LEVELED BOOK • WA New Skyline
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Introduction.
导言表。
4 Growing the Big Apple.
4"种植大苹果".
5 Building an Empire.
5 建设帝国.
8 Twin Giants Rise, Then Fall.
8个双子巨人崛起,后被倒下.
10 A New Tower Rises from the Ashes.
10 从灰地起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起起
14 Glossary.
14 词汇表。
16 Introduction What would Paris be without the Eiffel Tower, or London without its famous clock tower, Big Ben?
导言 没有埃菲尔铁塔,或者没有著名的钟楼"大本"的伦敦,巴黎会是什么?
Iconic structures such as these, along with surrounding buildings, create an outline against the sky, called a skyline.
象此类的标志性结构,同周围的建筑一起,形成了一个反天的轮廓,称为"天线".
Skylines are unique identifiers of places, just as your fingerprints are one-of-a-kind identifiers of you.
天线是各地独特的识别标志 就像你的指纹是你们唯一的识别标志一样
Unlike fingerprints, however, skylines don’t stay the same forever.
但与指纹不同, 天际线并非永远不变。
They grow and change, sometimes gradually and at other times quite suddenly.
它们生长和变化,有时是逐渐的,有时是突然的。
New York City is a great example of a place whose skyline has experienced both slow and rapid change.
纽约市是一个伟大的例子,说明其天际线经历了缓慢而迅速的变化。
In recent years, New York’s skyline has been altered dramatically.
近些年来,纽约的天际线被大幅地改变.
Buildings and structures have risen, fallen, and risen again.
建筑物和结构上升、倒塌、再起。
New York’s skyline has continuously evolved.
纽约的天际线不断演变.
Growing the Big Apple During the nineteenth century, New York City’s famous skyline, along with its diverse population, began to grow rapidly.
19世纪期间,纽约市著名的"天际线"同其多样的人口一起开始迅速增长.
With the end of the Civil War came freed slaves from the South in search of work.
随着南北战争的结束,南方的奴隶纷纷出走来寻找工作.
Later, waves of Europeans immigrated to the United States through the port of New York.
后来,一波又一波由纽约港移民到美国.
Many of them stayed on New York’s Manhattan Island.
许多人留在纽约曼哈顿岛。
By the late 1800s, New York was the most densely populated city in the country; by 1925, it was the most densely populated city in the world.
到1800年代末,纽约是该国人口最稠密的城市;到1925年,它是世界上人口最稠密的城市.
All the city’s new residents needed places to live, work, and shop.
城市所有新居民都需要居住、工作和购物的地方。
Gradually, the city expanded northward as more stores, factories, and homes were built.
随着更多商店,工厂,住宅的建设,城市逐渐向北扩张.
However, Manhattan Island is only about 23 square miles (59.
不过,曼哈顿 岛屿仅约23平方英里(59.
6 sq km) in area.
面积6平方公里)。
There was no more room for the city to expand outward; the only place to grow was up.
城市再也没有向外扩张的空间;唯一可以生长的地方就是向上.
To do that, new building methods had to be employed.
为此,必须采用新的建筑方法。
Up until that time, walls had been used to support a building’s weight.
在此之前,墙壁一直被用来支撑建筑物的重量。
The walls on a building’s ground floor had to be strong enough to bear the weight of all the floors and the roof above them.
大楼一楼的墙壁必须足够坚固,能承受所有楼层和楼顶的重量。
This type of construction limited a building’s height.
这种建筑限制了建筑物的高度。
There was no practical way to make walls thick and strong enough to support a building with dozens of floors.
没有切实可行的方法使墙壁厚而坚固,足以支撑一栋有数十层楼的建筑.
A new way of building involved using a steel frame instead of walls to support the structure.
一种新的建筑方式涉及使用钢框架而不是墙来支撑结构.
Gigantic steel beams were connected to form the building’s skeleton.
钢梁连接起来,形成大楼的骨架。
Then the walls were hung from the beams, much like curtains from a rod, and attached at the bottom to the floor.
后来墙被从梁上吊起,多如从棒上吊起的帘子,并被接入地底.
With the use of steel frame construction, the walls of the building’s upper floors were not weighing heavily on the lower floors’ walls.
随着钢架的建造,大楼上层的墙壁没有被重压在下层的墙上。
The weight of the walls was distributed along the steel beams holding them up.
墙壁的重量沿钢梁相接而起.
Steel frame construction made it possible for buildings to reach new heights.
钢架施工使得建筑能够达到新的高度.
By the turn of the twentieth century, New York City housed a number of huge structures that came to be called skyscrapers.
到了20世纪之交,纽约市拥有了被称作"摩天大楼"的一些巨大的建筑.
Soon skyscrapers were going up one after another as builders and architects competed to make the world’s tallest building.
