the Americas?
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Chapter 1: Christopher Columbus.
目录 1:克里斯多夫·哥伦布.
4 Chapter 2: The Maya.
4 第2章:玛雅人.
8 Chapter 3: The Anasazi.
8 第3章:"阿那萨齐".
11 Chapter 4: The Inca.
11 第4章:印加人.
14 Chapter 5: Point of View.
14 第5章:取景点.
17 Explore More.
17 探索更多。
20 Glossary.
20 词汇表。
22 Note: There are four maps in this book.
22 说明: 此书有四张地图.
They use names like “North America” and “Colorado” even though those places didn’t have those names when the events in this book occurred.
他们使用“北美”和“科罗拉多”等名称,
The modern names are used so that you can use modern maps to see where things were a long time ago.
现代地名的用法是用现代地图来查看事物在很久以前的位置.
CHAPTER 1: Christopher Columbus In 1492, Columbus sailed the ocean blue.
第1章:克里斯托弗·哥伦布 1492年,哥伦布出海出海蓝色.
This is a famous rhyme about a famous voyage.
这是关于著名出行的有名韵.
On August 3, 1492, Christopher Columbus set sail from Europe with a group of three ships.
1492年8月3日,克里斯多夫·哥伦布从欧洲起航,搭乘由三艘船组成的一队.
He was looking for a shortcut to a group of islands in Southeast Asia called the Indies.
他正在寻找一个捷径 去东南亚一群叫"印度"的岛屿
That’s why he tried to sail west across the Atlantic Ocean.
因此他试图向西航行,
Columbus didn’t realize that large continents would block his way.
哥伦布没有意识到大大陆会阻碍他的道路。
He and his crew spotted land on October 12.
他和他的船员在10月12日发现着陆.
They thought it was the Indies.
他们以为是印度人干的
Christopher Columbus was an Italian explorer.
克里斯多夫·哥伦布是一位意大利探险家.
Do You Know?
你知道吗?
Have you ever wondered where the word “ America” comes from?
你有没有想过“美国”一词来自何处?
America is actually named after the Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci.
美国实际上以意大利探险家Amerigo Vespucci命名.
He explored the American mainland in 1497.
他在1497年探索了美国本土.
Then a German mapmaker labeled the land “ America.”
然后,一名德国制图师将这片土地标为“美国”。 “
Ever since then, the name has stuck.
从此名字被卡住.
But instead, it was a place that Europeans had never seen before.
但是,它是一个欧洲人从未见过的地方。
These continents became known as the Americas.
这些大陆被称作"美洲".
Every year in October, the United States celebrates the feats of Christopher Columbus.
每年10月,美国都庆祝克里斯托弗·哥伦布的功绩.
Many people say that Columbus discovered the Americas.
许多人说哥伦布发现了美洲.
But other people disagree.
但其他人不同意这一点。
They say that he wasn’t the first to discover this land.
他们说他不是第一个发现这片土地的人。
So did Columbus really “discover” the Americas?
哥伦布真的“发现”美洲吗?
Discovery is when something is found or seen for the first time.
发现是第一次发现或看到的东西。
But was Columbus really the first person to walk on the American continents?
但哥伦布真的是第一个走在美国大陆的人吗?
Had anyone come before him?
有人在他之前来过吗?
The Vikings Some people say that Columbus wasn’t even the first European to arrive in America.
有些人说哥伦布甚至不是第一个抵达美国的欧洲人。
The Vikings, sailors and warriors from northern Europe, may have explored the northern part of the Americas years before Columbus set sail.
来自北欧的维京人,水手和勇士,可能在哥伦布起航前的几年中探索了美洲北部.
The Vikings discovered many northern lands, including Iceland and Greenland.
维京人发现了许多北部土地,包括冰岛和格陵兰.
A possible Viking landing site has been discovered in Canada.
在加拿大发现了一个可能的维京登陆地.
It is nearly 1,000 years old.
它有将近1000年的历史。
On Columbus’s first trip across the Atlantic, he visited the Caribbean Islands.
在哥伦布第一次跨大西洋出行时,他访问了加勒比群岛.
Columbus was not the first person to set foot in the Americas.
哥伦布并不是第一个踏入美洲的人.
