Freedom for All
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Robben Island.
内容列表 罗本岛.
4 A Free-Roaming Life.
4 自由行走的生活。
6 Learning to Listen.
6 学习倾听。
8 The Big City.
8"大城市报".
9 From Bad to Worse.
9 从坏到坏。
12 A Rising Star.
12 A 升起之星.
14 Prison Years.
14个监狱年。
19 Five-Hour Lines.
19条"五胡"线.
22 Glossary.
22 词汇表。
24 Robben Island Nelson Mandela sat on the hard ground of Robben Island before a pile of rocks.
24 罗本岛 纳尔逊·曼德拉 在一堆石头前坐在了罗本岛的硬地上.
A guard gave him a hammer and ordered him to break the rocks into gravel.
一个警卫给了他一锤子并命令他把石头打碎为砾石.
Other prisoners sat in rows near him, but they were not allowed to speak to each other.
其他囚犯在靠近他的地方排成一行地坐着,但不允许他们彼此交谈.
Mandela, forty-four years old, had been sentenced to life in prison on Robben Island, a small island off the coast of South Africa.
曼德拉,44岁,在南非近海小岛罗本岛被判处无期徒刑。
Prisoners worked all day breaking rocks.
囚犯整天打碎石头
They ate bad food, slept in tiny cells, and were treated poorly by the guards.
他们吃坏食物,睡在很小的牢房里,被警卫们对待得很差.
With no newspapers or radios, the prisoners were cut off from the rest of the world.
由于没有报纸或收音机,囚犯被切断与世界其他地方的联系。
Mandela missed his children and his wife.
曼德拉怀念他的孩子和妻子.
Every six months, he was allowed one short letter, which was opened and censored by the prison.
每六个月,就允许他写一封短信,信被监狱打开并审查。
Every six months, he was allowed one visitor, who had to speak to him through a glass window.
每六个月,就允许一名访客通过玻璃窗与他交谈。
Sitting in the dirty prison yard, Mandela longed for the open fields and freedom of his childhood.
曼德拉坐在肮脏的监狱院子里,渴望开阔的田地和童年的自由.
How had he ended up here?
他怎么会来这里?
A Free-Roaming Life Nelson Mandela was born in 1918 in a country that was very different from the South Africa of today.
1918年出生于一个与当今南非截然不同的国家,
The Dutch and British had colonized the land centuries before.
荷兰人和英国人在几个世纪前曾殖民过这片土地.
Millions of black South Africans were forced under their control.
数百万南非黑人被迫被他们控制。
The country was rich with diamond and gold mines, but the riches were not for everyone.
国家拥有丰富的钻石和金矿,但财富不是每个人的。
A small minority of white people had all the good jobs and owned ninety percent of the land.
少数白人拥有所有好工作,拥有90%的土地。
Nelson’s father, Chief Henry, was from a royal family of the Thembu (TEM-boo) tribe and had helped advise the Thembu rulers.
纳尔逊的父亲亨利酋长出自瑟姆布(英语:TEM-boo)部落的一个王室,曾帮助为瑟姆布统治者提供建议.
However, a local British official became angry at him and took his title and money when Nelson was a baby.
然而,当地一位英国官员对他大发雷霆,并在纳尔逊还小的时候夺取了他的头衔和钱财.
Nelson and his mother lived in a village near his mother’s family.
Nelson和他的母亲住在他母亲家附近的一个村庄里。
His father was often away at the homes of his three other wives.
他的父亲经常去他另外三个妻子的家里。
Rolihlahla At birth, Nelson Mandela was named Rolihlahla, which means “one who shakes the tree” in the language of the Thembu.
罗利拉拉 纳尔逊·曼德拉出生时被取名为 " Rolihlahla " ,意思是用Thembu的语言“摇起树来的人”。
Tree shaker is a term that means “someone who causes trouble or sudden change,” like when someone shakes an apple tree, causing all the fruit to tumble down at once.