很快,摩天大楼随着建筑师和建筑师的争夺而相继升起,成为了世界上最高的建筑.
An 1884 illustration of Lower Manhattan Island shows how little of the city’s structure and skyline was developed at the time.
1884年下曼哈顿岛的一幅插图显示,当时该市结构和天线的开发程度极低.
Building an Empire By the late 1920s, New York City’s skyline had risen to new heights.
建立一个帝国 到20世纪20年代末,纽约市的天际线已经上升到了新的高度.
It was during this time that two of the city’s best-known structures were built.
正是在这段时间里,该市最出名的两所建筑被建成.
In 1928, the builder of the seventy-seven-story Chrysler Building wanted to make it the world’s tallest.
1928年,七十七层克赖斯勒建筑的建造者想使它成为世界最高.
So fierce was the competition for this title that the Chrysler builder smuggled a tall spire onto the top of his structure.
克莱斯勒建筑师为了争夺这个头衔 将一个高高的花圈 走私到他建筑的顶上
The secret plan worked: in 1930, the Chrysler Building became not only the world’s tallest structure but also the only one to stand taller than 1,000 feet (305 m).
秘密计划奏效了:1930年,克莱斯勒大楼不仅成为了世界最高的结构,而且是唯一一个站高超过1000英尺(305米)的建筑.
The Chrysler Building’s reign would not last.
克莱斯勒大楼的统治不会持久。
Just blocks away, a steel-framed behemoth was rising.
就隔了几个街区,一个钢制的外壳在上升
Not only would the Empire State Building take the crown for world’s tallest, but it would also come to define the city it called home.
帝国大厦不但会为世界最高的国花取出皇冠,而且还会来定义它称之为家园的城市.
The Chrysler Building was funded by businessman Walter Chrysler.
克莱斯勒大楼由商人沃尔特·克莱斯勒出资.
Workers broke ground on the Empire State Building in January 1930.
1930年1月工人在帝国大厦上出事.
Amazingly, it was completed just 410 days later.
令人惊奇的是,它仅仅在410天后完成.
The steel and granite building had 103 floors and stood over 1,400 feet (427 m) tall.
钢和花岗岩建筑有103层,高1400多英尺(427米).
More than 3,000 workers contributed skills and labor to finish the building.
超过3000名工人为完成建筑贡献了技能和劳动.
The completed building had 64 working elevators that took less than one minute to get to the 80th floor.
已完工的大楼有64个工作电梯,不到一分钟就到达了80层.
An outside observation deck on the 86th floor and an inside deck on the 102nd floor provided panoramic views of the city.
86层的外观甲板和102层的内观甲板提供了城市的全景.
The Empire State Building symbolized New York City.
帝国大厦象征着纽约市.
It was named one of the Seven Wonders of the Modern World and was featured in many books and movies.
它被命名为"现代世界的七大奇迹"之一并被许多书籍和电影所取名.
It wore the crown of world’s tallest building for nearly forty years until deposed by twin giants rising in the lower part of Manhattan.
它戴起世界最高建筑之冠长达近40年,直到被曼哈顿下部崛起的双子巨头所废黜.
Twin Giants Rise, Then Fall After the Empire State Building was completed, skyscraper construction slowed down.
双子巨人崛起后,在帝国大厦完工后,摩天大楼的建设放缓.
Mammoth structures were costly to build, and the American economy was struggling.
哺乳动物结构造价昂贵,美国经济正在挣扎.
It was not until 1970 that the city’s skyline would grow even higher.
直到1970年,该市的天际线才会增长得更高.
In the 1960s, city officials considered building a “world trade center”—a hub for international commerce—in Lower Manhattan.
1960年代,城市官员考虑在下曼哈顿建立一个“世界贸易中心”——一个国际商业中心。
The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey was in charge of the project.
纽约和新泽西港务局负责该项目。
Architect Minoru Yamasaki designed the buildings.
建筑师山崎实一设计了这些建筑.
He proposed twin towers as part of the multibuilding complex of offices and storefronts.
他提议将双塔作为办公楼和商店前身多所建筑建筑群的一部分.
The 110-story towers would include some structural innovations.
110层的塔楼将包括一些结构革新。
The Port Authority The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey is an organization formed in 1921.
纽约和新泽西港务局是一个成立于1921年的组织.
Its purpose was to develop, modernize, and operate trade and transportation facilities in both New Jersey and New York City.
其目的是发展新泽西和纽约市的贸易和运输设施,并使之现代化并运行。
The Port Authority still owns and manages much of the 16-acre (64,750 sq m) World Trade Center complex.
港务局仍然拥有并管理着大部分16英亩(64,750平方公尺)的世界贸易中心建筑群.
