Mount Kilimanjaro
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents An Unexpected Coldness.
(原始内容存档于2018-09-21). Tool of Course An Unextant Coldness.
4 The Roof of Africa.
4. 非洲屋顶。
5 Three Peaks.
5 三峰峰(原变种).
6 The Chagga People.
6 查加人.
9 Visiting Kilimanjaro.
9出访乞力马扎罗.
10 Plants and Animals.
10 动植物.
12 A Symbol of Freedom.
12 《自由的象征》。
14 The Jewel of Africa.
14 非洲之珠。
15 Glossary.
15 词汇。
16 An Unexpected Coldness The date was May 11, 1848.
16 出乎意料的寒冷 日期为1848年5月11日.
Johannes Rebmann and Johann Ludwig Krapf, two German missionaries, were traveling along a route in East Africa, accompanied by a local African guide and eight porters.
约翰内斯·雷布曼(Johannes Rebmann)和约翰·路德维希·克拉普夫(Johann Ludwig Krapf)是两名德国传教士,在东非的一条路线上行走,并有一位当地的非洲导游和八名搬运工陪同.
That morning, Rebmann spotted what looked like a white cloud on top of a high mountain.
那天早上 Rebmann在高山上发现了一朵白色的云
As they drew closer, Rebmann began to doubt that what he was seeing was a cloud at all.
当他们靠近时,雷布曼开始怀疑他所看到的是一团云.
He asked the guide about it.
他问向导此事.
The guide said he assumed it was something cold.
导游说他觉得这很冷
(The guide had no experience with snow or ice, and no word for either one.)
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Seeing snow and ice on the top of a tall mountain is normally not that strange.
在高山顶上看到雪和冰通常并不奇怪.
Rebmann had good reason to be curious, however.
不过雷布曼有很好的理由好奇
The mountain was only about 322 kilometers (200 mi.)
该山只有约322公里(200米.
first Europeans to see Mount Kilimanjaro.
最早的欧洲人看到乞力马扎罗山
Rebmann’s report of having seen snow on Mount Kilimanjaro was met with disbelief by members of the Geographical Society of London who felt certain that snow could not fall so close to the equator.
Rebmann关于看到乞力马扎罗山上下雪的报告受到伦敦地理学学会成员的质疑,他们确信雪不会落到如此接近赤道的地方。
The Roof of Africa As the highest peak on the continent of Africa, Mount Kilimanjaro has earned the nickname “the roof of Africa.”
非洲屋顶 作为非洲大陆最高峰,乞力马扎罗山获得了“非洲屋顶”的绰号。 “
The mountain measures 5,895 meters (19,341 ft.)
山高5,895米(19,341英尺).
in altitude and rises 4,877 meters (16,000 ft.)
以海拔高度并起升至4,877米(16,000英尺).
above the surrounding land.
在周围的土地之上。
It is also the world’s tallest freestanding mountain—one not part of a mountain range.
它也是世界上最高的独立山——不是山脉的一部分。
Mount Kilimanjaro is located in the country of Tanzania (tan-zuh-NEE-uh), close to its border with Kenya.
乞力马扎罗山位于坦桑尼亚境内(tan-zuh-NEE-uh),靠近与肯尼亚接壤.
Kilimanjaro National Park, a World Heritage Site, was established in 1973 to protect the area of the mountain above the tree line.
乞力马扎罗国家公园是一座世界遗产地,成立于1973年,用于保护树线上方的山地.
The park was expanded in 2005 to protect the forested areas lower down on its slopes.
公园于2005年被扩建,以保护其坡地下行下行的林地.
As a national park, the mountain’s habitats and life forms are under the protection of the Tanzanian government.
作为国家公园,该山的栖息地和生命形式受到坦桑尼亚政府的保护.
Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania, Africa Tanzania Kenya Uganda Somalia Mount Kilimanjaro National Park INDIAN OCEAN LAKE VICTORIA Burundi Rwanda AFRICA 0 125 km (78 miles) Three Peaks Mount Kilimanjaro began as a volcano.
坦桑尼亚乞力马扎罗山,非洲 坦桑尼亚 肯尼亚 乌干达 索马里乞力马扎罗山国家公园 印度洋湖流域 布隆迪 卢旺达 非洲 0 125公里(78英里) 三峰克山乞力马扎罗起为火山.
It started forming about 750,000 years ago as a result of eruptions in the Great Rift Valley, an enormous crack in Earth’s crust located in East Africa.
