of Happiness
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Introduction.
导言表。
4 Growth and Happiness.
4,增长与幸福.
5 Four Pillars of Happiness.
5"幸福"四大支柱.
7 Measuring Happiness.
7,衡量幸福.
10 A World of Happy People.
10 一个快乐人的世界。
14 Glossary.
14 词汇表。
16 oversees the power of the king, in 2008.
2008年,16个监督国王的权力。
Introduction What exactly is happiness?
导言 什么是快乐?
Is it a moment of joy or laughter?
是快乐还是欢笑?
Or is it something more?
还是更多?
The citizens of Bhutan (boo-TAHN) think of happiness as contentment or satisfaction.
不丹公民(boo-TAHN)认为幸福是满足或满足.
The leaders of Bhutan believe happiness is more important than money.
不丹领导人认为幸福比金钱更重要.
That’s why this tiny mountain kingdom surveys its citizens every few years to see just how happy they are.
所以这个小小的山地王国每隔几年就调查公民,
The Bhutanese government uses this information to improve life in the country nicknamed “The Kingdom of Happiness.”
不丹政府利用这一信息来改善被称为“幸福王国”的国家的生活。 “
Four Fast Facts About Bhutan 1.
关于不丹的四起快事 1. 联合国
Bhutan is nestled in the Himalaya Mountains between China and India.
不丹地处中印相接的喜马拉雅山脉中.
The country is about the size of Switzerland.
国家面积与瑞士相仿.
many citizens also speak English.
许多公民也讲英语。
arrows.
箭头.
Today, archery is the national sport.
今天,射箭是国家运动。
oversees the power of the king, in 2008.
2008年,监督国王的权力。
Bhutan’s landscape ranges from low plains in the south to the towering Himalaya Mountains in the north.
不丹地貌从南部低平地到北部高耸的喜马拉雅山脉.
Growth and Happiness Bhutan’s first happiness survey was taken in 2007.
2007年,不丹进行了第一次幸福增长调查。
However, the idea of tracking the nation’s happiness came about long before that.
然而,追踪国家幸福的想法早在那时就开始了。
In 1972, Jigme Singye Wangchuck became king of Bhutan.
1972年,吉格梅·辛格耶·旺楚克出任不丹国王.
He was just sixteen years old.
他才16岁
The teenage king wanted to help his country prosper while remaining true to its values.
少年国王希望帮助他的国家繁荣,同时忠于其价值观。
He felt that the way other nations thought about prosperity was wrong for Bhutan.
他认为其他国家认为繁荣的方式对不丹是错误的。
Most other nations use a measurement called Gross Domestic Product (GDP) to track and guide growth.
其他大多数国家采用称为国内生产总值(国内总产值)的衡量方法来跟踪和指导增长。
GDP measures the value of all the goods and services produced in a country.
国内生产总值衡量一国生产的所有货物和服务的价值。
Buying and selling were not the driving force in Bhutanese culture, however.
然而,买卖并不是不丹文化的动力。
The country has many farms and villages but few factories and cities.
该国有许多农场和村庄,但工厂和城市很少。
Bhutan is also mainly a Buddhist nation.
不丹也是一个佛教国家。
Buddhists believe that achieving happiness is an important step in leading a fulfilling life.
佛教徒认为,实现幸福是过上满足生活的重要一步.
For them, being happy is not about money.
对他们来说,快乐与金钱无关。
To achieve happiness, they believe a person must examine and improve many aspects of life: spiritual, physical, social, and environmental.
为了实现幸福,他们认为一个人必须检查和改善生活的许多方面:精神、身体、社会和环境。
King Wangchuck was convinced that the country as a whole should focus on these things, too.
汪楚克国王深信,整个国家也应该关注这些事.
It didn’t make sense to focus only on money.
仅仅关注金钱是没有道理的。
The king felt that increasing the Bhutanese people’s happiness, not just its wealth, was the way to grow and thrive.
国王觉得,增加不丹人民的幸福,而不仅仅是其财富,是成长和繁荣的途径.
The Tiger’s Nest Monastery clings to a cliff thousands of feet above the Paro Valley in Bhutan.
虎巢修道院紧贴着不丹帕罗河谷上数千英尺高的悬崖.
Four Pillars of Happiness The Bhutanese government created the idea of Gross National Happiness (GNH) as a guide for running the country.
