Hoofed Animals
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents What Are Hoofed Animals?
内容表 什么是被猎杀的动物?
4 Odd-Toed Ungulates.
4个怪人图解.
6 Even-Toed Ungulates.
6 平起倒起无相.
10 Conclusion.
10 结论。
15 Glossary.
15 词汇。
16 Index.
16 指数。
16 What Are Hoofed Animals?
16是胡菲动物吗?
Hoofed animals are among the most graceful creatures on Earth.
有蹄动物是地球上最优雅的动物之一
Large, powerful, and designed for speed, they are beautiful and fascinating.
巨型,有威力,有速度设计 它们美丽而迷人
In addition to admiring them in the wild, humans have visited them in zoos, hunted them, and kept them as sources of milk, meat, wool, labor, transportation, and companionship.
除了在野外欣赏他们外,人类还在动物园里拜访了他们,猎取了他们,并把它们作为牛奶,肉类,羊毛,劳动力,交通,以及同伴的来源.
Hoofed animals all belong to a group of mammals called ungulates (UN-gyu-luts).
被猎杀的动物都属于一群被称作"阴茎"的哺乳动物(UN-gyu-luts).
All modern ungulates are related to an extinct group of hoofed mammals that lived 65 million years ago.
所有现代的卵巢都与6500万年前就已经灭绝的蹄类哺乳动物群有关.
Ungulates have hooves made of a material called keratin covering their toes.
脱毛动物有蹄盖由一种叫克拉汀(keratin)的材料所制成,覆盖了它们的脚趾.
Hooves are like giant toenails that serve as protection for their feet.
野猪就像大脚趾甲 用来保护脚
A gazelle Horses have worked for humans for thousands of years.
一只瞪羚马为人类工作了几千年.
Most hoofed animals are herbivores (plant eaters), and many of them are food for carnivores (meat eaters).
蹄类动物多为食草动物(植物食用人),多为食肉动物(肉食用人)的食物.
One of their primary challenges in life is to flee fast enough to avoid being killed by predators such as humans, lions, wolves, and hyenas.
他们生活中的主要挑战之一是能跑得足够快,避免被人类,狮子,狼等掠食者所杀.
Because they need to run, hoofed animals have long, strong legs and feet.
由于需要跑步,蹄动物有长而强的腿和脚.
Hoofed animals’ skeletons are specially shaped to help them run quickly.
蹄类动物的骨架是特别用来帮助他们快速运行的。
A human foot has five separate bones connecting the toes to the ankle, but many hoofed animals instead have one long, solid bone connecting the toes (hoof) to the ankle.
人脚有5个独立的骨骼将脚趾与脚踝相接,但许多蹄类动物反而有1个长而坚实的骨骼将脚趾(hof)与脚踝相接.
This solid bone, called a cannon bone, makes hoofed animals’ legs longer to help them run farther and faster.
这种坚固的骨头,叫做炮骨,使蹄类动物的腿更长地跑得更远更快.
The cannon bones also make hoofed animals’ legs more solid and stable to better support their weight.
大炮骨还使蹄类动物的腿更坚固和稳定,以更好地支撑它们的体重.
Scientists place hoofed animals into two different groups based on whether the animals walk on an odd or even number of toes.
科学家将蹄类动物根据动物的脚趾是奇数还是偶数而分成了两组.
We’ll look at these two groups separately, including some well-known members of each group.
包括每个团体的一些知名成员。
Odd-Toed Ungulates Odd-toed ungulates include rhinoceroses, horses, zebras, donkeys, and several other animals.
奇多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多少多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多少少少少少多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多少少少少少少多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多多
Rhinos have three toes on each foot, while the horselike ungulates have just one toe (their hoof) on each foot.
犀牛每只脚有3个脚趾,而马形的ungulates每只脚有1个脚趾.
These animals primarily inhabit warm environments around the world.
这些动物主要栖息在世界各地的温暖环境.
They live in a variety of habitats, including forests, grasslands, and deserts.
其栖息于森林,草地和沙漠等多种栖息地.
The food they eat—grasses and other plants—is difficult to digest, and their stomachs require the assistance of tiny bacteria to break it down.
他们所吃的食物——草和其他植物——难以消化,他们的胃需要微小的细菌的帮助来分解.
Horses —The only truly wild horses alive today inhabit the dry grasslands of Eurasia.
马 ——今天唯一真正活生生的野马,栖息在欧亚干燥的草地上.
The “wild” horses living in North and South America and Australia actually are domesticated breeds that have escaped human control and grown wild.
生活在北美和南美以及澳大利亚的"野生"马实际上是被驯化的品种,它们已经逃脱了人类的控制并变得野生.
