The Buffalo Soldiers
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents A New Army.
目录 A 新军.
4 The Original Buffalo Soldiers.
4 水牛战士原作.
6 Out West.
6出西门.
8 The 9th and 10th Cavalries Combine.
8 第9和10骑兵联合队.
12 Later Service.
12 稍后服务。
13 The Buffalo Soldiers’ Legacy.
13 水牛战士遗产。
15 Glossary.
15 词汇。
16 A New Army Black soldiers have a long history in the United States.
16 新一军黑兵在美国历史悠久.
Thousands fought for both U.
数千人为两个U而战.
S.
师曰.
and British forces in the Revolutionary War, even though neither side granted them the same rights as white men.
和英国军队在革命战争中, 即使双方都给予他们与白人同等的权利。
Even more black soldiers—more than 170,000—fought for the Northern Union Army during the Civil War (1861–1865) in hopes of endi ng slavery.
在南北战争期间(1861–1865年)为北方联合军争取到更多黑人士兵——超过170 000人,希望他们成为奴隶。
After the Union won the Civil War in 1865, Congress passed the Army Reorganization Act.
1865年联邦赢得内战后,国会通过了"军队重组法案".
Among other things, the act created the first peacetime regiments of black soldiers.
除其他外,这一行为创造了第一个和平时期的黑人士兵团.
These regiments would come to be known as the Buffalo Soldiers.
这些团将被称为"水牛战士".
Many black men who joined these regiments had served in the Union Army.
许多加入这些团的黑人曾在联军服役.
Many others were former slaves.
其他许多人是前奴隶。
As farmer-turned-soldier Charles Creek said, “I got tired of looking mules in the face from sunrise to sunset, thought there must be a better livin’ in this world.”
我厌倦了从日出到日出的脸庞上寻找骡子, “
They joined because the U.
他们加入是因为U.
S.
师曰.
Army presented black men with unique opportunities.
军队为黑人提供了独特的机会.
Although the Civil War ended slavery in the United States, black people still faced intense discrimination.
虽然内战结束了美国的奴隶制,但黑人仍然面临激烈的歧视.
It was difficult for them to find work, and when they did, they were often paid less than white workers or weren’t paid at all.
他们很难找到工作,
Black people often weren’t allowed to live in the same places as white people.
黑人往往不被允许与白人同住一地。
They also had a difficult time gaining an education.
他们也很难接受教育。
In 1866, the U.
1866年,乌.
S.
师曰.
Army paid black soldiers the same as white soldiers—$13 per month.
军队付给黑人士兵的钱与白人士兵一样——每月13美元.
Because black soldiers needed to write messages and understand orders and maps, those who couldn’t were taught to read and write.
因为黑人士兵需要写信息、理解命令和地图,
The army provided soldiers with food, clothes, shelter, work, and the chance for adventure.
军队为士兵提供食物,衣服,住所,工作,以及冒险的机会.
Most of these men were being sent to the western frontier—the Great Plains, deserts, and mountains west of the Mississippi.
这些人大多被送到了西部边境——大平原,沙漠和密西西比以西的山脉.
Few had ever been there or knew how to survive there, but they were about to learn.
很少有人去过那里或知道如何在那里生存,但他们即将学习。
The Original Buffalo Soldiers The first black units formed in 1866 by the Army Reorganization Act were the 38th through 41st Infantry Regiments and the 9th and 10th Cavalry Regiments.
水牛战士的原作 1866年由"陆军重组法"所组建的第一批黑人分队是第38至41步兵团和骑兵第9至10骑兵团.
Many historians consider the 10th to be the original Buffalo Soldiers.
许多历史学家认为"十"是"水牛战士"的原作.
First stationed at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, the 10th Cavalry was commanded by Colonel Benjamin Grierson, a white man.
最初驻扎于堪萨斯州的莱文沃斯堡,第10骑兵团由白人本杰明·格里森上校指挥.
Like the other black regiments, the 10th Cavalry faced many challenges.
与其他黑人团一样,第10骑兵团也面临许多挑战.
Many white soldiers and officers didn’t think black soldiers should serve in the army.
许多白人士兵和军官认为黑人士兵不应该在军队服役.