树木摇动器是一个术语,意思是“制造麻烦或突然改变的人”,如有人摇动一棵苹果树,使所有水果立刻倒下。
When Rolihlahla began school at age seven, his teacher gave him a British name.
当罗利赫拉拉7岁开始上学时,他的老师给了他一个英国名字.
He became Nelson Mandela.
他成为了纳尔逊·曼德拉.
Nelson was happy playing with other boys, herding sheep and cattle, and going to school.
尼尔森高兴地与其他男孩玩弄,放羊放牛,并上学.
Then, when he was nine, his father died, and Nelson’s free-roaming life ended.
后来他九岁时,他的父亲就去世了,而尼尔森的自由行走也结束了.
One morning, his mother woke him early and told him to pack everything he owned in a bag.
一天早晨,他的母亲早早地叫醒他,并告诉他把他所有的东西都装入袋子.
As they began a long walk along dusty roads, Nelson looked back at the family’s round mud hut.
当他们开始沿着尘埃漫漫的道路走去时,纳尔逊回想起家里的圆形泥屋.
He feared he would never see his home again.
他担心再也见不到家了
Learning to Listen Late in the evening, they came to the home of Chief Jongintaba, leader of the Thembu people.
深夜学习收听,他们来到了瑟姆布人领袖宗因塔巴酋长的家.
Nelson had never seen anything like the large herds of cattle and grand houses of the “Great Place.”
纳尔逊从未见过像"大地"的一大批牛群和豪华房屋那样的东西. “
Chief Henry had been a good friend to Chief Jongintaba, and the important man wanted to raise Nelson.
酋长亨利曾是酋长琼因塔巴的好友,重要人物想抚养纳尔逊.
So Nelson’s mother left her son in his care.
所以尼尔森的母亲把儿子留给他照顾.
Nelson was lucky to live in the Great Place.
纳尔逊幸运地活在了大地.
He became friends and went to school with the chief’s son, Justice.
他成为了朋友,并与酋长的儿子Justice一起上学.
They went to meetings and listened as Chief Jongintaba settled arguments among his people.
他们参加各种会议,并听取了宗金塔巴酋长在人民中提出的论点。
Nelson saw how the chief listened to both sides before making a decision.
尼尔森看到酋长在作出决定前如何倾听双方的意见.
Nelson heard stories about those who came before him and learned about the ways of his people.
纳尔逊听说了在他之前的人的故事,并了解了自己人的方式.
He came to believe that he could be a leader.
他开始相信自己可以成为领袖.
The Big City Nelson did well in school, so Chief Jongintaba sent him to college in Fort Hare.
大城市纳尔逊在学校表现良好,于是会长琼因塔巴把他送到了哈雷堡的大学.
Here, Nelson got into his first bit of trouble.
在这里,尼尔森 进入了他的第一点麻烦。
He quit the student council in order to show support for students who were protesting the poor food at the college.
他退出了学生会,以表示对在学院抗议食物贫乏的学生的支持.
The head of the college gave him a choice: Nelson could rejoin the student council to show support for the college or be kicked out.
学院领导给了他一个选择: 尼尔森可以重新加入学生会以表示对学院的支持或者被踢出.
Nelson refused to give in and was sent home.
纳尔逊拒绝让步并被送回家.
Chief Jongintaba was angry and decided that it was time for both Justice and Nelson to get married.
首领琼因塔巴很生气,决定是时候让正义和纳尔逊都结婚.
The young men were shocked!
年轻人都震惊了!
They did not want to marry the girls whom the chief had chosen for them.
他们不想同酋长为他们选择的女孩结婚。
Instead, they sold one of the chief’s prize oxen to get money and ran away to Johannesburg, the largest city in South Africa.
而他们却卖掉酋长的一头牛来取钱,
Justice got a job as a mine clerk, and Nelson became a security guard.
Justice得到了一份矿务员的工作,尼尔森成为了一名保安.
Chief Jongintaba soon found them and demanded that they return home.
宗因塔巴酋长很快发现了他们,并要求他们回家.
Justice returned, but Nelson decided to stay alone in the big city.
正义归来,但尼尔森决定独自留在大城市.