它在大约75万年前开始由大裂谷的喷发而形成,这是地壳中位于东非的巨大裂口.
Those eruptions created Shira, Kilimanjaro’s oldest volcano.
这些喷发造就了乞力马扎罗最古老的火山希拉.
Shira stopped erupting some 500,000 years ago, leaving a huge caldera when it collapsed.
希拉在大约50万年前停止了爆发,当它倒塌时留下了巨大的钙.
Over the next 40,000 years, two other volcanoes, Mawenzi and Kibo, formed.
在接下来的四万年中,另外两座火山马文齐和基博相继形成.
Repeated eruptions over time caused Kibo’s summit to grow taller than the other two and created various features in all three peaks.
随着时间的流逝,基博的峰顶比其他两个峰高,并在所有三个峰顶上创造了各种特征.
The most recent strong eruption occurred about 200 years ago.
最近一次强烈喷发发生在大约200年前.
Kilimanjaro is the tallest volcano outside of South America.
乞力马扎罗火山是南美洲以外最高的火山.
Shira and Mawenzi are extinct—not expected to erupt again.
希拉和马文齐已灭绝,
Kibo is dormant, meaning it may erupt again in the future.
Kibo休眠了,意味着它将来可能再次爆发.
Glaciers have also helped shape Mount Kilimanjaro.
冰川还帮助塑造了乞力马扎罗山.
Because of their great weight, they have carved the underlying rock into ridges and valleys as they have moved downhill.
因为他们的重心很大,他们把地底的岩石雕刻成山脊和山谷,就像他们向下行走.
It may seem surprising that Kilimanjaro has glaciers at all since it’s located so close to the equator.
似乎令人惊讶的是, 乞力马扎罗有冰川,
The whiteness of the glaciers reflects much of the sunlight that reaches them, allowing their ice to remain cool.
冰川的白度反映了大部分到达它们的阳光,使得它们的冰能保持凉爽.
Naming the Mountain No one knows how Mount Kilimanjaro got its name or what the name means.
命名山区 没有人知道乞力马扎罗山是怎样得到它的名字,或者这个名字的意思.
The local people, the Chagga, have no name for the entire mountain in their language—just the individual peaks.
当地人,即查加人,用他们的语言——只用个别的山峰——来称呼整个山。
No other languages offer good clues, either.
也没有其他语言提供好的线索
The contrast between Kilimanjaro’s black rock and white glaciers is part of its beauty.
乞力马扎罗黑岩与白地冰川的对比是其美观的一部分.
Even so, the mountain’s glaciers are slowly melting because of global warming as well as nearby forests being cut down.
即使如此,由于全球变暖以及附近的森林被砍伐,山地冰川正在缓慢融化。
The loss of trees reduces the amount of moisture in the air around the mountain.
失去树木会减少山上周围空气中的水分.
This leads to fewer clouds and less rain in the area, which increases evaporation of moisture from the glaciers.
这导致该地区的云量和雨量减少,从而增加了冰川出水分的蒸发.
Kilimanjaro’s glaciers have lost more than four-fifths of their mass since 1912, when they were first measured.
乞力马扎罗冰川自1912年首次被测出后已损失了超过五分之四的质量.
Some researchers predict that they may disappear completely by 2060.
一些研究者预测到2060年它们可能完全消失.
The ice in glaciers holds important historical information about Earth’s atmosphere and climate.
冰川中的冰层蕴藏着地球大气层和气候的重要历史信息.
Kilimanjaro’s ice holds the only such information for all of Africa.
基利马扎罗的冰层是整个非洲唯一的此类信息。
If it melts, that information will be lost forever.
如果它融化,这个信息将永远被丢失。
So will much of Kilimanjaro’s beauty.
乞力马扎罗的美丽也一样。
Do You Know?
你知道吗?
Ice cores are cylinders of ice drilled out of an ice sheet or glacier.
冰芯是从冰盖或冰川中钻出出冰的圆柱.
Bubbles in the ice hold samples of Earth’s atmosphere from thousands or even hundreds of thousands of years ago.
冰中的泡泡蕴藏着数千年前甚至数十万年前地球大气层的样本。
Scientists study these air pockets to measure how the makeup of gases in the atmosphere has changed over long periods of time.
科学家研究这些气口,以测量大气中气体的构成在长时间内是如何变化的.
Ice cores also hold clues about past temperatures and other aspects of the environment.
冰芯还掌握了过去温度以及环境其他方面的线索.