Horses can survive in environments with little food and water, but they must spend most of their time grazing to take in enough grass—and nutrients—to survive.
马可以在没有食物和水的环境中活下来,但是它们必须花大部分时间去放牧,才能吸收足够的草和营养来活下来。
Before machinery became commonplace, horses pulled wagons and plowed fields.
在机器变得普遍之前,马匹拉起马车并犁地.
In modern times, horse lovers keep them for companionship, riding, and racing.
在现代,马的爱好者保留了它们作为伴侣,骑行,和赛跑.
Zebras —All wild zebras live in Africa, and they primarily eat tall grasses.
斑马——所有野生斑马都生活在非洲,它们主要吃高大的草.
Aside from their famous stripes, zebras are similar to horses in appearance.
除了出名的条纹外,斑马外观上也与马相类似.
The main enemies of zebras are lions, hyenas, and wild dogs, as well as humans who hunt them for their skins.
斑马的主要敌人有狮子, 和野狗等,还有为取皮而猎取它们的人类.
There are three main kinds of zebras: plains, desert, and mountain zebras.
斑马有三种:平原,沙漠和山地斑马.
Some species of zebras are severely endangered.
一些斑马物种处于严重濒危状态.
Do You Know?
你知道吗?
A zebra’s bold black-and-white stripes are a form of camouflage.
斑马大胆的黑白条纹是一种伪装.
The stripes help it to blend in with other zebras, especially when the entire herd is running.
条纹能帮助它与其他斑马相融合,特别是在整个牧群运行时.
By blending in, a zebra is less likely to be singled out by a predator.
通过混入,斑马不太可能被捕食者单独挑出.
A zebra’s stripes are as unique as human fingerprints.
斑马的花纹和人类的指纹一样独特.
No two zebras’ stripes are alike!
没有两只斑马的条纹是相似的!
Racehorses thrill us with their speed.
赛马的速度让我们兴奋
Rhinoceroses—The rhino, which is native to parts of Africa and Asia, is another ungulate that is seriously endangered.
犀牛... 犀牛... 犀牛原生于非洲和亚洲的部分地区,是又一严重濒危的ung.
Few rhinos are still alive in the wild; most now live on protected land, including national parks and nature preserves.
野生犀牛鲜活;大多数现在生活在受保护地上,包括国家公园和自然保护区.
Rhinos live on plains and in forested and swampy areas, where they consume grasses, leaves, and other plants.
犀牛生活在平原上和林地和沼泽地地上,在那里它们食用草,叶等植物.
Rhinos are the second-largest land mammals after elephants.
犀牛是仅次于大象的第二大陆地哺乳动物.
Rhinos are easy to recognize by the horns on their noses, their large heads, and their massive bodies covered with dark, leathery skin.
犀牛很容易被鼻子上的角所识别出,它们的大头,以及被深色,皮革质的皮肤所覆盖的巨大的身体.
Rhino horns are made of keratin, the same material as hooves.
犀角由克来丁所制出,与蹄同材料.
Some kinds of rhinos have one horn, while other kinds have two.
有的犀牛有一角,有的则有两角.
Even-Toed Ungulates Even-toed ungulates are a large group of animals that includes deer, cattle, sheep, goats, antelope, camels, hippos, and giraffes.
偶数 偶蹄ung是一大批动物,包括鹿,牛,羊,山羊,羚羊,骆驼,河马和长颈鹿等.
Some even-toed ungulates, such as camels, have only two toes on each foot, while others, such as hippos, have four toes on each foot.
有的偶蹄齿,如骆驼,每只脚上只有两只脚趾;有的,如河马,每只脚上有四只脚趾.
Even-toed ungulates, one of the most numerous groups of mammals on Earth, are native to every continent except Australia and Antarctica.
偶蹄类动物是地球上数量最多的哺乳动物群体之一,除澳大利亚和南极洲外,每个大陆都具有原生性。
They are what scientists call “successful” animals, meaning they have reproduced, spread out, and adapted to a wide variety of environments.
它们是科学家称之为“成功”的动物,即它们已经复制、扩散并适应了各种各样的环境。
Pigs and hogs, called swine, are intelligent omnivores (eating both plants and animals) with round, stocky bodies, long heads with a flexible snout, and tusks that point up.
猪和猪被称作"猪",是有智慧的杂食动物(既吃植物也吃动物),有圆形的,有股状的身体,有柔软的鼻孔的长头,有指向的牙.
They have four toes on each foot, with the middle two being the largest.
它们每只脚有四个脚趾,中间两个是最大的.
Swine originally lived in the wild in Europe, Asia, and northern Africa.
