Great Mosque of Djenné
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Location of Great Mosque of Djenné AFRICA EUROPE ASIA Great Mosque of Djenné MALI MAURITANIA COTE D’IVOIRE BURKINA FASO NIGER ALGERIA SENEGAL GUINEA PACIFIC OCEAN Bamako H Timbuktu Niger River Bani River Table of Contents Wonders of Africa.
杰内大清真寺所在地 非洲-欧洲-亚洲大清真寺 巴马科 H 廷巴克图 尼日尔河 Bani河 非洲内容奇观表.
4 Trade Routes.
4贸易路线.
5 A Place of Worship.
5 宗教场所。
6 The Original Mosque.
6 原清真寺。
6 Amadu’s Mosque.
6 阿马都清真寺.
7 Today’s Mosque.
7"今日清真寺".
7 Made of Mud.
7由泥浆制成.
8 Building the Mosque.
8 建清真寺.
11 An Important Place.
11 一个重要的地方。
13 Today and Beyond.
13"今日与未来".
15 Glossary.
15 词汇。
16 Wonders of Africa The town of Djenné (je-NAY) is one of sub- Saharan Africa’s oldest towns.
16个非洲奇迹 Djenné镇(je-NAY)是撒哈拉以南非洲最古老的城镇之一.
It is home to a unique religious building: the Great Mosque of Djenné.
它是一座独特的宗教建筑的所在地:詹内大清真寺.
Mosques are places of worship for Muslims, who follow the religion of Islam.
清真寺是信奉伊斯兰教的穆斯林的礼拜场所.
One of the largest religions in the world, Islam has more than one billion followers.
伊斯兰教是世界上最大的宗教之一,有十多亿信徒。
The religion is based on five ideas.
教以五道为相.
These include a declaration of faith, prayer, fasting, charity, and going to Mecca—the birthplace of Islam.
其中包括宣布信仰、祈祷、斋戒、慈善以及前往伊斯兰教发源地麦加。
Muslim travelers visit the Great Mosque of Djenné to study Islam and worship at the world’s largest mud-built structure.
穆斯林出行者参观了杰内大清真寺,在世界上最大的泥塑结构上学习伊斯兰教并进行礼拜.
It is one of the most important buildings in sub-Saharan Africa.
它是撒哈拉以南非洲最重要的建筑之一.
A weekly open-air market sits next to the mosque.
每周有一个露天市场坐落在清真寺旁边.
Mali Egypt Libya Tunisia Algeria Morocco Djenné Timbuktu Trans-Saharan Trade Routes AFRICA EUROPE ASIA Trade Routes Djenné is a small town in the West African country of Mali.
马里 埃及 利比亚 突尼斯 阿尔及利亚 廷巴克图跨撒哈拉贸易路线 非洲-亚洲 贸易路(Trade Routes Djenné)是西非马里国家马里的一个小镇.
The town lies on a floodplain between the Niger and Bani Rivers and can only be reached by boat.
该镇地处尼日尔河和巴尼河之间的洪泛地上,只能由船只到达.
During the thirteenth century, its location proved to be a perfect link to the city of Timbuktu, 483 km (300 mi.)
13世纪期间,其地处被证明是通布通加通的完美通道,全长483公里(300米.
to the north.
北边
Traders traveling from the coast north to Timbuktu, a major stop on the trans-Saharan trade routes, passed through Djenné, and the town grew.
贸易商从海岸向北行至通布图,是跨撒哈拉贸易路线上的主要一站,途经杰内,该镇逐渐壮大.
Like the trade of goods, Islam also spread along the trans-Saharan trade routes.
与货物贸易一样,伊斯兰教也沿跨撒哈拉贸易路线传播.
Islam had come to Mali in the ninth century.
伊斯兰教是在9世纪来到马里的。
It began to have a greater influence under Mali’s Muslim king Mansa Musa in the 1300s.
在1300年代的马里穆斯林国王曼萨·穆萨统治下,它开始有更大的影响力.
In time, Djenné became a center for Islamic study.
随着时间的推移,杰内成为了伊斯兰研究中心.
A Place of Worship Followers of Islam needed a place to worship in Djenné.
伊斯兰宗教追随者的地方需要在杰内有一个礼拜的地方。
The construction of the Great Mosque began in the thirteenth century.
大清真寺的建设始于13世纪.
However, the mosque that we see today is not the original mosque built on this site.
然而,我们今天所看到的清真寺并不是在这个地点所建的原始清真寺.
The Original Mosque The original Great Mosque was built in the thirteenth century under Djenné’s ruler, King Koi Konboro.
原始清真寺 最初的大清真寺建于13世纪,由杰恩内斯统治者克伊·孔伯罗国王统治.