Nelson made friends, moved into a tiny room, and finished his college degree by mail.
尼尔森交了朋友,搬入了一间小房间,通过邮寄完成了他的大学学位.
One of his new friends got him a job at a law office where he could work as a clerk while he studied for a law degree.
他的一位新朋友在律师事务所给他找了份工作,在那里他可以在学习法律学位的同时担任书记官.
The friend also brought Nelson into the African National Congress (ANC), a group that fought for equal rights for blacks.
朋友还带纳尔逊参加了非洲人国民大会(ANC),这个团体为黑人争取平等权利而斗争.
In the course of a few years, Nelson moved from village life to Johannesburg, the biggest city in South Africa.
在几年的时间里,纳尔逊从乡村生活搬到了南非约翰内斯堡这个南非最大的城市.
Soon Nelson marched in his first protest, to stop bus fare increases for poor workers.
不久纳尔逊在第一次抗议中游行,以阻止贫困工人的公交车票价上涨.
People boycotted the buses, refusing to ride them.
民众抵制公交车,拒绝乘坐.
After only nine days, the fares were reduced.
仅过了九天,票价就降低了.
Nelson was excited by their success, and in 1944 he helped found the ANC Youth League (ANCYL) as part of the ANC.
纳尔逊对他们的成功感到兴奋,1944年他帮助找到了ANC青年团(ANCYL)作为ANC的一部分.
The ANCYL wanted to plan bigger protests and boycotts.
ANCYL想策划更大的抗议和抵制.
Within a few years, the group would have more cause to protest than ever before.
在几年内,该团体将有比以往更多的抗议理由。
From Bad to Worse Only white people could vote in South Africa, and in 1948 they elected D.
从坏到坏 只有白人可以在南非投票,1948年他们选出了D.
F.
费.
Malan of the Afrikaner National Party as president.
南非国民党的马兰出任会长.
That party believed in apartheid (uh- P AR-tide), a policy that forces different races to stay segregated from each other, with different rights.
该党相信种族隔离(uh-P AR-tide),这种政策迫使不同的种族相互隔离,拥有不同的权利.
Malan supported a policy of apartheid— “apart-ness” in Afrikaans, the language of the descendants of the first Dutch settlers.
马兰支持种族隔离政策——南非荷兰语的 " 异化 " ,这是第一批荷兰定居者后裔的语言。
Apartheid signs in both English and Afrikaans kept whites apart from other races in 1950s Johannesburg and for decades after.
1950年代和之后几十年,英国和南非荷兰语的种族隔离标志使白人与其他种族保持了区别。
Notice that whites (Europeans) were referred to as “ladies” and “gentlemen,” but other races were not.
注意到白人(欧洲人)被称为“女仆”和“绅士”,但其他种族则不然。
Ethnic Groups in South Africa, 1946 White people made up only one-fifth of the population at the time apartheid went into effect.
1946年南非族裔群体 在种族隔离生效时,白人只占人口的五分之一。
Yet black people, who made up two-thirds of the population, ended up with fewer rights than any other group.
然而,占人口三分之二的黑人最终获得的权利却比任何其他群体都少。
Black: 7,832,000 White: 2,373,000 Coloured: 928,000 Indian or Asian: 285,000 All black men had to carry a pass to travel, and blacks could not be trained for good jobs.
黑:7 832 000 白:2 373 000 有色:928 000 印度或亚洲:285 000 所有黑人男子必须携带通行证出行,黑人无法接受好工作训练.
Every person was labeled by race: black, white, Coloured (mixed race), or Indian.
每个人被标注为种族:黑,白,有色(混合种族),或印地安人.
People of different races could not marry, and each race had to live in its own area.
不同种族的人不能结婚,每个种族必须生活在自己的地区.
People were often labeled by their looks, so family members might end up in different groups if some had lighter skin than others.
人们经常被外表贴上标签,因此如果一些人的皮肤比其他人更轻,那么家庭成员就可能最终会分成不同的群体.
Families with members in different groups could not live together.