斯温最初生活在欧洲,亚洲和北非的野外.
Rhinos are rare and unusual.
犀牛是罕见和不寻常的。
They are now raised throughout the world as a food animal and are hunted in the wild.
它们现被饲养在世界各地,成为食用动物,并被野生猎取.
Giraffes are inhabitants of African grasslands that have permanent short, bony horns covered by furry skin that is never shed.
吉拉菲斯是非洲草地上的居民,拥有由毛皮所覆盖的永久性短而有骨角而从未露出.
Giraffes are famous for their unusually long necks, their pattern of spots, and their long blue-gray tongues.
吉拉菲斯以不同寻常的长颈,斑点的图案和长长的蓝灰色舌而出名.
Male giraffes compete with each other for dominance by wrestling with their necks and hammering each other with their heads.
雄性长颈鹿通过与脖子相搏并用头锤相击来争夺统治权.
Hippos are large, heavy African animals that spend most of their time in water.
Hippos是非洲大型重型动物,大部分时间都花在水上.
They don’t really swim, but instead walk on the bottoms of lakes and rivers.
他们并不真正游泳,
They have slightly webbed feet with four toes and huge teeth that point up.
它们的脚有四只脚趾 有巨大的牙齿
Their herbivorous diet consists of grasses, leaves, fallen fruit, and other plants, most of which grow underwater.
其草食由草,叶,倒果等植物组成,多生于水下.
Camels are large herbivorous animals that have long, curved necks, one or two humps on their backs, and two toes on each foot.
骆驼是大型食草动物,有长而弯曲的颈部,背上有一到两个驼峰,并有两只脚趾.
One-humped camels live in deserts in the Middle East, India, and North Africa, while two-humped camels live in deserts and windy grasslands in central Asia.
单蹄驼生活在中东,印度和北非等地的沙漠中,而双蹄驼生活在中亚的沙漠和多风的草地中.
Both kinds of camels are well suited to habitats where food and water are scarce.
这两种骆驼都非常适合食物和水匮乏的栖息地.
Camels store fat in their humps, which helps them to survive when they must endure long periods of time without food.
骆驼将脂肪储存在它们的驼峰上,这帮助它们生存,当它们必须忍受长时间没有食物的时候.
Few camels still exist in the wild; most are kept as pack animals, and one-humped camels are also used for riding.
野外还很少有骆驼;大多数被保存为打包动物,单蹄骆驼也用于骑行.
Pronghorn antelopes are herbivores that inhabit the grasslands of North America.
长角羚是栖息于北美草地的食草动物.
Males and females both have permanent one-spiked, or pronged, horns made of bone and covered by a layer of fused hairs, which is shed each year.
雄性和雌性都有由骨骼所制而成并被一层有丝毛所覆盖的永久一发或双发角,每年会被放出.
Pronghorns are extremely fast, and healthy adults can easily outrun predators.
Pronghorn人的速度极快,健康的成年人可以轻易地跑出捕食者.
The most serious threat to pronghorn survival occurs in the first two months of life, when coyotes kill fawns in large numbers.
对普龙霍恩生存的最严重威胁发生在生前两个月,当野狼大量杀死了小鹿.
Do You Know?
你知道吗?
An adult hippo can eat up to 136 kilograms (300 lb.)
成年河马可吃至136公斤(300磅).
of plants in a single day!
一天之内的植物!
That’s like you eating more than 1,200 veggie burgers a day.
就像你每天吃超过1200个蔬菜汉堡。
Deer, including elk, moose, and caribou, are herbivores.
鹿,包括麋鹿,麋鹿,和驯鹿等是食草动物.
Some are grazers (eating mostly grass), but most are browsers (eating leaves, shoots, twigs, and other plant parts).
有的为取食者(食用多为草地),但多为浏览器(食用叶子,射击,树枝等植物部分).
Deer are found in many habitats around the world, including grasslands, forests, rainforests, and tundra.
鹿分布于世界各地的许多栖息地,包括草地,森林,雨林和苔原.
Many deer migrate with the changing seasons to locate food.
许多鹿会随着季节的变化而迁徙,寻找食物的位置.
Most male deer grow antlers, which are made of bone and covered in furry skin called velvet while they are growing.
大多数雄鹿会长出鹿角,鹿角由骨骼所制并被毛皮所覆盖,在生长时称为花绒.
Antlers grow before the mating season, fall off after it, and grow again the following year.
鹿角在交配季节前就已长出,后起而脱落,次年再生.
Caribou are the only kind of deer in which the females have antlers.
卡里布是雌鹿有鹿角的唯一一种.