He built the mosque on the site of his palace using local materials and traditional design.
他用当地材料和传统设计在他的宫殿原址上建造了清真寺.
He added high towers and large surrounding walls.
他增加了高塔和相邻的大墙.
However, over time, the effects of rain took a toll on the mosque, causing the mud to wash away.
然而,随着时间的推移,雨水的影响使清真寺遭受了损失,使泥浆被冲走.
By the 1800s, the Great Mosque of Djenné had fallen into major disrepair.
到1800年代,杰内大清真寺已陷入了严重的失修.
A drawing from 1896 shows the mosque during reconstruction.
1896年出土的一幅图画显示清真寺在重建期间.
Amadu’s Mosque During the nineteenth century, a West African tribal leader named Seku Amadu conquered Djenné.
19世纪期间,一位叫塞克·阿马杜的西非部落领袖征服了杰内.
He let the original mosque fall into even further disrepair.
他让原来的清真寺进一步失修.
In 1834, Amadu began building a new, plainer mosque.
1834年,阿马都开始建造一座新的更平坦的清真寺.
The new mosque was built on a nearby site over two years and was finished in 1836.
新清真寺建于相邻地上,历时两年,于1836年完工.
However, French forces captured the city in 1893 and replaced the mosque, which had already fallen into ruin, with a school.
然而,法国军队于1893年攻克了这座城市并用一所学校取代了已经倒塌的清真寺.
Today’s Mosque The mosque that we see today was completed in 1907 and was built on the site of the original Great Mosque.
今天的清真寺 我们今天所看到的清真寺于1907年完工,并建于原大清真寺的原址上.
Although this was its last complete construction, the Great Mosque of Djenné changes from year to year due to repairs.
虽然这是其最后一座完整的建筑,但杰内大清真寺因修复而逐年变化.
As a result, today’s mosque looks quite different from the original mosque.
因此,今天的清真寺看起来与原来的清真寺大相径庭.
Seku Amadu Made of Mud Unlike the mosques in places like Egypt, India, and Turkey, the Great Mosque of Djenné stands out because of its plainness.
泥土所造的阿马都 与埃及,印度,土耳其等地的清真寺不同,杰内大清真寺因其平坦而出名.
Its tall brown walls are made of mud that has been baked hard by the Sun.
其高高的棕色墙壁由被太阳所硬烤成的泥地所出.
This gives the building its smooth, sculpted appearance.
这使建筑呈现出平滑,雕塑的外观.
At regular intervals, bundles of palm wood sticks, called toron, jut outward from the walls.
定期放出一捆棕榈木棒,叫"通",从墙上向外放出.
The toron help support the walls.
托伦帮助支撑墙壁.
The prayer wall, or qibla (KIB-luh) wall, faces east, toward Mecca, and overlooks the city’s marketplace.
祈祷墙(qibla (Kib-luh) ) 倒向东面,
Mecca is a city in the Middle East and is considered the birthplace of Islam.
麦加是中东的一座城市,被认为是伊斯兰教的发源地.
The toron are not just decoration.
托伦不仅仅是装饰。
Workers use them for climbing during the mosque’s annual restoration.
在清真寺的年度修复期间,工人用来攀登.
The mosque has three boxlike towers, or minarets.
清真寺有三座"箱形"塔,即尖塔.
Each tower is topped with an ornate ostrich egg, a symbol of purity and fertility.
每座塔都顶着一顶北极燕卵,象征着纯洁和生育力.
Five times a day, religious leaders climb the staircases and call local Muslims to prayer.
每天有5次,宗教领袖爬上楼梯叫当地穆斯林祈祷.
Entering the mosque, visitors climb one of six sets of stairs.
进入清真寺后,游客爬上六组楼梯中的一组.
The large prayer hall can hold up to three thousand people.
大型的祈祷会堂最多可容纳三千人.
The roof, whose ninety wooden pillars span the enclosed space, covers half of the mosque.
屋顶有90根木柱,横跨封闭空间,覆盖了清真寺的一半.
Vents topped with removable ceramic caps allow hot air to escape.
装有可移动陶瓷盖的风琴可以让热空气逃脱.
The other half of the mosque contains an open-air prayer hall.
另一半清真寺内有露天祈祷厅.
This courtyard is surrounded by an arched passageway.
这座庭院被拱形出入口所包围.
From here, visitors can watch the activities inside.
从这里,参观者可以观看里面的活动.
A sculpted golden ostrich egg decorates the top of each minaret.
一个雕刻出金黄色的燕子蛋装饰了每个尖塔的顶部.
Near the minarets, a man appointed by the mosque calls Muslims to prayer.