有不同群体成员的家庭不能共同生活。
They could not even meet in parks or other public places because those areas were segregated, too.
他们甚至不能在公园或其他公共场所相会,因为这些地区也被隔离。
Mandela was now married with children to care for and worked long hours at the law office.
曼德拉现在与子女结婚,在律师事务所照顾和工作了很长时间。
Still, as conditions got worse, he fought harder for justice and became the president of the ANCYL in 1951.
然而,随着条件的恶化,他更加努力地争取正义,于1951年出任了ANCYL主席.
A Rising Star The next year, the African National Congress urged people not to follow the apartheid laws.
一个升起的星星 次年,非洲人国民大会敦促人们不要遵守种族隔离法.
Blacks burned their travel passes and sat down in Whites Only parts of buses.
黑人焚烧了他们的出行证,坐在了白色的只有部分公交车.
They drank from Whites Only water fountains and played in Whites Only parks.
他们从"白人"只喝自来水泉,并在"白人"只玩公园.
Mandela spoke before thousands of protesters and was arrested.
曼德拉在上千名抗议者面前讲话并被捕.
He was forbidden by law to travel, give speeches, or hold public office.
法律禁止他出行、演讲或担任公职。
Mandela continued to work for the ANC in secret.
曼德拉继续秘密地为国民大会工作。
He also helped start the first black law office in South Africa, to help people who were suffering under apartheid.
他还帮助在南非创办了第一个黑人律师事务所,以帮助在种族隔离下受苦受难的人.
Black protesters take over part of a train car marked “For Europeans Only” and shout their slogan, “Africa!”
黑人抗议者接管了一辆标有“只为欧洲人”字样的火车,
Thirty-four were later arrested.
34人后来被捕。
In 1955, Mandela was arrested again and charged with treason, or trying to bring down the government.
1955年,曼德拉被再次逮捕并被以叛国罪指控,或想推翻政府.
He was released from jail for a time, but the ban on speaking and travel continued.
他一度出狱出狱,但言论和出行禁令仍在继续.
Unhappy with the risks he took and the dangers he faced, his first wife divorced him.
他的第一任妻子和他离婚了 对他冒的风险和面对的危险感到不快
During the four-and-a-half-year trial, Mandela continued his work with the ANC in secret, but conditions got worse.
在四年半的审判中,曼德拉继续秘密地与ANC合作,但条件越来越差.
At a protest in 1960, police fired at peaceful protesters and killed sixty-nine people.
在1960年的一次抗议中,警察向和平抗议者开火并杀死了69人.
The ANC was banned.
ANC被禁赛.
A woman weeps after viewing her husband’s body.
女人在看到丈夫的尸体后会哭泣。
He was one of sixty- nine protesters shot by police during an apartheid protest in 1960.
他是1960年种族隔离抗议期间被警察枪杀的六九名抗议者之一.
Soon after, Mandela’s trial ended when he was found not guilty of treason.
不久之后,曼德拉的审判被裁定没有叛国罪而结束.
Yet Mandela knew that unless he gave up the fight for equal rights, he would soon be arrested again.
然而,曼德拉知道,除非他放弃争取平等权利的斗争,他很快就会再次被捕。
Since he refused to give up the fight, he went into hiding.
由于他拒绝放弃斗殴,他躲了起来.
Mandela felt that all those years of peaceful protests had failed, and the ANC needed to try something else.
曼德拉认为,这些年的和平抗议活动都失败了,安委会需要尝试别的办法.
In 1962, he escaped South Africa to ask leaders in other countries to help.
1962年,他逃离了南非去请求其他国家的领导人提供帮助.
Some gave him money for the fight, and others offered military training.
有些人给了他战斗的钱,其他人则提供军事训练.
He learned for the first time how to shoot a gun and make a bomb.
他首次学会了如何用枪射击并制造出炸弹.
A year later, Mandela slipped back into South Africa and started a new part of the ANC called the Spear of the Nation (MK).
一年后,曼德拉滑入了南非并开始了名为"国家之矛"(MK)的ANC新部分.
The MK wanted to force the people in power to listen to them.
MK想强迫当权者倾听他们的声音.
They planned to do this by using sabotage, such as bombing buildings or power stations.
他们计划通过使用破坏手段,如轰炸建筑或电站来做到这一点.
Unfortunately, as a result of the bombings, people died.
不幸的是,爆炸导致人员死亡。
Mandela made his plans at the MK’s secret hideout.
曼德拉在MK的秘密藏身处做了计划。
He traveled in disguise and became famous as the Black Pimpernel, a Robin Hood– type character who slipped past government traps aimed at catching him.
他以伪装出行并出名为"黑平珀内尔"(Black Pimpernel),他是一个罗宾汉(Robin Hood)的类型人物,他滑过政府陷阱,目的是要抓住他.
In 1962, Mandela was caught and sent to prison.
1962年,曼德拉被抓住并被送入监狱.
Then the police found Mandela’s secret hideout and his plans.
警方随后发现了曼德拉的秘密藏身处和他的计划.
He was charged with conspiracy to bring down the government, a crime for which he could be put to death.
他被控阴谋推翻政府,可为此被处死.
This time the verdict came quickly: guilty.
这次判决很快:有罪。
Mandela knew he would rather die than give up fighting for justice, so he prepared his final words in case he was to be hanged.
曼德拉知道宁可死也不愿放弃为正义而战,于是他准备了最后的言词来防备被绞死.
The judge instead sentenced him to life in prison.
法官却判处他终身监禁。
The Words Mandela Thought Might Be His Last “During my lifetime I have dedicated myself to this struggle of the African people.
“在我一生中,我致力于非洲人民的这场斗争。
I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination.
我反对白人统治 我反对黑人统治
I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities.
我珍视了民主和自由社会的理想,在这个社会里,所有人和谐地、机会均等地生活在一起。
It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve.
我希望能为这一理想而活并实现这一理想。
But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.”
但是,如果需要,它是一个理想 我准备去死。 “
Mandela awaits his fate—life or death—after he is found guilty in 1964.
曼德拉在1964年被判有罪后等待着他的命运——生死。
Mandela and Martin Luther King Nelson Mandela is often compared to Martin Luther King, the famous leader of the U.
曼德拉和马丁·路德·金·纳尔逊·曼德拉经常被比作是美国著名领袖马丁·路德·金.
S.
师曰.
civil rights movement.
民权运动.
Both men struggled to win equal rights for their people.
两人为赢得人民的平等权利而奋斗.
Yet while King saw progress in his country, Mandela saw the opposite in South Africa, as rights for nonwhites continued to vanish.
然而,当国王看到其国家取得进展时,曼德拉看到南非的情况正好相反,因为非白人的权利继续消失。
Unlike King, Mandela eventually decided that violence was necessary to bring about change.
与国王不同的是,曼德拉最终决定暴力对于带来变化是必要的.
“We first broke the law in a way which avoided any recourse to violence; when this form was legislated against, and then the Government resorted to a show of force to crush opposition to its policies, only then did we decide to answer with violence,” Mandela said.
“我们首先以避免诉诸暴力的方式违反了法律;当这种形式被立法禁止时,然后政府诉诸武力来粉碎对其政策的反对,但只有那时我们才决定用暴力来回答,”曼德拉说。
In the end, Mandela saw his dream of an equal South Africa come true—equal, united, and at peace.
最后,曼德拉看到了他实现平等南非的梦想——平等、团结与和平。
Prison Years Mandela’s early years in prison were hard.
曼德拉早年入狱很艰难。
Although the prisoners were not allowed to speak to one another, they found secret means of communicating, such as leaving notes under rocks or taped under toilet seats.
虽然不允许囚犯相互交谈,但他们找到了秘密的沟通手段,比如在石头下留下笔记或者在马桶座位下被录音.
Mandela demanded rights for the prisoners and that all races be treated with dignity.
曼德拉要求囚犯享有权利,并要求所有种族都得到有尊严的待遇。
The guards came to respect him.
卫所来相敬.
Over time, the prisoners got better food, books so they could study, and more freedom to talk.
随着时间的推移,囚犯们得到了更好的食物,书籍,以便他们学习,以及更多的谈话自由.
Mandela became a leader among the prisoners, who were men of different races.
曼德拉成为囚犯中的领袖,他们是不同种族的人。
He used the listening skills he had learned as a child so that everyone felt he understood their side of the story.
他使用小时候所学的收听技巧,使每个人都觉得他理解他们的故事的一面.
Many blacks thought that South Africa should be only for blacks because they were there first.
许多黑人认为南非应该只为黑人服务,因为他们先到了那里.
Mandela had once believed this, too, but he now realized that all races should have a place in a truly free country.
曼德拉也曾经相信这一点,但他现在意识到所有种族都应该在一个真正自由的国家拥有一席之地.
Mandela’s family and friends made sure the prisoners on Robben Island were not forgotten.
曼德拉的家人和朋友确保罗本岛上的囚犯不被遗忘.
They led protests and boycotts, and worked outside the country to make Mandela’s name known everywhere.
他们领导抗议和抵制活动,并在国外工作,使曼德拉的名字在各地广为人知。
Still, the government became more violent— protesters were murdered or simply disappeared.
抗议者被杀害或失踪。
Even children were attacked when they protested laws that forced them to use the Afrikaans language in schools rather than their own language.
甚至儿童在抗议法律时也遭到攻击,这些法律迫使他们在学校中使用南非荷兰语而不是自己的语言。
Other countries boycotted South Africa by not trading with them.
其他国家不与南非进行贸易,抵制南非。
By the 1980s, people around the world demanded an end to apartheid.
到1980年代,全世界人民要求结束种族隔离。
The South African government wanted Mandela to cooperate, so they moved him to a better prison on the mainland.
南非政府想让曼德拉合作,于是把他转移到了大陆更好的监狱.
They promised to free him if he spoke up against violence and the MK, but he refused unless the government cast off apartheid.
他们答应如果他说出反对暴力和MK的话就释放他,但他拒绝了,除非政府放弃种族隔离.
People protest in front of the White House during a visit from South Africa’s president in 1990.
1990年南非总统来访时,人们在白宫前抗议.
In 1989, F.
1989年,为F.
W.
维.
de Klerk was elected president.
德克勒克被选为总统.
Within months, he let Mandela go and allowed the ANC to meet.
在几个月内,他放走了曼德拉,并允许国安会开会.
Nelson Mandela, age seventy- one, walked free for the first time in twenty-seven years.
纳尔逊·曼德拉,71岁,27年来第一次自由出行.
In 1993, Mandela shared the Nobel Peace Prize with de Klerk, but his work was not done.
1993年,曼德拉与德克勒克分享了诺贝尔和平奖,但他的工作没有完成.
Now he worked to bring about free elections.
现在他努力促成自由选举.
Five-Hour Lines The country’s first free elections took place in 1994.
五行线 该国第一次自由选举于1994年举行。
Thousands of people stood in lines for up to five hours to vote for the first time.
数以千计的人排队长达5小时,首次投票.
Nelson Mandela was elected president of South Africa.
纳尔逊·曼德拉被选为南非总统.
Mandela did not want his country filled with hate and fear over things that had happened in the past, so he helped start the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC).
曼德拉不希望他的国家充满对过去所发生的事的仇恨和恐惧,因此他帮助成立了真相与和解委员会。
A person could come before the TRC and confess to things he or she had done during apartheid and not be charged with a crime.
一个人可以到真相与和解委员会面前供认自己在种族隔离期间做过的事,而不是被指控犯罪。
NELSON MANDELA TIMELINE 1918 Nelson Mandela is born.
内尔森·曼迪拉 1918年纳尔逊·曼德拉出世.
Jongintaba becomes his guardian.
Jongintaba成为他的监护人。
and goes to Johannesburg.
然后去约翰内斯堡
League is founded.
联盟成立.
policy of South Africa.
南非的政策。
Mandela and de Klerk stand with their Nobel Peace Prize gold medals and diplomas.
曼德拉和德克勒克获得诺贝尔和平奖金牌和文凭。
The prize is given to those who have made great strides toward peace.
该奖项颁给在和平方面取得巨大进展的人。
People line up for miles to vote in South Africa’s first all-race elections in 1994.
人们排成一行,准备在南非1994年的第一次全种族选举中投票。
Some considered the TRC process unfair; however, it helped bring to light the truth about crimes that happened under apartheid.
一些人认为真相与和解委员会的程序不公平;然而,它有助于揭示种族隔离期间所犯罪行的真相。
Those who had suffered under the old laws sometimes discovered what had happened to friends or relatives who had disappeared.
根据旧法受苦受难者有时会发现失踪的朋友或亲属的遭遇.
Mandela retired after his first term as president.
曼德拉在第一任总统后退休.
He finally moved back to his childhood village, but he did not retire from helping his people.
他终于搬回了童年时代的村庄,但是他并没有因为帮助自己的人民而退休.
He met with world leaders to advance his country and peace around the world, and he started the Nelson Mandela Children’s Fund to help children.
他会见了世界领导人,以推进他的国家和世界各地的和平,他还创办了纳尔逊·曼德拉儿童基金来帮助儿童.
After a long illness, he died in 2013.
在长期患病后于2013年去世.
Mandela’s belief in talking with everyone, rather than just one side, helped to establish a country where all people are treated equally under the law.
曼德拉相信与每个人对话,而不仅仅是一方,这有助于建立一个所有人依法获得平等待遇的国家。
Today, Nelson Mandela remains a lasting symbol of freedom for all.
今天,纳尔逊·曼德拉仍然是所有人自由的持久象征。
Glossary apartheid (n.)
种族隔离(n.)
an official policy of racial segregation in South Africa, now ended, that discriminated against people who were not white (p.
南非官方的种族隔离政策,现已结束,歧视非白人(p.
12) boycotted (v.)
12)被抵制(五.
refused to buy or take part in something in order to make a point or force a change (p.
拒绝购买或参与某事,以表明观点或强迫改变(p.
11) censored (v.)
11)被审查(五.
removed words or other content viewed as threatening or offensive (p.
删除了被视为威胁或冒犯的文字或其他内容(p.
5) colonized (v.)
5) 被殖民化(五.
established an area or a country that was ruled by or belonged to another country (p.
建立被另一国统治或属于另一国的地区或国家(p.
6) conspiracy (n.)
6) 阴谋 (n.
the act of two or more people secretly plotting to do something illegal or harmful (p.
两人或两人以上秘密策划从事非法或有害的行为(p.
18) dignity (n.)
18) 尊严(n.)
worthiness of respect or esteem (p.
尊重或尊重的价值(p.
19) minority (n.)
19) 少数民族(n.)
a small group within a larger population; less than half (p.
(一) 人口较多的少数群体;
6) protesting (v.)
6)抗议(五.
expressing strong disagreement or disapproval (p.
表示强烈异议或不同意(p.
9) reconciliation (n.)
9) 核对(不详)
the process of two or more people or groups settling a disagreement and becoming friendly again (p.
两个或两个以上的人或团体解决分歧并再次变得友好的过程(p.
22) sabotage (n.)
22) 破坏(n.
the intentional destruction of or interference with something in order to make it not work (p.
故意破坏或干扰某物使其无效(p.
17) segregated (adj.)
17) 隔离(adj.)
kept apart based on group differences, such as race (p.
根据种族(p.
12) sentenced (v.)
(五.)
formally declared a punishment given to someone by a court of law (p.
法院正式宣布对某人的惩罚(p.
4) 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 1956 Mandela is charged with treason.
4) 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2010 1956 (中文(简体) ). 曼德拉被控叛国.
is banned.
已经禁止。
given life in prison.
在监狱里生活
released from prison.
释放。
of South Africa.
南非
he started.
他开始了。
Mandela dies.
曼德拉会死