They gave the black soldiers old or lame horses as well as poor or damaged supplies.
他们向黑人士兵提供老旧或跛脚的马匹以及贫乏或被损坏的补给.
They gave them hot wool uniforms to wear in summer.
他们给了他们夏季穿的热羊毛制服.
During the winter, black soldiers were often wet and cold.
在冬季,黑人士兵经常被潮湿而寒冷.
The food they received was never as good as the food for white soldiers.
他们收到的食物从未像白人士兵得到的食物那样好.
If a white soldier stole from or hurt a black soldier, the white soldier often went free.
如果一名白人士兵从一名黑人士兵那里偷来或伤害了一名黑人士兵,那么白人士兵往往会自由出行.
Field workers stand in a Florida cotton field in 1879.
1879年田地工人站在佛罗里达州的一个棉花地上.
Hard labor was the only work available to many black people after the Civil War— often the same work they’d done as slaves.
许多黑人在内战后只能从事苦力劳动,
Colonel Benjamin Grierson Word Wise Infantries are made up of soldiers who fight on foot.
本杰明·格里森上校 婴儿由徒步作战的士兵所组成.
In the past, cavalries were made up of soldiers who rode horses.
过去骑兵由骑马的士兵所组成.
Today, cavalries are made up of soldiers in vehicles.
如今,骑兵由车辆中的士兵所组成.
Colonel Grierson asked to have his unit moved to another fort.
格里森上校要求他的部队搬到另一个要塞.
They were moved, but the treatment was much the same wherever they went.
他们被感动了,但无论到哪里治疗都是一样的.
Still, the 10th Cavalry and the other regiments of black soldiers continued to perform their duties.
尽管如此,第10骑兵团和其他黑人士兵团继续履行职责.
The regiments were often praised for their work and conduct.
各团的工作和行为常被称赞.
Black soldiers were much less likely to desert their units or cause trouble than many white soldiers.
与许多白人士兵相比,黑人士兵离队或制造麻烦的可能性要小得多.
Out West The West was a wild place during the late 1800s.
离开西部 西方在1800年代后期是一个野生地.
More and more settlers were moving into the region.
越来越多的定居者进入该地区。
Because the area was so vast, it was difficult to enforce laws.
由于该地区面积如此之大,很难执法.
Outlaws rode freely, stealing cattle and horses.
外人自由出行,偷牛马.
They also often robbed banks as well as stagecoaches, which provided important supplies and mail to the settlers.
他们还经常抢劫银行和舞台机,向定居者提供重要用品和邮件。
Outlaws rob a stagecoach in 1880.
1880年外出抢劫了一辆马车.
This drawing records the scene as described by a witness.
这幅画记录了目击者描述的场景.
NEBRASKA COLORADO KANSAS TEXAS MEXICO UTAH Fort Leavenworth Fort Riley Fort Niobrara Fort Robinson Fort Selden Fort Sill Fort Concho Fort Clark Fort Stockton Fort Davis Where Were They?
NEBRASKA COLORADO KANSA TEXAS MEXICO UTAH 莱文沃斯堡 莱利堡 尼奥布拉拉堡 鲁滨逊堡 塞尔登堡 锡尔堡 康乔堡 克拉克堡 斯托克顿堡 戴维斯在哪里?
WYOMING Oklahoma Territory Indian Territory New Mexico Territory Arizona Territory N EW S UNITED STATES This map shows important forts where the Buffalo Soldiers served in the late 1800s.
WYOMING 俄克拉荷马领地 印度领地 新墨西哥领地 亚利桑那领地 美国 这幅地图显示了水牛战士在1800年代后期服役的重要要塞.
Meanwhile, the expansion of the United States also pushed Native Americans off the lands they had lived on for thousands of years.
与此同时,美国的扩张也迫使美洲原住民离开他们几千年所居住的土地.
The U.
吴人.
S.
师曰.
back land and supplies.
回到土地和物资。
Regiments of black soldiers were ordered to protect settlers, towns, and supplies from outlaws and Native Americans.
黑兵团被命令保护定居者,城镇,以及来自不法分子和美洲原住民的补给.
Yet because of their skin color, the black soldiers were rarely welcomed in towns.
