An Unsung Hero
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Introduction.
导言表。
4 Jumping Joe.
4跳乔.
6 Joe Sets Another Record.
6,乔另设记录.
14 More Records for Joe.
14 更多记录乔。
19 Conclusion.
19 结论。
21 Glossary.
21 词汇表。
23 Index.
23 指数。
24 Space exploration has many heroes.
24个 太空探索有许多英雄.
If you were asked to name a few, you might mention Yuri Gagarin, the first person to travel into space, or Neil Armstrong, the first person to walk on the moon.
如果你被要求举出几个名字,你可能会提到第一个进入太空的人尤里·加加林,或者尼尔·阿姆斯特朗,第一个在月球上行走的人.
Or you might name Alan Shepard, John Glenn, or Sally Ride, all well-known American astronauts.
或者你可以给艾伦·谢帕德、约翰·格伦或莎莉·莱德起名 这些都是美国著名宇航员
But you probably would not include Joe Kittinger on your list.
但你可能不会把乔·基廷格列入你的名单
He is an unsung hero.
他是无名英雄
However, many people regard Joe as a true pioneer of space exploration.
然而,许多人认为, 乔是太空探索的真正先驱
Joe Kittinger was neither an ordinary space explorer nor an actual astronaut or cosmonaut.
乔·基廷格既不是普通的太空探险家,也不是真正的宇航员或宇航员.
However, what Joe did probably took more courage than that of any astronaut who climbed into a space shuttle or capsule and rocketed into space.
然而,乔所做的可能比任何登上航天飞机或太空舱并被火箭送入太空的宇航员都更需要勇气.
What did Joe do that was so extraordinary?
乔做了什么这么了不起的事?
Let’s find out.
让我们看看。
Jumping Joe Before humans were zooming into space in rocket-propelled capsules, Joe Kittinger was flying high-altitude balloons into the very edge of space.
在人类在火箭推进的太空舱中放大前跳跃乔,乔·基廷格正将高空气球飞入太空的边缘.
It was all part of a U.
这都是U的一部分。
S.
师曰.
Air Force project called Project Manhigh.
空军项目名为"万高计划".
The project’s purpose was to test what would happen to humans who spent a long time in conditions similar to those found in outer space.
该项目的目的是测试在与在外太空发现的情况相类似的条件下长时间度过的人类将遭遇什么。
In June 1957, Joe made his first balloon flight into the stratosphere and reached an altitude of 29,565 meters (97,000 ft).
1957年6月,乔首次将气球飞入平流层并达到29,565米(97,000英尺)的高度.
He was aloft for almost seven hours.
他走了近七个小时
The information gathered from high- altitude balloon flights by Joe and others was invaluable to NASA ’s planning for the first human space flights.
Joe和其他人从高空气球飞行中收集的信息对美国航天局规划首次载人航天飞行是十分宝贵的。
Later, Joe was the engineer for Project Excelsior, a U.
后来,乔出任工程Excelsior的工程师,一个U.
S.
师曰.
Air Force project to develop safe ways to escape from high-altitude aircraft and spaceships.
空军计划开发出从高空飞机和航天飞船出逃的安全方法.
In August 1960, a year before Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first person considered to travel into space, Joe Kittinger accomplished an equally incredible feat.
1960年8月,在俄罗斯宇航员尤里·加加林成为被认为第一个进入太空的人的一年之前,乔·基廷格完成了同样令人难以置信的壮举.
He rode in a balloon filled with helium gas to a distance of 31,333 meters (102,800 ft) above Earth.
他骑着一个充满氦气的气球,到地上31,333米(102,800英尺)的距离.
A typical passenger jet flies at about 9,144 meters (30,000 ft) above Earth.
一架典型的客机以地上约9,144米(30,000英尺)的速度飞行.
Joe went more than three times higher than passenger jets fly—in a balloon!
乔比客机飞出气球要高三倍多!
Okay, so that’s pretty incredible, isn’t it?
这真是不可思议,不是吗?
But get this—next, Joe stepped out of the balloon!
但接下来 乔走出了气球!
At 31,333 meters (102,800 ft) above Earth, he stepped out of the open gondola into the emptiness of space.