The Chagga People People have lived on or near Mount Kilimanjaro since at least 1000 bce.
查加人组织 乞力马扎罗山上或附近至少自1000bce起就有人居住.
Several different tribes were living in the area when the Chagga people arrived several hundred years ago.
几个不同的部落居住在该地区,当时恰加人是在几百年前抵达的。
Over time, only the Chagga remained.
随着时间的推移,只剩下查加人。
They were made up of many different clans until Germany took control of the area in the late 1800s.
他们由许多不同的部族所组成,直到1800年代末德国控制了这一地区.
At that point, the clans united to form one group.
此时,各氏族联合成一派.
Today, the Chagga are one of Tanzania’s largest and most prosperous ethnic groups.
今天,查加是坦桑尼亚最大和最繁荣的族裔群体之一。
They are farmers who grow coffee, bananas, and other crops in Kilimanjaro’s rich volcanic soil.
他们都是种植咖啡、香蕉等作物的农民,
Due to their early dealings with Germans, the Chagga have had access to Western education and other opportunities longer than most other African tribes.
由于早年与德意志人交往,查加人获得西方教育和其他机会的时间比大多数非洲部落长.
That contact has changed their traditional way of life, but they still have a strong sense of pride in their cultural identity.
这种接触改变了他们的传统生活方式,但他们仍然对自己的文化特性感到很自豪。
The Chagga people live around the base of Mount Kilimanjaro.
查加人居住在乞力马扎罗山地基一带.
Traditional Chagga culture is kept alive in small villages.
传统的查加克文化在小村庄中得以活下来.
Visiting Kilimanjaro At least twenty-five thousand people from around the world climb Mount Kilimanjaro each year.
访问乞力马扎罗 每年至少有2.5万人来自世界各地登上乞力马扎罗山.
As the tallest mountain in Africa, Kilimanjaro is one of the Seven Summits— the highest peaks on Earth’s seven continents.
作为非洲最高的山,乞力马扎罗是七大高峰之一——地球上七大洲最高的高峰.
Climbing these seven peaks is a goal of many mountaineers.
攀登这七座山峰是许多登山者的目标.
Kilimanjaro is one of the easiest of the Seven Summits to climb.
乞力马扎罗是"七峰"中最容易攀登的国家之一.
Most of the routes to Kibo’s peak do not require training.
前往基波高峰的大部分路线不需要训练.
Climbers don’t need ropes or mountaineering gear—just good hiking boots and camping equipment.
登山者不需要绳子或登山工具,
Still, Kilimanjaro is not an easy climb.
尽管如此,乞力马扎罗并不容易攀登.
To avoid altitude sickness, climbers must be careful to adjust slowly to the thinner air as they move up the mountain.
为避免海拔疾病,登山者在上山行走时必须小心地慢慢地适应更薄的空气.
A round-trip climb typically takes between five and nine days.
来回攀登一般需要5到9天.
About two-thirds of the people who attempt it succeed.
约三分之二的尝试成功的人.
Uhuru Peak is the highest point on the rim of Kibo’s crater.
乌胡鲁峰是基博陨石坑环形山上的最高点.
Reaching Kibo’s summit isn’t the only reason to travel to Kilimanjaro.
前往乞力马扎罗并非唯一的理由。
Many nature hikes are available for less ambitious visitors.
许多自然登山活动可供不太雄心勃勃的游客使用。
These include day trips to Lake Chala, a beautiful crater lake, and Shira Plateau, which formed when Kilimanjaro’s first volcano collapsed.
其中包括前往一个美丽的陨石坑湖查拉湖和希拉高原的白天出行,在乞力马扎罗第一座火山倒塌后形成.
Trout fishing is popular in Kilimanjaro’s rivers, and the entire area is great for photography.
在乞力马扎罗的河流中,
Tourism brings more than $20 million each year into the local economy.
旅游业每年为当地经济带来2000多万美元.
Mountain climbing and other activities create jobs for guides, porters, hotel staff, food producers, travel agents, construction workers, and others, boosting the economy of the region.
登山等活动为导游,搬运工,酒店工作人员,食品生产经营者,旅行社,建筑工人等创造了工作机会,促进了该地区的经济.
Lake Chala looks blue, turquoise, or green, depending on the time of year.
查拉湖外观为蓝色,有绿地,或绿地,视年份而定.
Plants and Animals One of the amazing parts of the experience of climbing Kilimanjaro is the changing scenery.