People had been living there for thousands of years.
人们在那里生活了几千年。
These people had already made pottery, built pyramids, and studied astronomy.
这些人已经制造出陶器,建造了金字塔,并研究了天文学。
Many different civilizations were already there.
许多不同的文明已经存在。
In this book, you will learn about three groups of people—the Maya, the Anasazi, and the Inca.
在这本书中,你会了解三组人——玛雅人,阿纳萨齐人和印加人.
The Maya built cities in the rainforest.
玛雅人在雨林里建造了城市.
The Anasazi built houses in the sides of cliffs.
阿那萨齐人在悬崖边建造了房屋.
And the Inca had cities high up in the mountains.
印加有高地的城市在山上。
You will read about how and where they lived in the Americas.
你会读到他们在美洲生活的方式和地点。
You will also figure out when they lived.
你也会发现他们活着的时候
This will help us answer our question: Did Columbus actually discover the Americas?
这将帮助我们回答我们的问题: 哥伦布真的发现了美洲吗?
CHAPTER 2: The Maya Thousands of years ago, the Maya (MAH-yuh) built giant stone pyramids in southern Mexico and the Central American rainforest.
第2章:玛雅人 数千年前,玛雅人(MAH-yuh)在墨西哥南部和中美洲雨林地上建造了巨石金字塔.
Some pyramids were as tall as ten-story buildings, with steps going all the way up.
一些金字塔高至十层的建筑,有台阶向上走去.
Priests walked up the steep steps with offerings for the gods.
祭司们走上了陡峭的台阶,为众神献上祭品.
At the top were temples for religious ceremonies.
顶部是宗教仪式的寺庙.
The Maya knew a lot about architecture, astronomy, art, math, and writing.
玛雅人对建筑,天文学,艺术,数学,和写作了解甚多.
They studied the stars and made calendars.
他们研究了恒星并制作了日历.
They carved big sculptures and painted bright murals.
他们雕刻出大型雕塑并绘出明亮的壁画.
Their math system used dots and bars instead of numerals.
他们的数学系统使用点和条来代替数字.
Their writing used pictures and symbols instead of words and letters.
他们的写作使用图片和符号来代替文字和字母.
The Maya wrote on stone surfaces and in books made out of fig tree paper.
玛雅人在石头表面和用无花果树纸作成的书上写道.
A few of these books still exist today.
其中一些书今天仍然存在.
The Maya were farmers who grew crops such as corn, beans, and chili peppers.
玛雅人是种植玉米、豆类和辣椒等作物的农民。
They liked to eat flat corn cakes, which are now called tortillas (tor-TEE-ahs).
他们喜欢吃扁平的玉米饼,现在称为玉米饼(tor-TEE-ahs).
The Maya raised turkeys and hunted animals, such as deer.
玛雅人饲养了火鸡并猎取了鹿等动物.
They traded jaguar skins, jade, and brightly colored bird feathers.
他们交易了美洲豹皮,玉子和明亮有色的鸟羽.
At religious festivals, the Maya danced and had feasts.
在宗教节日,玛雅人跳舞并举行宴会.
Most Mayan cities had large ball courts.
大多数玛雅城市都有大型球场.
These courts had walls with stone rings high above the ground.
这些法庭有高地上有石环的墙壁。
They used these courts to play a sacred game in which players hit a rubber ball through the ring.
他们利用这些庭院来打出一个神圣的游戏,玩家们在游戏中打出一个橡皮球来穿环.
But they weren’t allowed to use their hands.
但不允许他们用手。
They had to hit the ball with their hips, shoulders, and thighs.
他们不得不用臀部,肩膀和大腿来打球.
Remaining Ruin: Chichén Itzá For hundreds of years Chichén Itzá (chee-CHEHN eet-SAH) was the most powerful Mayan city.
尚存的鲁因:Chichén Itzá 数百年来,Chichén Itzá(chee-CHEHN eet-SAH)是玛雅最强大的城市.
It had a huge open plaza and a giant pyramid.
它有一个巨大的露天广场和一个巨大的金字塔。
There were also many other buildings, including a steam bath and an observatory for studying the stars.
还有许多其他建筑,包括一座蒸汽浴和一座研究恒星的天文台.