在地上31,333公尺(102,800英尺)高地上,他从开阔的贡多拉出道后走入了太空空地.
He wasn’t going for a space walk.
他不会去太空散步。
Instead, he jumped out and began falling back to Earth.
相反地,他跳出并开始倒回地球.
Do You Know?
你知道吗?
Joe piloted 93 different types of aircraft that included planes and balloons.
乔驾驶了93种不同类型的飞机,其中包括飞机和气球.
He flew 5,300 hours in jet-plane flight and about 1,000 hours flying combat missions.
他在喷气式飞机飞行中飞行了5300小时,飞行了约1000小时的战斗任务.
He parachuted 101 times, with three of those jumps from balloons at very high altitude.
他降落了101次,其中三次从气球跳出,高度非常高.
Before we learn what happened to Joe, let’s think about conditions at 31,333 meters (102,800 ft) above Earth.
在得知Joe的遭遇之前,
At that altitude, the air is very thin, which makes it next to impossible to inhale enough oxygen with each breath.
在那个高度,空气非常稀薄,这使得每口气都无法吸入足够的氧气.
Joe carried a supply of oxygen, which allowed him to breathe comfortably.
乔携带了氧气供应,使他可以舒适地呼吸.
However, it is also incredibly cold that high above Earth.
然而,它也是令人难以置信地寒冷的地上。
At the 32-kilometer (20 mi) distance Joe traveled in his balloon, he was deep into a layer of the atmosphere called the stratosphere.
在32公里(20米)的距离上,乔穿梭于自己的气球中,他深入了一层被称作平流层的大气层.
This layer stretches from 9.
这层从9层延伸。
5 to 48 kilometers (about 6–30 mi) above Earth.
地上5至48公里(约6-30米).
So Joe was floating well into the stratosphere, where temperatures can be as low as −68 degrees Celsius (−90°F).
因此,Joe漂浮在平流层中,那里的温度可以低至-68摄氏度(-90°F).
To keep himself warm in these hostile conditions, Joe wore several layers of clothing.
为了让自己在这种敌对条件下保持温暖,乔穿了多层衣服.
He also needed to wear a special pressurized suit to prevent his body from exploding and his blood from boiling.
他还需要穿一身特制的加压外衣来防止他的身体爆炸和血液沸腾.
The danger of this happening was caused by the low-pressure conditions of space, where very little air exists.
出现这种情况的危险由空间低气压条件所造成,那里几乎没有空气.
In space, pressure inside the body is much greater than the pressure from the outside atmosphere, which pushes against the body.
在空间中,身体内部的压力远大于来自外层大气的压力,这种压力会推动身体.
This can happen starting at an altitude of 18,900 meters (62,000 ft), which is known as Armstrong’s Limit.
这可以从18,900米(62,000英尺)的高度开始,这被称为"阿姆斯特朗的限制".
Despite all the measures taken to keep Joe safe, he experienced pain in his right hand when the pressurized glove he wore developed a leak and lost pressure.
尽管为保证乔的安全采取了种种措施,但是当他所戴的受压手套发展出泄出并失去压力时,他右手却感到了疼痛.
Joe enters the balloon gondola in a pressurized suit.
祖入气球贡多拉以相压之服.
Let’s continue to follow Joe in his amazing fall through the atmosphere.
让我们继续追随乔在大气中惊人地倒下。
He was being pulled by gravity back home to Earth.
他被地心引力拉回地球
As he fell, his body accelerated, reaching speeds of over 965 kilometers (600 mi) per hour.
当他倒下时,他的身体加速了,达到时速超过965公里(600米).
Some experts say he even may have broken the sound barrier.
一些专家说他甚至可能打破了音障.
If so, he was the only person ever to break the sound barrier unaided or unprotected by any sort of craft for over fifty years.
如果是这样的话,他是唯一一个在50多年期间在任何一种工艺的帮助或保护下打破音障的人。
After falling for 16 seconds, Joe’s small, 1.
跌倒了16秒后,乔的小了,1.
8-meter (6 ft) diameter drogue parachute opened and slowed his fall.
8米(6英尺)直径的德罗格降落伞打开并减缓了摔倒的速度.
A drogue parachute is elongated and thinner than a regular parachute.