然而由于其肤色,黑人士兵在城镇中很少受到欢迎.
Between 1866 and 1875, the 10th Cavalry was stationed in different places around Kansas and Indian Territory (now Oklahoma).
1866至1875年间,第10骑兵团驻扎在堪萨斯州和印第安领地(现俄克拉荷马州)周围的不同地方.
It was during this time that they earned the name Buffalo Soldiers.
在此期间,他们获得了水牛战士的称号.
Historians differ on where the name actually came from.
历史学家在名称的实际来源上存在分歧.
They agree that it came from Native Americans.
他们同意这是来自美洲原住民。
Some say Comanches gave the 10th the name, while others say it was the Cheyennes.
有人说 科曼切斯给了第十名,而其他人则说这是夏安人.
One day in 1867, Captain George Armes and his men from the 10th Cavalry were following a trail along the Saline River when they were attacked by hundreds of Cheyenne warriors.
1867年的一天,第10骑兵团的乔治·阿尔梅斯上尉和他的部下正在沿着萨林河行走,当时他们被数百名夏安战士所攻击.
They fought all day and into the next until Captain Armes led a charge that drove back the warriors.
他们战斗了一整天,并进入了下一个阶段,直到阿尔梅斯上尉带领一个将战士赶回的罪名.
He later wrote that it was amazing both he and his men escaped with their lives.
他后来写道,他和他的手下都带着生命逃出,这是令人惊奇的.
If it had not been for their toughness, Armes wrote, “not one of the command would have returned.”
阿尔梅斯写道,如果不是因为他们的强硬,那么,“没有一个指挥部会回来。 “
Some stories say the name came from the black soldiers’ fierceness in such battles— fierceness like a cornered buffalo’s.
有些故事说,这个名字来自黑人士兵在这种战斗中的凶猛性——像一头被围住的野牛的凶猛性.
Another story says the name came from the black soldiers’ hair being similar to the dark, woolly hair between a buffalo’s horns.
另一个故事说,这个名字来自黑人士兵的发型,类似于一头水牛的角之间的深色羊毛发.
Wherever the name came from, all the regiments of black soldiers soon adopted it.
无论名字来自何处,所有黑人士兵的团团都很快采纳了这个名字.
They knew that the buffalo was sacred to Native Americans, and only a respected enemy would be named for it.
他们知道水牛对美洲原住民来说是神圣的,只有受人尊敬的敌人才会因此而被取名.
In time, they even added an image of the buffalo to their flag.
在时间上,他们甚至将水牛的形象加入了他们的旗帜.
The 9th and 10th Cavalries Combine In 1875, the 10th Cavalry was sent to Texas, where it joined the 9th.
第九和第十骑兵团 1875年,第10骑兵团被派往德克萨斯州,在那里加入了第9军.
At that time, the government was trying to force the Apache tribes to relocate onto reservations in Arizona.
当时政府正试图迫使阿帕奇部落迁入亚利桑那州的保留地.
Knowing the government would not keep its promises, and not wanting to live on poor land far from their home, the Apaches resisted.
阿帕奇人知道政府不会信守诺言,不想生活在远离家园的贫瘠地上,于是反抗.
The warrior chief Victorio had led a band of excellent fighters since the 1850s.
勇士首领维克多里奥从1850年代起就领导了一支优秀的战士乐队.
They had been raiding settlements and attacking U.
他们袭击了定居点并袭击了U。
S.
师曰.
troops for years.
军队多年。
Colonel Grierson and the 9th and 10th Cavalries were ordered to capture Victorio.
格里森上校和第九和第十骑兵团奉命攻克维克多里奥.
After many battles and chases throughout the Southwest, they finally drove him into Mexico, where he died in 1880.
经过多起西南战役和追逐后,他们终于把他赶入了墨西哥,他于1880年在墨西哥去世.
Afterward, the 10th Cavalry remained in the Southwest for almost a decade, trying to bring the Apaches under control.
之后,第10骑兵团在西南地区停留了近十年,试图将阿帕奇人控制.
The 9th Cavalry was sent to Indian Territory, where they fought settlers and outlaws who were trying to take land set aside for Native Americans.
第9骑兵团被派往了印第安领地,他们在那里与试图夺取为美洲原住民留出的土地的定居者和不法分子作战.