The Port Authority was in charge of building the George Washington Bridge, which connects Manhattan and New Jersey.
港务局负责建造连接曼哈顿和新泽西的乔治·华盛顿大桥.
The Empire State Building during construction (above) and completed (below).
帝国大厦建设期间(上)并完工(下).
Four-and-a-half stories were added per week.
每周会增加四个半的故事.
One innovation was the use of tube-frame construction instead of steel-frame construction.
一项创新是采用管框施工而不是钢框施工。
Each tower was similar to a hollow square pipe.
每个塔都类似于空心平方管.
The outside perimeter of the building had columns that were spaced close together.
建筑外侧有柱子相距相近。
Surrounding the edge of the building with main support columns created more usable floor space inside.
以主支撑柱围住大楼边缘,在内部创造出更可使用的地板空间.
Another innovation was the use of sky lobbies.
另一项创新是使用天空游说。
The taller a building is, the more elevators it needs.
楼高越高,需要的电梯就越多.
Yamasaki proposed an elevator system modeled after the city’s subway system.
山崎提出以城市地铁系统为模式的电梯系统.
The towers had both express and local elevators.
塔有快递电梯和当地电梯。
People could take an express elevator to a sky lobby on the forty-fourth floor that would bypass the first forty-three floors.
人们可以搭乘特快电梯到44层的天上大厅,绕过前43层.
Then they would transfer to a local elevator, which would stop at every floor, to get to their office on the forty- eighth floor.
然后他们转乘当地电梯,每层楼停一停,到48楼办公室。
This system was a new, efficient way to transport people vertically, and it reduced the number of elevator shafts needed.
这个系统是垂直运送人员的一种新的高效方式,它减少了需要的电梯轴.
Construction of the towers began in 1966.
1966年开始修建塔楼.
The North Tower was completed in December 1970, topping out at 1,727 feet (526 m) at the top of its spire.
北塔于1970年12月完工,顶部为花尖顶部1,727英尺(526米).
A restaurant called Windows on the World offered diners a breathtaking view from the top of the North Tower.
一个叫"世界之窗"的餐厅 从北塔顶端为餐厅提供了令人惊叹的景色.
The South Tower, reaching 1,362 feet (415 m) in height, was finished seven months later.
南塔高至1,362英尺(415米),7个月后完工.
Beneath both buildings was a parking garage that could accommodate up to two thousand vehicles.
两座大楼下方都是停车场,最多可容纳两千辆车。
Railroad and subway stations were situated underneath the parking garage.
铁路站和地铁站位于停车场下方。
Over 3,500 workers helped build the World Trade Center’s twin towers during their peak of construction.
超过3500名工人在建造高峰期间帮助建造了世界贸易中心的双塔.
Who Was Elisha Otis?
伊莉莎·奥蒂斯是谁?
How were people supposed to get to the top floors of a skyscraper?
人们怎么去摩天大楼的顶层?
Climbing hundreds of stairs wasn’t a good option— elevators were needed.
爬上数百个楼梯并不是个好办法,
Early elevators, however, weren’t as safe as they should have been.
早期的电梯并不像他们本该安全。
Thanks to Elisha Otis, this problem was resolved.
多亏了艾莉莎 奥蒂斯 这个问题已经解决了
Otis designed the first safety elevator in 1854.
奥蒂斯于1854年设计了第一台安全电梯.
The elevator’s platform would fall only a few inches if the cable holding it broke.
电梯的站台只有几英寸,
He also designed engines to power the elevator.
他还设计了为电梯提供动力的发动机.
Without a doubt, Otis’s invention was necessary to the development of tall buildings.
毫无疑问,奥蒂斯的发明对于高楼的发展是必要的.
The next time you’re in an elevator, look around.
下次你坐电梯时,
There’s a good chance you’ll see the name “Otis” somewhere inside!
内地可能看到「奥蒂斯」这个名字;
The Twin Towers were a striking addition to the city’s skyline.
双塔是该市天际线上令人瞩目的新增.
Because they were built away from the city’s other tall skyscrapers, they dwarfed the surrounding buildings and were the most prominent structures on Manhattan Island.
因为它们是在远离该市其他高高的摩天大楼外建起的,它们矮化了周边建筑,是曼哈顿岛最突出的建筑.
For thirty years, the World Trade Center towers were the tallest buildings in New York.
30年来,世界贸易中心塔楼是纽约最高的建筑.
Then disaster struck.
然后灾难降临
On the morning of September 11, 2001, hijackers flew two passenger jets into the towers.
2001年9月11日上午,劫机者出动了两架客机入塔.
Within an hour after the attack, the South Tower began to fall in on itself and crumble to the ground.
袭击发生后一小时内,南塔开始自相残杀并倒地.
The North Tower followed thirty minutes later.