降落伞比普通降落伞长而更薄.
This design stops the parachute from being torn apart during high-speed falls from high altitudes.
这种设计阻止了降落伞在高速从高空坠落时被撕裂.
Joe fell for another 4 minutes and 36 seconds before his main parachute opened, allowing him to drift slowly down to Earth.
乔在主降落伞打开前又跌倒了4分36秒,使他能慢慢地向下漂移到地上.
Joe had proven that a human could survive in near spacelike conditions outside a spacecraft or aircraft after an emergency escape.
乔证明,在紧急出逃后,人类可以在航天器或飞机外的近似空间的条件下活下来.
Math Minute When Joe jumped from his high-altitude balloon at 31,000 meters, he was in a free fall for 4 minutes and 36 seconds before his parachute opened.
数学分钟 何时 乔从高空气球上以31000米跳出,在降落伞打开前被自由摔倒了4分36秒.
He was at 5,500 meters when the chute opened.
降落伞打开时他在5500米处.
What was his average speed in meters per second during his free fall?
他在自由倒下期间的平均速度是多少?
You might ask whether Joe was really in space— technically speaking, he was not.
你可以问乔是否真的在太空里 技术上他不是
Space really does not have a well-defined border.
空间真的没有明确的边框。
It’s not like stepping across the border of one country into another.
这与跨越一国边境进入另一国不同。
The atmosphere just keeps getting thinner and thinner as you move away from Earth.
当你远离地球时 大气会越来越稀薄
However, many scientists define the border of space— called the Kármán Line—as 100 kilometers (62 mi) above Earth.
然而,许多科学家将空间边界——称为卡尔曼线——定义为地上100公里(62米).
So it would appear that Joe didn’t actually reach true outer space.
因此乔似乎并没有真正到达真正的外太空。
Nonetheless, he was high enough to experience conditions similar to those in space.
不过,他身高足以经历与空间条件相类似的情况。
And remember, he wasn’t even inside a spaceship.
记得,他甚至不在太空船里。
Joe’s daring jump set an altitude record for a parachute jump that remained unbroken until 2012.
乔大胆地跳伞为降落伞跳伞设定了高度纪录,直到2012年才被打破.
Joe Sets Another Record Joe was more than a guy who jumped out of balloons.
Joe Sets Another Record Joe不仅仅是一个跳出气球的人.
He was also a highly skilled pilot with a love of flying that began early in his life.
他也是一名高技能的飞行员,热爱飞行,从他生命的早期就开始了.
Born in 1928 in Tampa, Florida, Joe spent his early years growing up around Orlando, Florida.
1928年生于佛罗里达州坦帕. 乔早年在佛罗里达州奥兰多一带长大.
You might say he was obsessed with flying.
你可以说他对飞行着迷
He read everything he could find about flying and pilots, and he built many model airplanes.
他阅读了自己能找到的关于飞行和飞行员的一切,并建造了多架模型飞机.
Thermosphere Stratosphere Mesosphere Troposphere Exosphere Shuttle Aurora Meteors Weather Balloon Mount Everest 800 km 690 km 80 km 50 km 18 km Kármán Line Wowser!
热相圈 相圈 相圈 对流相圈 相圈外层航天飞机 奥罗拉·气象·气球山 珠穆朗玛峰800公里 690公里 80公里 50公里 18公里 卡曼线 Wowser!
Felix Baumgartner, an Austrian skydiver, broke Joe Kittinger’s record for speed in 2012.
费利克斯·鲍姆加特纳(Felix Baumgartner,1888年-?)是一名奥地利跳伞运动员,他于2012年打破了乔·基廷格的速度纪录.
Felix jumped out of a gondola 39,045 meters (128,100 ft) above Earth’s surface.
Felix从地表上方39,045米(128,100英尺)高处跳出.
His free fall lasted for 4 minutes and 22 seconds —16 seconds less than Joe’s jump in 1960.
他的自由倒地持续了4分22秒——比乔1960年的跳伞少了16秒.
He reached a speed of 1,342 kilometers (833.
他达到1,342公里(833.
9 mi) per hour, about 97 kilometers (60 mi) per hour faster than the speed of sound.