The Buffalo Soldiers may have been named for the buffalo coats they sometimes wore.
水牛战士可能因有时所穿的水牛外衣而得名.
Later Service The Buffalo Soldiers continued to work throughout the West, earning fourteen Medals of Honor between 1870 and 1890.
后期服务 水牛战士继续在整个西方地区工作,在1870至1890年间获得十四个荣誉勋章.
The Medal of Honor is the highest award a U.
荣誉勋章是U的最高奖项.
S.
师曰.
soldier can earn.
士兵可以挣钱
In 1898, the Buffalo Soldiers fought in the Spanish-American War.
1898年,水牛战士出战西班牙-美国战争.
The conflict lasted ten weeks.
冲突持续了十周。
They took part in many battles and earned five Medals of Honor.
他们参加了多场战役并获得5个荣誉勋章.
Even so, some leaders in the U.
即使如此,一些领导人在U.
S.
师曰.
Army still thought black soldiers were unable to perform as well as white soldiers.
军队仍然认为黑人士兵和白人士兵一样不能表现.
After that war, between 1899 and 1904, the Buffalo Soldiers worked as park rangers, serving in Sequoia, Yosemite, and Kings Canyon National Parks in California.
战后,从1899年到1904年,水牛战士出任了公园护林员,先后效力于塞克乌亚,约塞米特等地,以及加利福尼亚的金斯峡谷国家公园.
They built roads and trails, fought forest fires, and stopped people from hunting animals and stealing timber.
他们修建了道路和小道,扑灭了森林火灾,并阻止了人们去打猎动物并偷取木材.
During World Wars I and II, the original cavalry and infantry units were disbanded and reorganized.
世界大战期间 一二,原骑兵和步兵部队被解散并重组.
The new regiments were still called Buffalo Soldiers, though, and were still led by white officers.
新的兵团虽然仍被称作"水牛战士"(Buffalo soldiers),仍由白人军官领导.
They were kept separate from white soldiers until the Korean War (1950–1953).
在朝鲜战争(1950–1953)前,他们一直与白人士兵分开.
The army disbanded the last regiments of Buffalo Soldiers in 1951, and the troops were integrated into other units.
军队于1951年解散了水牛战士的最后一团,部队被编入了其他单位.
An integrated unit of black and white soldiers fights in Korea in 1950.
1950年由黑白士兵组成的整编部队出战韩国.
Buffalo Soldiers on Bikes In the 1890s, the army wanted to see if bikes could replace horses since bikes were cheaper and easier to care for.
骑自行车的水牛战士 1890年代,由于自行车价格更便宜,也更容易被照顾,军队想看看机车是否可以取代马.
The Buffalo Soldiers rode 1,900 miles from Fort Missoula, Montana, to St.
水牛战士们从蒙大拿州米苏拉堡出行了1900英里,到达了圣.
Louis, Missouri.
(原始内容存档于2018-10-21). Louis, Missouri.
The roads were bad.
路况不好
They crossed the Rockies, rivers, and shifting sandhills, and still averaged 50 miles a day.
他们穿过落基山脉,河流,并移动了沙丘,仍然平均每天50英里.
Before long, though, bikes were replaced with motorcycles.
不过,不久之后,自行车被替换为摩托车.
The Buffalo Soldiers’ Legacy People have not forgotten about the Buffalo Soldiers.
水牛战士的遗产没有忘记水牛战士。
Many books have been written about them.
著有多部关于他们的著作.
Monuments to them stand in Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, and El Paso, Texas.
他们的纪念碑在堪萨斯州的莱文沃斯堡和德克萨斯州的埃尔帕索站立.
History remembers the Buffalo Soldiers as tough men who took on tough jobs.
历史记忆中"水牛战士"是坚韧的人,承担了艰苦的工作.
Although they were often given poor equipment and supplies, they never let that stop them.
尽管他们往往得到的设备和用品很差,但他们从未因此而阻止他们。
In the face of racism, they fought to prove that they were good at their jobs.
面对种族主义,他们争相证明自己擅长工作.
Their bravery and service are an important part of America’s story.
他们的勇敢与服务是美国故事的重要组成部分.