在尖塔附近,清真寺指定的一个人叫回教徒祈祷.
Great Mosque of Djenné: Fast Facts D B C A E With a surface area of 5,625 square meters (60,547 sq.
詹内大清真寺:快活D B C A E地表面积为5,625平方米(60,547平方公分.
ft.)
ft.) (中文(简体) ).
, the Great Mosque of Djenné is the largest mud-brick building in the world.
, Djenné大清真寺是世界上最大的泥砖建筑.
It is thought to be one of the greatest African architectural achievements.
它被认为是非洲最大的建筑成就之一。
The mosque was named a World Heritage Site in 1988.
该清真寺于1988年被命名为世界遗产.
A.
A组.
Walls are 41 to 61 centimeters (16–24 in.)
墙高为41至61厘米(16至24英寸).
thick and made of smooth mud B.
厚而由平滑的泥 B.
Height of tallest minaret is 16 meters (52 ft.)
最高尖塔的高度为16米(52英尺).
Building the Mosque The Great Mosque of Djenné was constructed using traditional materials from the region, specifically mud.
建造清真寺 Djenné大清真寺是使用该地区的传统材料,特别是泥土建造的。
A useful building material, mud was used to create the bricks, mortar, and plaster.
一种有用的建筑材料,泥土被用来制造出砖块,迫击炮和石膏.
By baking the mud in the sun, locals made bricks, called ferey.
通过在太阳下烘烤出泥土,当地人制造出砖块,被称作"花地".
They used mud as mortar to bond the bricks together as they built the walls.
他们在建造城墙时用泥作迫击炮把砖块连在一起.
They also used mud as a plaster to coat the walls, which gives the mosque its smooth, sculpted look.
他们还用泥作石膏来涂上墙壁,这让清真寺有平滑的雕塑外观.
The mud, which is a mix of butter and clay, is laid as thick as 61 centimeters (24 in.)
由黄油和粘土相混合而成的泥土被铺入厚至61厘米(24英寸).
A thick base helps support the weight above.
厚厚的基座有助于支撑上面的重量.
The mud walls also insulate the building.
泥壁也使建筑绝缘.
They take in and hold the day’s heat.
他们接受并保持白天的热量。
This keeps the mosque at a cool temperature during the day.
这使得清真寺白天的温度保持凉爽.
But after dark, when the outside temperature drops, the walls release the day’s heat.
但天黑后,当外出温度下降时,墙会释放出白天的热量.
People inside stay warm throughout the night.
里面的人整晚都保持温暖
A Djenné man spreads mud over the outer wall of the mosque to maintain the building.
一名Djenné人将泥浆撒入清真寺外墙上以维护建筑.
Temperature and the amount of moisture in the air change dramatically in West Africa.
在西非,气温和空气中的水分量发生了巨大变化。
These things can cause the walls to crack.
这些东西可以使墙壁裂开.
To help prevent this, bundles of toron are placed in the walls.
为了帮助防止这种情况,将一捆托伦放入墙上.
These bundles jut out at regular distances and help reduce cracking.
这些捆绑在正常距离外喷出,有助于减少裂缝.
Toron are also useful because they can be used as built-in scaffolding during the mosque’s upkeep each year.
Toron也很有用,因为每年清真寺的维修期间,它们都可以用作内置脚手架。
Because of the risk of water damage, the Great Mosque was constructed on a raised platform 3 meters (9 ft.)
由于面临被水破坏的风险,大清真寺被建造在高架站台3米(9英尺)上.
high to avoid flooding from the nearby Bani River.
高地避免从附近的巴尼河被洪水淹没.
Additionally, ceramic gutters along the roof collect rain and direct it away from the walls to avoid water damage to the outside.
此外,屋顶一带的陶瓷沟会收起雨水并引导它从墙壁上取出来来避免外出被水损坏.
Workers climb on the outside of the mosque during repairs using toron as scaffolding.
工人在修复时会爬上清真寺外侧,用通龙做脚手架.
An Important Place Today, the Great Mosque is central to the town of Djenné.
今天,大清真寺是杰内镇的中心。
Citizens take an active role in its upkeep.
公民在其维护工作中发挥积极作用。
Every year, the entire community participates in the Crépissage de la Grande Mosquée (kray-pee- SAZH DU LAH GRAHND MOSS-kay).
每年,整个社区都参加 " 大莫斯科 " (Kray-pee-SAZH DU LAH GRAHND MOSS-kay)。
During this festival, they put new plaster on the mosque’s outside walls, which have cracked because of the changing weather.
在这个节日中,他们在清真寺外墙上加了新的石膏,由于天气的变化,墙壁已经裂开。