9 mi)时速,比音速快约97公里(60 mi).
Joe and Felix worked together for years to prepare Felix for the jump.
乔和费利克斯合作了好几年,为费利克斯跳伞做准备.
Joe watched from the control room, speaking to Felix during his journey back to Earth.
乔从控制室观看了,在菲利克斯返回地球的旅程中与菲利克斯交谈.
Joe spent his teenage years hanging around a local airport and persuading pilots to give him free plane rides.
Joe度过了少年时代,在当地的机场上徘徊并说服飞行员让他免费搭飞机.
By age 17, he had flown his first solo flight.
17岁时,他驾驶了第一次独飞.
Joe joined the U.
乔加入了U.
S.
师曰.
Air Force after two years of college and soon became a test pilot, flying experimental and fighter aircraft.
空军在读了两年大学后,并很快成为了试飞员,飞行了实验和战斗机.
In 1955, Joe went from piloting airplanes to piloting balloons.
1955年,乔从驾驶飞机到驾驶气球.
He had made several high- altitude balloon flights and balloon jumps before his record-setting flight and jump in 1960.
他在1960年创纪录的飞行和跳伞之前,曾做过几次高空气球飞行和气球跳伞.
In one of those earlier jumps, Joe’s drogue chute opened only 2 seconds after he jumped from the gondola, instead of after 16 seconds as it was supposed to.
在较早的一次跳跃中,乔从贡多拉跳出后仅2秒就打开了德罗格槽,而不是按照原计划在16秒后打开.
A cord from the chute wrapped around his neck and sent him into a near-fatal downward spiral.
从槽里接出一条绳子,包裹在脖子上,并把他送入了近乎致命的下行螺旋.
Joe became unconscious during the violent spinning.
乔在暴力旋转时失去知觉
But luckily, his safety chute opened automatically and slowed his fall, allowing him to float safely down to Earth.
但幸运的是,他的安全槽会自动打开并减缓他的倒下,使他能安全地向下漂浮到地上.
You might think that this experience would have caused Joe to think about changing his career, but it didn’t.
你可能认为这种经历会让乔考虑改变事业,
He stuck with the project and made other flights, which led to his record-setting balloon flight and jump.
他坚持了这个项目,并进行了其他飞行,这导致了他创纪录的气球飞行和跳伞.
Do You Know?
你知道吗?
The city of Orlando, Florida, built a park by the airport where Joe used to hang out so other kids could have a place to watch planes take off and land.
佛罗里达州奥兰多市在机场旁建造了一座公园,乔曾在那里闲逛,让其他孩子可以有一个地方来观看飞机起降.
The park was named Colonel Joe Kittinger Park.
公园被命名为乔·基廷格上校公园.
Joe dreamed about flying a Piper Cub when he was a teenager.
乔在少年时期梦到会飞起一只笛子熊.
After setting the world record for his high- altitude parachute jump, Joe went to Vietnam and flew combat missions.
乔在为高空降落伞跳伞设定了世界纪录后,前往越南并出动了战斗任务.
He served three combat tours during the war and flew a record-breaking 483 flight missions.
他在战争期间服务了三次战斗巡演,并飞行了一次创纪录的483次飞行任务.
In 1972, on his 483rd flight, his luck ran out when he was shot down.
1972年,在他的第483次飞行中被击落后他走运了.
That became his last flight in combat.
这是他最后一次在战斗中飞行。
Joe was able to eject from his crashing jet and parachute safely to Earth.
乔能够安全地从坠机和降落伞中弹出去地球.
Unfortunately, he landed behind enemy lines, 30 miles northwest of Hanoi, North Vietnam, and was captured immediately.
不幸的是,他降落在了北越河内西北30英里的敌后,被立即俘虏.
For the next 11 months, Joe was a prisoner of war held by his captors in the infamous “Hanoi Hilton” prison.
在接下来的11个月中,乔被俘虏者关押在臭名昭著的“Hanoi Hilton”监狱。
Joe was placed in solitary confinement for 30 days.
乔被单独监禁了30天.
During his time as a prisoner, Joe occupied his mind by planning every detail of a balloon flight around the world— a flight that no human had accomplished.