动植物 攀登乞力马扎罗的经历中令人惊叹的一面是变化中的景色.
Climbers pass through several different ecosystems as they move up the mountain.
攀登者在上山行走时经过了几个不同的生态系统.
small villages.
小村庄。
the most rainfall.
降雨量最多。
Monkeys, elephants, leopards, giraffes, rhinos, and other animals are present but hard to spot.
猴子,大象,豹子,长颈鹿,犀牛等动物都存在,但很难发现.
The cultivated zone is located around the base of the mountain.
种植区地处山地基周围.
Elephant’s trunk flower, which grows in the forest on the cool upland slopes, is Mount Kilimanjaro’s semiofficial symbol.
大象树干花是乞力马扎罗山半官方标志,
freezing at night.
晚上冷冻。
Climbers often see clouds at eye level.
攀登者经常在眼平面上看到云.
Wild grasses and giant heathers are the main vegetation.
野生草地和巨型加热器为主要植被.
The most common animal is the four-striped grass mouse.
最常见的动物是四条纹草鼠.
Larger animals sometimes wander up the slopes but don’t stay long.
大型动物有时会爬上山坡,
and a high-altitude spider.
和一个高空的蜘蛛。
lack of water.
缺乏水。
Lichens are the main life forms.
利琴是主要的生命形式.
Giant groundsels, which live in the moorland zone, are high-altitude plants in the sunflower family.
巨地花属(学名:Conus servicus)是地表花科下的一个属,为高海拔植物,为向日葵科下的一个属.
A Symbol of Freedom Tanzania, where Mount Kilimanjaro is located, was called Tanganyika (tang-guh-NYEE- kuh) before it gained independence from Britain in 1961.
乞力马扎罗山所在的坦桑尼亚自由的象征,在1961年从英国独立之前被取名为坦噶尼喀(tang-guh-NYEE- kuh).
Two years earlier, the country’s future president, Julius Nyerere (nih-RAIR-ee), said, “We, the people of Tanganyika, would like to light a candle and put it on the top of Mount Kilimanjaro.”
两年前,该国未来的总统朱利叶斯·尼雷尔(英语:Julius Nyerere (nih-RAIR-ee))说道:"我们坦噶尼喀人民想点起蜡烛并把它放入乞力马扎罗山顶. “
He envisioned the candle shining beyond Tanganyika’s borders, “giving hope where there was despair, love where there was hate, and dignity where before there was only humiliation.”
他预想着蜡烛会照出坦噶尼喀的边界外, “
Because of Nyerere’s words, Kilimanjaro has become a symbol for independence for all of Africa.
因为尼雷尔的话,乞力马扎罗成为了整个非洲独立的象征.
Kibo’s summit, called Uhuru Peak, gets its name from the Swahili word for “freedom.”
Kibo的高峰被称作Uhuru峰, “
Julius Nyerere served as president of Tanzania from 1964 to 1985.
朱利叶斯·尼雷尔从1964年到1985年出任坦桑尼亚总统.
The Jewel of Africa Mount Kilimanjaro is a rich natural area that is home to a wide variety of plants and animals, some found nowhere else on Earth.
非洲之珠(英語:Jewel of Africa Mount Killimanjaro)是一个富饶的自然地區,是多种动植物的栖息地,有的发现于地球上别处.
It is also a dramatic example of the creative force of volcanoes and a fascinating part of Earth’s geologic history.
它也是火山创造力的戏剧性例子,也是地球地质史上令人着迷的一部分。
To travelers who come from every corner of the world, Kilimanjaro is a mountain to climb and a personal goal to reach.
对于来自世界每个角落的旅行者来说,乞力马扎罗是一座要攀登的山,也是个人要达到的目标.
To local people, it is a source of prosperity and pride as well as a powerful symbol of freedom and self-government.
对当地人民来说,它是繁荣和自豪的源泉,也是自由和自治的有力象征。
And to people from all walks of life who are lucky enough to see it, Mount Kilimanjaro is a place of stunning beauty.
而对于各行各业的幸运者来说 乞力马扎罗山是美丽的地方
Author Ernest Hemingway described Mount Kilimanjaro as “wide as all the world, great, high and unbelievably white in the sun.”
作者欧内斯特·海明威(Ernest Hemingway)将乞力马扎罗山描述为"同全世界一样,阳光下伟大,高高而令人难以置信的白色. “
Glossary altitude sickness (n.)
词汇高度疾病(n.)