北塔紧随其后30分钟.
New Yorkers watched in stunned disbelief as these enormous structures were reduced to heaps of burning rubble.
纽约人惊呆地看着这些巨大的建筑 变成一团被烧的瓦砾
Nearly three thousand people died as a result of the attack.
近3000人被袭击而死.
A New Tower Rises from the Ashes The World Trade Center tragedy devastated New York and the rest of the country.
世界贸易中心的悲剧摧毁了纽约和全国其他地方。
New Yorkers mourned the loss of their neighbors and their landmark.
纽约人哀悼邻居和地标上的失联.
At the same time, they vowed to rebuild at the World Trade Center site.
与此同时,他们发誓要在世界贸易中心所在地重建.
Excavating the ruins of the old towers took time.
挖掘出旧塔的废墟需要时间.
Plans for the site took years to develop; there were many opinions on what should be done, and many designs were submitted with considerable controversy.
该站点的计划历时数年才制定;对于应该做什么,有许多意见,许多设计被提出来,存在相当大的争议.
Finally, the Port Authority unveiled the design for the new World Trade Center complex.
最后,港务局公布了新的世界贸易中心建筑群的设计。
One area was set aside as a memorial park for those who lost their lives that day.
其中一个地区被划为纪念当天丧生者的纪念公园.
The sites where the original buildings stood are now reflecting pools with cascading waterfalls.
原建筑所站的站点现为有相接瀑布的倒流池.
A memorial museum contains items from the old towers.
一座纪念博物馆内有旧塔所出的物品.
On September 11, 2001, terrorists flew two planes into the Twin Towers.
2001年9月11日,恐怖分子飞出两架飞机进入"双塔".
One of the two reflecting pools at the World Trade Center Memorial.
世界贸易中心纪念馆的两个反射池之一.
Both feature the largest human-made waterfalls in the United States.
两者均是美国最大的人造瀑布.
Nearby, a new 104-story tower has been constructed.
附近新建了104层的塔楼.
Nicknamed the Freedom Tower, the structure rises an astonishing 1,776 feet (541 m).
尼克取名"自由塔",该建筑起立了惊人的1,776英尺(541米).
The building’s height symbolizes the year of the United States’ independence.
该建筑的高度象征着美国独立的一年.
The glass- paneled tower has a twisted octagon shape, and its huge reflective surface mirrors the changes in light all around it.
玻璃面板塔有扭曲的八角形外形,其巨大的反射面镜照出周围光线的变化.
At the top is a spire equipped with a light beam that is visible for miles.
顶部是一盏装有光束的花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花序花.
Several other high-rises are being constructed at the site as well.
该地还正在建造多所高楼。
By the year 2020, the new World Trade Center complex should be complete.
到2020年,新的"世界贸易中心"建筑群应当完成.
New York’s ever-changing skyline will reflect the spirit of a city that continues to adapt and grow.
纽约不断变化的天际线将反映一个继续适应和发展的城市的精神。
Glossary architects (n.)
词汇设计师(不详)
people who design buildings (p.
设计建筑的人(p.
6) behemoth (n.)
6)发热(n.
someone or something with immense size or power (p.
有巨大大小或力量的人(p.
8) complex (n.)
8) 复杂(n.
a group of buildings close to one another used for a common purpose (p.
用于共同目的的一组相近建筑物(p.
10) dwarfed (v.)
10) 矮(v.
caused something to seem smaller or less important (p.
导致一些东西看起来较小或不太重要(p.
13) iconic (adj.)
13) 有标志性(adj.
of or relating to an important symbol; famous and recognizable (p.
或与重要符号有关; 出名并可以辨认(第2页)。
4) innovations (n.)
4)创新 (n.
new ideas, products, or ways of doing something (p.
新的思想,产品,或做某事的方法(p.
10) landmark (n.)
10)地标 (n.
an important historical building or site; an object on land that marks a place (p.
重要历史建筑或遗址; 地上标有地标的物体(p.
14) panoramic (adj.)
14)全景 (adj.
having a complete view in every direction (p.
每一个方向都有完整的视图(p.
9) perimeter (n.)
9) 周边(n.
the measurement around the outside edge of an area or surface (p.
环绕一个区域或表面的外缘(p.
11) prominent (adj.)
11) 突出(adj.
easily seen, standing out, or important (p.
容易被看到,站出,或重要(p.
13) skeleton (n.)
13)骨架 (n.
a framework that supports a structure, such as a building (p.
一个支持建筑物等结构的框架(p.
6) vertically (adv.)
6)垂直(adv.
in a way that is straight up and down (p.
直上而下(p.
12) One World Trade Center is over 400 feet (122 m) taller than either of the original Twin Towers.
12) 1个世界贸易中心比原双塔高400多英尺(122米).