在他作为囚犯期间,乔占据了他的思想,策划了环球飞行的每一个细节——这个飞行没有人类完成.
Think About It Imagine being a prisoner for nearly a year and not being allowed to be around other prisoners.
考虑 想象一下,当了将近一年的囚犯,却不被允许与其他囚犯在一起。
What would you do during your time in confinement to keep your mind occupied?
你会在禁闭期间做什么 来保持你的头脑?
More Records for Joe After retiring from the Air Force in 1978, Joe continued his work in aeronautics.
1978年从空军退役后为乔作更多的唱片,乔继续从事航空工作.
He also added to his other record-setting accomplishments by flying lighter-than- air balloons.
他还通过放出比空气更轻的气球来补充他的其他创纪录成就.
He entered many competitions around the United States.
他在美国各地参加了多场比赛.
Five years after his retirement from the Air Force, Joe set yet another record.
在他从空军退役五年后,乔又创下了又一纪录.
He flew a helium-filled balloon from Las Vegas, Nevada, to Franklinville, New York—a distance of 3,220 kilometers (2,000 mi).
他从内华达州拉斯维加斯飞出一个充满氦气的气球去纽约富兰克林维尔——距离3,220公里(2,000米).
It took him 72 hours to fly the record-setting distance.
他花了72个小时 飞行了设定记录的距离。
In 1984, at the age of 56, Joe decided to go for another record.
1984年,在56岁时,乔决定再创纪录.
No one had flown a balloon alone across the Atlantic Ocean—all the more reason for Joe to try it.
没有人独自驾驶一个气球飞越大西洋——乔更有理由尝试.
On September 14, 1984, he took off from the state of Maine and drifted eastward.
1984年9月14日从缅因州起飞后向东漂移.
Almost 84 hours and 5,633 kilometers (3,500 mi) later, he landed his balloon in Italy.
近84小时和5,633公里(3,500米)后,他将自己的气球落在了意大利.
Joe had set another record.
乔又创下纪录了
Joe flew this balloon from Las Vegas, Nevada, to Franklinville, New York.
乔将这个气球从内华达州的拉斯维加斯飞到纽约的富兰克林维尔.
Conclusion The dictionary defines a hero as someone who commits an act of bravery or who shows great courage when undertaking a task.
结论 词典将英雄定义为有英勇行为或者在执行任务时表现出了极大的勇气的人.
Based on this definition, Joe is certainly a hero.
根据这个定义,乔肯定是一个英雄.
Many heroes in fields like exploration become well known, with their names appearing in the news and in textbooks.
探索等领域的许多英雄逐渐出名,他们的名字出现在新闻和教科书中.
Joe Kittinger is not a name that comes to mind in connection with space exploration.
Joe Kittinger不是一个在太空探索中想到的名字.
In this sense, Joe is an unsung hero.
从这个意义上讲,乔是一个无名英雄.
His early work with high-altitude balloons was not undertaken for the purpose of setting records, but rather for the benefit of pilots and astronauts.
他与高空气球的早期工作不是为了设定记录,而是为了让飞行员和宇航员受益.
Despite being relatively unknown to the general public, Joe was recognized for his outstanding accomplishments.
尽管一般民众相对陌生,但乔的杰出成就仍被认可.
U.
吴.
S.
师曰.
President Dwight D.
德怀特总统
Eisenhower awarded him the Harmon Trophy after Joe set the record for a high-altitude jump.
艾森豪威尔在乔为高空跳伞设定了纪录后授予他"哈蒙特罗菲".
Joe received many other awards and honors for his military, ballooning, and parachuting achievements, including the Silver Star, Distinguished Flying Cross, and Purple Heart.
乔还因他的军事,气球,和空投等成就,包括"银之星","杰出的飞行十字","紫心"等而获得许多其它奖项和荣誉.
Joe is a man of extraordinary courage and bravery who made important contributions to the field of space exploration.
乔是一位具有非凡勇气和勇气的人,为太空探索领域做出了重要贡献.
Colonel Joe Kittinger, right, with President Eisenhower, center, after receiving the Harmon trophy.
乔·基廷格上校,右, 与总统艾森豪威尔, 中心,在获得哈蒙奖杯后。