Chichén Itzá was also home to the largest ball court in the area.
Chichén Itzá也是该地区最大的球会所在地.
Chichén Itzá is not just a name from the past.
齐坚 伊萨不仅仅是过去的名字。
You can still find it in southern Mexico.
在墨西哥南部你还是能找到的
Many of its pyramids still exist.
它的许多金字塔仍然存在.
Tourists walk up these old pyramids.
游客走起这些旧金字塔。
They also study the detailed stone carvings.
他们还研究了详细的石刻.
Some sit by the ball court and imagine what the games were like.
有些人坐在球场旁,想象比赛的场景.
Nearby, there are even more ruins.
附近还有更多的废墟
But these are still buried under soil, plants, and trees.
但这些仍被埋在土壤,植物和树木下.
The Maya lived in present-day Mexico and Central America.
玛雅人生活在当今的墨西哥和中美洲.
Today, over four million Mayan people still live there.
今天,400多万玛雅人仍然生活在那里。
Chichén Itzá is a popular tourist destination today.
齐坚 伊特萨今天是一个受欢迎的旅游胜地.
CHAPTER 3: The Anasazi The story of the Anasazi (ah-nuh-SAH-zee) is amazing and mysterious.
第3章:阿纳萨齐 Anasazi (ah-nuh-SAH-zee)的故事令人惊奇而神秘.
The Anasazi were also known as the “cliff dwellers” or the “ancient ones.”
阿纳萨齐人也被称为“克里夫居民”或“古老居民”。 “
They lived in the Southwestern region of today’s United States.
他们住在今天的美国西南地区。
These people lived as hunters and then as farmers, growing corn, beans, squash, and cotton.
这些人作为猎人生活,然后作为农民生活,种植玉米,豆类,壁球和棉花.
They built sandstone houses in the sides of cliffs.
他们在悬崖边建造了砂岩房屋.
But about 700 years ago, the Anasazi simply vanished from their homes.
但大约700年前,阿纳萨齐人从家中消失了。
Today we know about the Anasazi because they left many clues behind.
今天我们了解了阿纳萨齐人 因为他们留下了许多线索
It seems as if they left one day, meaning to come back.
似乎有一天他们离开了 打算回来
But they never did.
但他们从来没有
Their sandstone houses were still intact.
他们的砂岩房屋仍然完好无损.
Clothes hung from hooks, and pottery lay on the ground.
衣被吊从钩上取出,取出取出取出取出取出地上取出取出取出取出取出取出取出取出.
Archaeologists later found sandals, baskets, blankets, and garden tools.
考古学家后来发现了凉鞋,篮子,被子和花园工具.
There were many pieces of beautiful pottery, such as jars and bowls with black and red designs.
曾出土过多件精美的陶器,如有黑色和红色设计的罐子和碗.
The Anasazi also left petroglyphs of people and animals carved into rock walls.
阿纳萨齐还留下了被人和动物雕刻成岩壁的石刻.
Why did these people leave their homes so suddenly?
为什么这些人突然离开家?
To this day, it is still a mystery.
时至今日,这仍然是一个谜。
Some people believe that a long drought made it too hard to grow food there.
有些人认为,长期干旱使得在那里种植粮食过于困难.
Others believe that the Anasazi were suddenly invaded.
其他人认为阿纳萨齐人被突然入侵.
We do know that some Anasazi traveled southeast and settled there.
我们确实知道一些阿纳萨齐人去了东南,在那里定居.
Today’s Pueblo people in New Mexico are descendants of the ancient Anasazi.
新墨西哥的今日人民是古代阿纳萨齐人的后裔.
The Anasazi lived in the Four Corners region of the United States.
阿纳萨齐人居住在美国"四角"地区.
Utah Arizona Four Corners New Mexico Colorado Do You Know?
犹他亚利桑那四角 新墨西哥 科罗拉多州 你知道吗?
The Anasazi lived in an area called the Four Corners.
阿纳萨齐人居住在一个叫"四角"的地区.
It is where the corners of four states meet—Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah.
这是四个州的角落相会的地方——阿里索纳州,科罗拉多州,新墨西哥州和犹他州.
If you position your body properly at the Four Corners, you can be in four states at the same time.