Cattle, sheep, goats, and antelopes vary widely in shape and coloring; however, they all share the feature of growing permanent horns made of bone and covered with a layer of keratin.
牛,羊,山羊和羚羊在外形和颜色上差异很大;然而,它们都具有由骨制成并被一层克拉廷所覆盖而生长出永久性角的特征.
All the males of this group and some females have horns; each horn is always a single spike.
这个群的所有雄性以及一些雌性都有角;每个角总是一尖.
The horns can be simple, curved, or spiral in shape, and antelopes often have horns that are elaborately shaped.
角可以简单,弯曲,或螺旋形状,而羚羊也往往有细形的角.
Many domesticated animals in this group are kept for milk, meat, and wool.
这个群体中许多驯养的动物被保存为牛奶,肉类和羊毛.
Do You Know?
你知道吗?
The largest member of the deer family is the moose.
鹿家最大的成员是鹿.
Its antlers can weigh as much as a typical 11-year-old child, and those antlers can grow up to 25 millimeters (1 in.)
它的鹿角可以和典型的11岁小孩一样重,而那些鹿角可以长到25毫米(1英寸).
a day!
一天 一天 一天 一天 一天 一天 a day!
Conclusion Ungulates are diverse creatures, each with a unique body and lifestyle that make it perfectly suited to the habitat in which it lives.
结论 unguates是多样的生物,每个生物都有独特的身体和生活方式,使其完全适合所居住的栖息地.
Many ungulates, such as swine, sheep, and cattle, are raised in great numbers for food, milk, and hides.
猪、羊、牛等许多阴茎被大量地饲养,以取食用、取乳用和取出藏用。
But many wild ungulates, such as the rhino, are endangered and survive only in captivity.
但是许多野生的蚂蚁,如犀牛,都处于濒危状态,只在被俘后活了下来.
Others are at risk of suffering the same fate because of environmental destruction, hunting, and other threats to their well-being.
其他人由于环境破坏、狩猎和其他对其福祉的威胁而面临同样的命运。
Habitat preservation and respect for life will allow these amazing animals to continue to survive into the future.
栖息地的保护和对生命的尊重将使这些惊人的动物能继续活到未来.
Glossary browsers (n.)
词汇浏览器 (n.)
animals that eat leaves, shoots, twigs, and other plant parts (p.
吃叶子,射击,树枝等植物部位的动物(p.
13) cannon bone the long, single foot bone found in (n.)
13) 大炮骨 发现于 (n.
hoofed animals (p.
蹄类动物(p.
5) carnivores (n.)
5)肉食动物 (n.
animals that only eat meat (p.
只吃肉的动物(p.
5) domesticated (adj.)
5)被驯化(adj.
of or relating to animals that are raised for human use (p.
或与饲养供人类使用的动物有关(p.
7) fused (adj.)
7) 引信(adj.)
joined together (p.
合并(p.
12) grazers (n.)
12）食草动物（名词）
animals that feed on grass or other plants that grow near ground level (p.
以草为食的动物或其他生长于地平面附近的植物(p.
13) herbivores (n.)
13) 食草动物 (n.
animals that only eat plants (p.
只吃植物的动物(p.
5) keratin (n.)
5) 克拉廷 (n.
a strong material produced by the bodies of some animals that makes up hair, hooves, claws, feathers, and fingernails (p.
由一些动物的身体所生成的能构成毛发,蹄,爪,羽毛和指甲(p.
4) omnivores (n.)
4) 杂食动物 (n.
animals that eat both plants and other animals (p.
既吃植物又吃其他动物的动物(p.
10) successful (adj.)
10)成功(adj.
having the desired result; ending in success (p.
(a) 取得预期结果;
10) ungulates (n.)
10) 阳具 (n.
animals with hooves (p.
有蹄的动物(p.
4) Index antelope, 10, 12, 14 camels, 10, 12 cattle, 10, 14, 15 deer, 10, 13 donkeys, 6 giraffes, 10, 11 goats, 10, 14 hippos, 10, 11 horses, 4, 6, 7, 8 moose, 13 pronghorn antelope, 12 rhinoceroses (rhinos), 6, 9, 15 sheep, 10, 14 swine, 10 zebras, 6, 8 Wild horses running free: a sight that is becoming rare.
4) 指数羚羊,10,12,14只骆驼,10,12只牛,10,14,15只鹿,10,13只驴,6只长颈鹿,10,11只山羊,10,14只河马,10,11匹马,4,6,7,8只麋鹿,13只长角羚,12只犀牛(犀牛),6,9,15只羊,10,14只猪,10只斑马,6,8只野马跑走走走走跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑跑