize committees are made up of world-famous scholars, scientists, and former prizewinners.
奖金委员会由世界名人学者,科学家和前奖金得主组成.
The committees invite leaders in each field to nominate candidates every year.
委员会每年邀请各领域的领导人提名候选人。
The voting for candidates is top secret.
对候选人的投票是绝密的。
The prizes are presented to prizewinners every year on December 10—the anniversary of Nobel’s death.
每年12月10日诺贝尔逝世周年纪念日,
Nobel prizewinners are among the most important people in modern history.
诺贝尔奖得主是现代史上最重要的人物.
Winning the award is intended to help them continue their work.
获奖是为了帮助他们继续工作.
Famous Recipients The Sciences Marie Curie was the first woman to receive the award, in 1903 in physics.
著名受援者 科学会玛丽·居里是第一位获此奖的女性,1903年获物理学奖.
Born in Poland, Curie spent most of her life working as a scientific researcher in France.
生于波兰,居里一生大部分时间在法国做科学研究.
She shared the award with her husband, Pierre, and Henri Becquerel for their work in radioactivity.
她与她的丈夫皮埃尔(Pierre)和亨利·贝克雷尔(Henri Becquerel)分享了该奖项的放射性作品.
The prize allowed Curie to continue her research.
该奖项使居里能继续研究.
In 1911, she was awarded the prize in chemistry for her discovery of two new elements.
1911年,她因发现两个新元素而获化学奖.
Curie is one of only two people ever to win Nobel Prizes in different areas.
居里是历史上唯一两个在不同领域获得诺贝尔奖的人之一.
In 1935, her daughter Irène Joliot-Curie (ee-REN ZHOH-lyoh KYUR-ee) also won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
1935年,她的女儿Irène Jolot-Curie(ee-REN ZHOH-lyoh KYUR-ee)也获得了诺贝尔化学奖.
Marie and Irène are the only mother-daughter pair to have won Nobel Prizes.
玛丽和伊琳是唯一一对获得诺贝尔奖的母亲-女儿.
Have you heard of the formula E = mc²?
你听说过公式E=mc2吗?
That formula, Albert Einstein’s theory of relativity, changed the way we think about physics.
这个公式, 阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦的相对论,改变了我们对物理学的看法.
Einstein was awarded the prize in 1921 for his work in physics.
爱因斯坦于1921年被授予物理学作品奖.
Winning the prize allowed Einstein to continue his brilliant career.
获奖使得爱因斯坦得以继续辉煌的职业生涯.
He influenced many of the greatest scientific thinkers who followed him.
他影响了跟随他的许多最伟大的科学思想家.
Danish physicist Niels Bohr (NEELS BOR) won the Nobel Prize in Physics the year after Einstein, in 1922.
丹麦物理学家尼尔斯·博尔(英语:Niels Bohr (NELS BOR))于1922年获得爱因斯坦后一年的诺贝尔物理学奖.
The prize was awarded for his “services in the investigation of the structure of atoms.”
该奖项是因其“在原子结构调查中的服务”而颁发的。 “
Bohr’s son Aage Bohr (OH-uh BOR) was awarded the physics prize in 1975.
Bohr的儿子Aage Bohr(OH-uh BOR)于1975年被授予物理学奖.
That made them one of six pairs of fathers and sons who have won Nobel Prizes.
这使他们成为获得诺贝尔奖的六对父子之一。
In 1945, Sir Alexander Fleming of Scotland was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine for the discovery of penicillin.
1945年,苏格兰的亚历山大·弗莱明爵士因发现青霉素被授予诺贝尔医学奖.
His discovery saved many lives and changed medicine forever.
他的发现拯救了多人的生命并永远地改变了药物.
Economics In 2003, Clive Granger and Robert Engle were awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics.
2003年,克莱夫·格兰杰和罗伯特·恩格尔被授予诺贝尔经济学奖.
Their research showed ways to avoid serious global financial problems.
他们的研究表明了如何避免严重的全球金融问题。
Literature Ernest Hemingway, an American writer, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954.
文学家欧内斯特·海明威是一位美国作家,1954年被授予诺贝尔文学奖.
The prize was awarded for “his mastery of the art of narrative . . .
该奖项颁发于“他对叙事艺术的掌握......。
and for the influence . . .
并为了影响.
on contemporary style.”
当代风格。 “
Colombian-born Gabriel García Márquez, a very different type of writer, won the prize in 1982.
哥伦比亚出生的加布里埃尔·加西亚 马克斯是一个非常不同的作家类型,1982年获奖.
The committee praised his writing, in which fantasy and reality “are combined in a richly composed world of imagination.”
委员会赞扬他的写作,其中幻想和现实“在一个由丰富的想象力组成的世界中结合在一起。 “
These are just two examples of award winners in literature who have influenced writers for years to come.
这些只是文学中影响作家多年的获奖者的两个例子.
Peace Three very famous medal winners were Dr.
和平 三位非常出名的奖牌得主是Dr.
Martin Luther King Jr., Mother Teresa, and Nelson Mandela.
小马丁·路德·金,母亲特蕾莎和纳尔逊·曼德拉.
These three individuals fought to improve the lives of people all over the world who were suffering from injustice.
这三个人为改善世界各地遭受不公正待遇的人的生活而奋斗。
In 1964, the Nobel Peace Prize honored Dr.
1964年,诺贝尔和平奖授予了"博士".
King’s fight for civil rights in the United States.
国王在美国争取民权.
Mother Teresa was awarded the prize in 1979 for caring for poor people in India.
母亲特蕾莎于1979年因照顾印度的穷人而获奖.
Nelson Mandela was awarded the prize in 1993 for his lifelong struggle against South Africa’s unfair political system.
1993年纳尔逊·曼德拉因毕生反对南非不公平的政治制度而获奖.
The youngest winner is Malala Yousafzai (muh-LAH-lah YOO-suf-zy), who received the prize in 2014 at age seventeen.
最年轻的得主是马拉拉·尤萨夫扎伊(英语:Malala Yousafzai (muh-LAH-lah YOO-suf-zy)),他于2014年17岁时获得该奖.
In some parts of her home country of Pakistan, a political group banned education for girls.
在她的祖国巴基斯坦的一些地区,一个政治团体禁止女孩接受教育。
They also destroyed hundreds of schools.
他们还摧毁了数百所学校。
Malala fought back for equal educational opportunities for women.
马拉拉为争取妇女平等教育机会进行了反击.
In 2012, she was attacked and nearly killed.
2012年,她被袭击并差点被杀死.
Malala recovered and bravely continues her fight to this day.
马拉拉康复后勇敢地继续战斗到今天.
Nobel Controversies Some prizewinners cause controversy.
诺贝尔争议 一些获奖者引起争议.
When Yasser Arafat (YAH-sur AIR-uh-fat), the leader of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), won the prize in 1994, many people were surprised.
当1994年巴勒斯坦解放组织(巴解组织)领导人亚西尔·阿拉法特(YAH-sur AIR-uh-fat)获奖时,许多人感到惊讶.
Arafat was awarded for his work towards peace in the Middle East.
阿拉法特因其为中东和平而作的努力而得到奖励。
He shared the award with Israeli leaders Yitzhak Rabin (yits-HAHK ruh-BEEN) and Shimon Peres (shee-MOHN PAIR-iss).
他与以色列领导人伊扎克·拉宾(yits-HAHK ruh-BENE)和西蒙·佩雷斯(shee-MOHN PAIR-iss)分享了该奖项.
The PLO was considered by some to be a terrorist group.
一些人认为巴解组织是一个恐怖主义团体。
The Nobel Committee refused to change their minds.
诺贝尔委员会拒绝改变他们的想法.
Others protested when American Secretary of State Henry Kissinger was awarded the prize in 1973.
1973年美国国务卿亨利·基辛格被授予该奖项时,其他人也提出了抗议.
Kissinger worked to end the war in Vietnam.
基辛格致力于结束越南战争.
However, he had also been involved in deadly attacks on Vietnam and nearby countries.
然而,他也参与了对越南和相邻国家的致命袭击.
Even President Barack Obama’s Peace Prize in 2009 caused controversy.
甚至连总统奥巴马2009年和平奖也引发了争议.
The election of an African American president filled many people in the world with hope.
非裔美国总统的选举给世界上许多人带来了希望.
Yet in 2009, he hadn’t done much more than get elected.
但2009年,
The announcement of Obama’s award surprised many, including the president himself.
奥巴马获奖公告令包括总统本人在内的许多人感到惊讶.
The Reward The Nobel Foundation awards cash, a diploma, and a gold medal to all prizewinners.
奖励 诺贝尔基金会向所有获奖者颁发现金,文凭和金牌.
The amount of the prize depends on whether it is given to an individual or a group.
奖金数额取决于是发给个人或团体。
In 2015, the amount of an individual prize was eight million Swedish kronor (just under one million U.S.
2015年,个人奖金金额为800万瑞典克郎(刚刚低于一百万美国克郎.
dollars).
(单位:美元)
If the prize is shared among two or more people, the award of eight million kronor is divided equally.
如果奖金由两个或两个以上人分享,则800万克朗的奖金平均分配.
Then the guests are taken to the Nobel Banquet at the Stockholm City Hall.
然后客人被带到斯德哥尔摩市政厅的诺贝尔银行.
A big party with speeches, dancing, a concert, and a fancy dinner takes place there.
在那里举行一个大型的有演讲,舞蹈,音乐会和花哨的晚宴.
Conclusion The Nobel Prize has had a major influence on the entire world.
结论 诺贝尔奖对整个世界产生了重大影响.
The awards show the work and dreams of great thinkers from around the globe.
这些奖项展示了来自全球的伟大思想家的作品和梦想.
The fame and cash prizes allow these brilliant individuals to keep working.
名利和现金奖让这些杰出的个人能够继续工作.
The prizes honor freedom, peace, and the commitment to improving humankind.
这些奖项纪念自由、和平和致力于改善人类。