如果身体正确定位于"四角",可以同时处于"四相"状态.
The Anasazi left behind clues about their culture, such as this piece of pottery.
阿纳萨齐人留下了他们文化的线索,例如这道陶器.
Tourists from all over the world like to explore Cliff Palace.
来自世界各地的游客都喜欢探索克利夫宫.
Remaining Ruin: Mesa Verde You can still find signs of the Anasazi today.
余鲁能: 梅萨 佛得角 今天你还是能找到阿纳萨齐的痕迹
Perhaps the most amazing Anasazi ruins are at Mesa Verde National Park in Colorado.
科罗拉多州的梅萨·维德国家公园 也许最神奇的阿纳萨齐废墟
Many tourists visit this site every year.
每年有许多游客访问这个站点.
They walk through ancient houses built into the sides of cliffs.
他们穿行于被建入悬崖边的古屋.
The most famous ruin is called Cliff Palace.
最出名的废墟被称作"克利夫宫".
It sits under a big rocky ledge.
它坐落在一个巨大的岩石起伏下.
There are stairs, courtyards, and rooms packed together.
这里有楼梯,庭院, 和房间包装在一起。
Circular rooms called kivas remain where the Anasazi held ceremonies.
阿纳萨齐人举行仪式的地方仍保留着名为kivas的圆形房间。
In the museum you can see authentic Anasazi pottery and baskets.
在博物馆里可以看到正宗的Anasazi陶器和篮子.
CHAPTER 4: The Inca The Inca lived along the western edge of South America.
第4章:印加 印加人沿着南美洲西部边缘而活.
They built a large and rich empire.
他们建立了一个庞大而富有的帝国.
The Inca empire covered thousands of miles of jungles, mountains, and beaches.
印加帝国覆盖了数千英里的丛林,山脉,和海滩.
The Inca were good builders and engineers.
印加人是很好的建筑师和工程师.
They built a network of stone roads that connected towns.
他们建立了连接城镇的石道网.
They even built long suspension bridges over rivers and canyons.
他们甚至为河流和峡谷建造了长长的吊桥.
Before the age of telephones and cars, they kept in close contact.
在电话和汽车时代之前,他们保持了密切联系。
Messengers ran between towns to relay messages from far away.
信使们奔跑在城镇之间,从遥远的地方传递信息。
The Inca empire stretched down the Andean mountains to the coast for more than 4,020 kilometers (2,500 mi.)
印加帝国将安第斯山脉向海岸延伸了4,020多公里(2,500米).
The Inca were also master farmers.
印加人也是农民的主人.
They cut terraces into steep mountainsides.
他们把梯子切入了陡峭的山地
This gave them flat places to grow food.
这给了他们平地种植食物的地方.
They also dug irrigation canals that brought water to their crops.
他们还挖出灌溉渠,为作物取水.
They grew corn, cotton, potatoes, and quinoa (kee-NOH-uh).
他们种植玉米、棉花、马铃薯和 qui(kee-NOH-uh)。
Llamas helped the Inca carry things up the mountains.
Llamas帮助印加人把东西抬上山去.
Today relatives of the Inca still live high in the green Andes.
如今印加人亲属仍高居于绿色安第斯.
On steep, sloping lands they grow foods like quinoa.
在陡峭的地上,他们种出像 qui子一样的食物。
Some still speak the ancient language, Quechua, and live like their Inca ancestors.
有些人仍然会说古老的语言克丘亚语,活得像他们的印加祖先.
Music groups play drums and make beautiful, haunting sounds with traditional flutes.
音乐团体会打出鼓来并用传统的长笛来做出美丽而缠绕的声音.
Today, musicians from Ecuador and Peru play popular Andean music all around the world.
今天,来自厄瓜多尔和秘鲁的音乐家在世界各地演奏受欢迎的安第斯音乐.
Remaining Ruin: Machu Picchu Machu Picchu (MA-choo PEE-choo) is one of the most impressive ruins in the Americas.
余出鲁能:马丘比丘马丘比丘(英语:MA-choo PEE-choo)是美洲最令人印象深刻的废墟之一.
It is an ancient Inca city built out of stone.
这是一个古老的印加城市,用石头建造。
It is perched high on a green mountaintop in Peru.
它位于秘鲁的一座绿色山顶上。
Machu Picchu is so isolated that the outside world didn’t know about it until 1911.
马楚比丘如此孤立,外界直到1911年才知道.
Machu Picchu may have been a home for a royal family.
马丘比丘可能是王室的家.
The “Inca Trail” is a famous stone path that still leads to Machu Picchu.
"印加道"是一条出名的通向马丘比丘的石道.
Today, tourists from all over the world travel to Peru to hike the Inca Trail.
今天,来自世界各地的游客前往秘鲁去登上印加地道.
They follow a four-day route over high mountain passes.
他们沿着四天的路线穿过高山
They also walk by other Inca ruins.
他们还走过其他印加废墟.
At the end, hikers arrive at a stunning view of Machu Picchu.
后出行人来相出妙相相相相相. 马丘比丘.
The Inca used llama wool to make warm clothing.
印加人用拉玛羊毛来做暖服.
Machu Picchu is famous for its beauty and location.
马丘比丘以美而地相出名.
CHAPTER 5: Point of View Now you have learned about different people from the Americas.
第5章:观点 现在你们已经了解了美洲不同的人。
You know about the Maya, the Anasazi, and the Inca.
你知道玛雅人、阿纳萨兹人和印加人
So let’s go back to our original question.
让我们回到我们最初的问题。
Did Columbus really discover Let’s look at the timeline below.
哥伦布真的发现 让我们看看下面的时间表。
On the right, you can see that Columbus arrived in 1492.
在右边可以看到哥伦布于1492年到来.
More than fifty years before that, the Inca empire was already flourishing.
前50多年,印加帝国已经兴起.
In 1200, the Anasazi lived at Cliff Palace.
1200年,阿纳萨齐人住在克利夫宫.
And long before all of that, the Maya were building giant pyramids.
早在这一切发生之前,玛雅人在建造巨大的金字塔.
It is clear that many people lived in the Americas before 1492.
显然,在1492年之前,许多人生活在美洲.
Columbus himself even wrote about the local people he met.
哥伦布本人甚至写了自己所认识的当地人.
When Columbus first arrived, he thought he had landed in the Indies.
哥伦布刚到来时,他以为自己已经登陆了印度群岛.
That’s why he mistakenly called the local people “Indians.”
因此,他错误地称当地人民为“印第安人”。 “
For many years, the people from the Americas have been called Indians.
多年来,美洲人被称作"印第安人".
But now more people call them Native Americans.
但现在有更多的人称他们为"美洲原住民".
This is because they are native to the Americas.
这是因为他们是美洲的原住民。
Their families have lived here for many years.
他们的家人在这里生活了多年。
If you want to learn more about Native Americans, you can study their ruins.
如果你想更多地了解美洲原住民,你可以研究他们的废墟.
You already know that Chichén Itzá is in Mexico, Cliff Palace is in Colorado, and Machu Picchu is in Peru.
你已经知道Chichén Itzá在墨西哥, Cliff Palace在科罗拉多, Machu比丘在秘鲁。
These ruins are proof of the people who lived in the Americas before Columbus.
这些废墟证明了哥伦布之前生活在美洲的人们.
If you are lucky enough to visit the ruins, you may meet Native American people in those areas.
如果你幸运地参观了废墟,你可以在那些地方见到美洲原住民.
It was their ancestors who built these cities long ago.
是他们的祖先很久以前建造了这些城市.
This timeline shows that people lived in the Americas long before Columbus arrived.
这个时间表表明,早在哥伦布到来之前,人们就生活在美洲.
These ancient petroglyphs are from Anasazi land in Utah.
这些古老的石刻出自犹他州的Anasazi地.
Christopher Columbus arrived in the Americas (1492) TIMELINE FOR THE AMERICAS Inca empire stretched far to the north and south (1438) Anasazi lived at Cliff Palace Maya began to build giant pyramids B.
克里斯多弗·哥伦布抵达美洲(1492年) 美国时间线 印加帝国向北和向南伸展相去甚远(1438年) 阿纳萨齐住在克利夫宫(Cliff Palace Maya),开始建造巨大的金字塔B.
C.
C组
E.