四根幸福支柱 不丹政府创立了"国民幸福总值"(GNH)作为管理国家的指导思想.
The popular young king and his ministers discussed how they might promote happiness when making important decisions.
受欢迎的年轻国王和他的大臣们讨论了他们在做出重要决策时如何能促进幸福.
They considered four key areas, or “pillars,” tied to the Buddhist idea of happiness.
他们考虑了四个关键领域,即“支柱”,与佛教的幸福观念有关。
The first pillar was about how people were governed.
第一个支柱是人民如何治理。
This was important because policies and laws determine how citizens live their lives.
这一点很重要,因为政策和法律决定公民如何生活。
The second pillar examined how people worked and played together, which can affect their mental state and happiness.
第二个支柱研究了人们是如何一起工作和演奏的,这可以影响他们的精神状态和幸福.
The third pillar was about preserving Bhutanese culture.
第三个支柱是保护不丹文化。
This was critical for Bhutanese identity.
这对不丹人的身份至关重要。
The final pillar explored people’s relationship to their environment.
最后的支柱探讨了人们与环境的关系。
Gross National Happiness The measurement for Gross National Happiness is based on Bhutanese values: 1.
国民幸福总值 衡量国民幸福总值的依据是不丹的价值观: 1. 联合国
Good governance 2.
善治 2. 联合国
Sustainable socioeconomic development 3.
可持续社会经济发展 3 (中文(简体) ).
Preservation and promotion of culture 4.
保护和促进文化 4. 国家
Environmental conservation Bhutan’s leaders believed these four pillars must be in balance for their citizens to achieve happiness in life.
不丹的环境保护领导人认为,这四个支柱必须保持平衡,才能让公民在生活中实现幸福。
At first, the four pillars were only simple suggestions for the Bhutanese people’s happiness.
起初,这四大支柱只是对不丹人民幸福的简单建议.
Nothing was measured, no data captured.
没有测量,也没有采集到数据。
Bhutan was a secluded land, shielded from the modern world by the massive Himalaya Mountains.
不丹是一个被隔绝的土地,被巨大的喜马拉雅山脉所屏蔽。
It didn’t trade much with Western nations.
与西方国家贸易不多。
Few visitors came to the country.
很少有游客来到这个国家。
Then things began to change.
然后事情开始改变。
Bhutan suddenly became a destination for tourists who wanted to find out more about the secluded kingdom.
不丹突然成为游客的目的地,他们想更多地了解被隔离的王国.
Giant prayer wheels can be found all over Bhutan, from bus stops to monasteries.
从公交车站到寺院,
Do You Know?
你知道吗?
There are no stoplights in Bhutan.
不丹没有停车灯。
One was put up in the capital city of Thimphu, but it was removed.
其一被立于通武府,后被取出.
Citizens felt that a stoplight was just too modern.
市民觉得停电太现代了
Instead, a traffic officer directs cars through the city’s downtown.
而交通官则通过市区指挥汽车。
In 1999, the Bhutanese government allowed television and the Internet inside its borders for the first time.
1999年,不丹政府首次允许国内的电视和互联网。
Bhutan’s citizens began to learn more about the world outside their own country, and the world learned more about Bhutan.
不丹公民开始更多地了解本国以外的世界,世界也更多地了解不丹.
People were attracted to Bhutan’s untouched beauty and its peaceful lifestyle.
不丹的美丽与和平的生活方式吸引了人们。
Visitors to Bhutan found a land where time was less rushed.
访问不丹的游客发现一块时间不太匆忙的土地。
At school and at work, people dressed in traditional Bhutanese clothing.
在学校和工作场所,人们穿着传统的不丹服装。
Signs along the roads encouraged citizens to connect with nature.
沿途的标志鼓励了市民与自然相接.
Meditation—sitting quietly for a time with one’s thoughts—was part of the daily routine.
默想,静静地静静地思考,是日常工作的一部分。
People spent time with their families.
人们花时间和家人在一起。
All these things contributed to the population’s sense of well-being.
所有这些因素都促进了人民的福祉感。
Morning meditation is part of the GNH school curriculum.
晨冥是GNH学校课程的一部分.
Measuring Happiness The dawn of a new century brought changes to Bhutan.
衡量幸福 新世纪的到来给不丹带来了变化。
Technology found its way through the mountains that had protected Bhutan from outside influences.