（字母E）
C.
C组
E.
（字母E）
So why do people still say that Columbus discovered the Americas?
为什么人们仍然说哥伦布发现了美洲?
Well, the answer to this question probably depends on perspective.
这个问题的答案可能取决于视角。
Perspective is the point of view from which you see something.
视角是您从中看到的东西的视角.
From the perspective of the Europeans, Columbus had found new land.
从欧洲人的角度来看,哥伦布发现了新的地盘.
So for them, it was a discovery.
所以对他们来说,这是一个发现。
But from the perspective of the Native Americans, Columbus hadn’t discovered their land.
但从美洲原住民的角度来看,哥伦布还没有发现他们的土地。
These people had already been eating, sleeping, and farming there for many years.
这些人已经在那里吃饭、睡觉和耕作多年。
So depending on the perspective, both sides could be right.
因此,根据观点,双方都可能是正确的。
Maybe we could better say that Columbus explored the Americas.
或许我们可以说哥伦布探索了美洲
That’s probably more accurate than saying he discovered them.
这或许比说他发现了更准确。
Explore More There’s a lot more to learn about Native Americans.
探索更多 也有许多关于美洲原住民的知识。
You can read about the Maya, Anasazi, and Inca.
你可以读到玛雅人、阿纳萨齐人和印加人
Tell your librarian you’re interested in learning more about these Native Americans.
告诉你的图书管理员,
Ask where you can find books about them.
问何处能取出书来.
A.
A组.
In the address window, type: www.
在地址窗口中,类型:www.
google.
Google (英语).
com.
电话
B.
毕.
Then type: Native Americans or the name of a particular group, such as Maya.
然后类型:美洲原住民或特定群体的名字,如玛雅.
Click on “Google Search.”
单击“谷歌搜索”。 “
C.
C组
Read the colored links.
读取有色链接.
Click on one that looks interesting.
点击一个看起来很有趣。
D.
D类.
When you want to explore other links, click the back arrow on the top left.
想要探索其他链接时,请单击左上方的后箭头.
E.
（字母E）
Or try some different searches: Anasazi, Inca, or Christopher Columbus.
或者尝试一些不同的搜索:阿纳萨齐,印加或克里斯托弗·哥伦布.
Quechua porters serve as guides on the Inca Trail to Machu Picchu.
克丘亚搬运工担任印加地道至马丘比丘的向导.
3 Try To Decipher Maya Math!
3 试着解密玛雅数学!
The Maya used a different counting system than we do.
玛雅人用不同的计票系统
Instead of numerals like “1, 2, 3,” they used dots and bars.
他们使用的是"一,二,三"等数字.
One dot equaled “1” and one bar equaled “5.”
一个点等于“1”,一栏等于“5.”
See if you can guess what these numbers are: A) B) C) D) E) F) Glossary archaeologists (n.)
看能不能猜出这些数字是: A, B, C, D) E) 词汇考古学家 (n.
people who study things from long ago by looking at the items left behind (p.
透过观察所留下的物品来研究事物的人(p.
12) architecture (n.)
12) 建筑 (n.
the design and construction of buildings (p.
建筑物的设计和建造(p.
8) civilizations (n.)
8) 文明(n.)
the culture and way of life of particular places (p.
特定地方的文化和生活方式(第2页)。
7) flourishing (v.)
7) 繁荣(五.
doing very well; at its peak (p.
成绩很好;在峰值(p.
17) intact (adj.)
17) 完好无损 (adj.
put together; not broken or changed (p.
组合起来;不中断或更改(p.
12) kivas (n.)
12)克瓦斯 (n.
underground rooms used by the Anasazi for ceremonies (p.
阿纳萨兹人用于仪式的地下房间(p.
13) murals (n.)
13) 壁画 (n.
large paintings painted on walls (p.
墙上绘有大型画作(p.
8) native (adj.)
8)本土(adj.
belonging to a country or location by birth (p.
属于出生国或地点(p.
18) perspective (n.)
18) 视角(n.)
a point of view or way of looking at something (p.
一种观点或观察某事的方法(p.
19) petroglyphs (n.)
19) 石刻 (n.
an old rock carving (p.
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12) suspension bridges (n.)
12)吊桥 (n.