技术通过山来保护不丹免受外来影响。
The once-secluded kingdom found itself with one foot in the past and the other in the modern world.
一度被封为"被封"的王国,在过去和现代都发现自己有一脚.
Now Bhutanese children watched television and played video games after meditation.
现在不丹儿童在冥想后观看了电视并播放了电子游戏.
Citizens in traditional dress used cell phones.
穿着传统服装的公民使用手机。
The country’s leaders were concerned that the old traditions and values would be lost.
该国领导人担心旧的传统和价值观会丧失。
If that happened, the original sense of what brought the Bhutanese people happiness might also be lost.
如果发生这种情况,给不丹人民带来幸福的最初感觉也可能丧失了。
Bhutan needed a systematic way to prevent this loss.
不丹需要一种系统的方法来防止这种损失。
By measuring happiness regularly, the Bhutanese government could track changes and find ways to address these concerns.
通过定期衡量幸福,不丹政府可以跟踪变化并找到解决这些关切的方法。
A group of young monks gather around a cell phone at a monastery in Paro, Bhutan.
一群年轻的僧侣聚集在不丹帕罗一所修道院的手机周围.
Deciding how to measure a country’s happiness was a big challenge.
决定如何衡量一个国家的幸福是一个巨大的挑战。
The Bhutanese Ministry of Planning went to work.
不丹计划部开始工作。
First, they created nine areas, or “domains,” that were based on the four pillars of happiness.
首先,他们创造了基于幸福四大支柱的九个领域,即“领域”。
The domains were then broken down into dozens of categories.
然后将域细分为数十个类别。
When considered together, the domains and categories give a complete happiness picture called the Gross National Happiness (GNH) Index.
综合考虑后,域和类别给出了完整的幸福图景,称为"国民幸福总值(GNH)指数".
The index is a scale that could be used to measure happiness in the kingdom.
该指数是一个可以用来衡量王国中幸福的尺度.
The next step was to use these categories to create many questions about people’s personal satisfaction.
下一步是利用这些类别来制造关于人们个人满意度的许多问题.
People were asked questions such as “How much do you enjoy life?”
人们被问到“你有多享受生活? “
Source: GNH Centre Bhutan The Nine Domains of GNH Gross National Happiness Environment Living Standards Well-Being Health Time Use Education Cultural Resilience Good Governance Community Vitality The questions were put into a survey for citizens.
资料来源:不丹GNH中心。 GNH的"九大领域" GNH Gross National Happiness Environment Environmental Living Standard 健康时期的美好生活标准 利用教育 文化复原力 善治 社区活力 这些问题已纳入公民调查。
Each answer had a number value.
每个答案都有数字值。
The values of the answers were added up to get a score for each person.
答案的数值被加起来以获得每个人的分数.
Survey teams traveled to remote mountain villages, valley farms, and main cities.
勘察组出行到边远山地村,谷地农场等主要城市.
The teams explained to citizens what the survey was about and how the results would be used to improve Bhutan.
小组向公民解释了调查的内容,以及如何利用调查结果改善不丹。
In 2007, the government tested the survey in some districts.
2007年,政府在一些县对调查进行了测试.
In 2010, the survey was ready to be given across the whole country.
2010年,调查准备在全国进行。
That year more than seven thousand citizens out of over seven hundred thousand provided information.
这一年,70多万公民中有7 000多人提供了信息。
The results were analyzed using the GNH Index.
利用GNH指数分析了结果。
The higher the number, the greater the happiness level.
数字越高,幸福程度越高.
The survey found that overall, certain groups were the least happy.
调查发现,总的来说,某些群体最不高兴。
These included women, farmers, and people who were uneducated or elderly.
这些人包括妇女、农民和未受教育者或老年人。
Improvements in health care and living standards followed.
保健和生活水平也随之得到提高。
Then another survey was done in 2015.
随后在2015年又进行了一次调查.
Those results were compared with the 2010 survey results.
这些结果与2010年的调查结果进行了比较。
The government learned that Bhutan’s overall level of happiness rose by 1.
政府得知不丹的整体幸福水平上升了1.
8 percent.
百分之八。
More than 43 percent of the population was considered deeply happy.
43%以上的人口被认为非常幸福。
Is Everybody Happy?
大家都开心吗?