Ben Franklin
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Introduction.
导言表。
4 Early Life.
4"早生" (中文(简体) ).
5 A Young Apprentice.
5"青年学徒".
7 Printer and Businessman.
7 打印机和商人。
10 Family Man, Community Activist.
10 家庭男子,社区活动家。
12 Inventor and Scientist.
12 发明与科学家.
14 Founding Father.
14 开国元勋.
17 Conclusion.
17 结论。
22 Glossary.
22 词汇表。
23 Index.
23 指数。
24 Introduction Do you have a public library near you?
导言 你附近有公共图书馆吗?
Thank Benjamin Franklin.
感谢本杰明·富兰克林。
Do you have lights to read by?
你有灯读取?
Thank Benjamin Franklin.
感谢本杰明·富兰克林。
Does your mail come right to your door?
你的邮件就在你门口吗?
Do you get to play outside later in the summer because it stays lighter longer?
夏天后期你还能在外面玩吗?
Thank Benjamin Franklin.
感谢本杰明·富兰克林。
Do you live in a free and independent country?
你生活在一个自由和独立的国家吗?
Thank Benjamin Franklin.
感谢本杰明·富兰克林。
How did one man do so much?
一个人是怎么做到这么多的?
One hundred dollar bills are sometimes called Benjamins because they have Ben Franklin’s image on them.
百元钞票有时被称作"本杰明"(Benjamins),因为他们身上有本·富兰克林的形象.
Early Life “.
早期生活“。
All the little money that came into my hands was ever laid out in books.”
我手中所有的小钱 都放在书上 “
Born on January 17, 1706, to Josiah and Abiah Franklin in Boston, Massachusetts, Benjamin Franklin was the youngest son of 17 children.
1706年1月17日生于马萨诸塞州波士顿的约西亚和阿比亚·富兰克林,本杰明·富兰克林是17个孩子中最小的儿子.
His father worked hard making candles and soap.
他的父亲努力制作蜡烛和肥皂.
His mother managed the large household.
他的母亲管理着这个大家庭。
When he was eight years old, Ben started school.
八岁时,班起学.
He liked learning and did well in all his subjects except arithmetic.
他喜欢学习,除了算术之外,他的所有科目都表现良好.
However, Josiah and Abiah could not pay for years of school for their children.
然而,约西亚和阿比亚却无法为其子女支付多年的学费.
Only the wealthy could afford that.
只有有钱人才能买得起
So ten-year-old Ben went to work for his father.
所以10岁 本为他的父亲工作.
He cut wicks and filled the molds for candles.
他剪了花枝并装满了蜡烛的模具.
He cleaned up the shop, ran errands, and spent hours near vats of boiling tallow.
他清理了店铺,跑跑腿, 在沸腾高地附近度过了几个小时。
Tallow is a fat that comes from sheep and cows.
塔罗是羊和牛的脂肪
Ben thought it smelled awful.
Ben觉得闻起来糟透了
Ben dreamed of being a sailor.
本想当个水手
He loved the water and swam in the local pond with his friends every chance he had.
他热爱水并游入了当地的池塘,每一次机会都和他的朋友们在一起.
Once he took a kite to the pond, and as he held onto the kite string, the air pulled the kite.
有一次他带着风筝去池塘,当他抓住风筝弦时,空气拉起风筝.
He relaxed and let the kite pull him across the pond.
他放松了 让风筝把他拉过池塘
Ben’s parents did not want him to be a sailor because of the dangers he would face on long ocean voyages.
Ben的父母不希望他成为水手,因为他在远洋航行时会面临危险。
So Josiah took Ben to visit bricklayers, carpenters, and blacksmiths.
于是乔西亚带本去拜访了砖匠,木匠和铁匠.
He hoped that Ben would find a job he liked.
他希望本能找到他喜欢的工作.
Ben learned skills he later used in his own home; however, he did not find a job.
本学习了后来在自己家中使用的技能;然而他没有找到工作.
Though he wasn’t in school, Ben read as much as possible.
虽然他没有上学,
He read all of his father’s books and used his meager spending money to buy more books.
他阅读了父亲的所有书籍,并用他小钱购买了更多的书籍.
Josiah noticed that Ben loved books.
乔西亚注意到了本爱书.
James, one of Ben’s brothers, had recently set up a printing business.
Ben的兄弟之一James最近创办了一家印刷厂。
At last, Josiah knew the perfect job for Ben.
乔西亚终于知道本的完美工作了
A painting shows Boston Harbor in the 1700s.
一幅画显示波士顿港在1700年代.
This candle-making shop was probably similar to the shop where Ben worked for his father.
这家制蜡烛店可能与本为父亲工作的店铺相类似.
A Young Apprentice “Hope of gain Lessens pain.”
年轻学徒 “希望收益减轻痛苦。 “
Josiah arranged for Ben to be an apprentice to James.
乔西亚安排了本为詹姆斯的学徒.
Ben, now twelve, would work for James and learn printing.
班,现在12岁,会为詹姆斯工作 并学习印刷。
He would do this until he turned twenty-one.
他会这么做,直到他21岁。
For eight years, he would receive no pay, just food and a bed.
八年来,他得不到报酬,只有食物和床。
In his last year, he would get a small salary.
在他的最后一年,他会得到一个小工资。
Ben became good at setting the type (the letters) for books and newspapers.
本擅长为书籍和报纸设定类型(字母).
He soon became friends with other apprentices.
他很快与其他学徒成为了朋友.
Some worked for booksellers, and they lent him books.
有些人为书商工作 他们借给他书
He read for hours at night so he could return a book the next day.
他晚上读了几小时,以便第二天还书。
Ben ate alone and studied.
本独食而后学.
He used any extra money to—you guessed it—buy books.
他用任何额外的钱... 你猜的... 买书。
He even tackled arithmetic again and became good at it.
他甚至再次解决了算术问题,并变得很擅长.
Ben started writing too.
本也开始写作.
He would read an essay, put it aside, and later re-write it from memory.
他会读一篇散文,放在一边,然后从记忆中重新写出.
He even wrote a few poems.
他甚至写了几首诗.
But his father said that poets made no money, so Ben should stick to writing essays.
但他的父亲说,诗人没有赚钱,所以本应该坚持写作散文.
Apprentices like Ben set metal letters by hand for each word in a document.
学徒喜欢 本用手为文档中的每个单词设置金属字母.
They worked right to left as the type needed to be backward to print correctly.
他们右向左工作,因为类型需要后向才能正确打印.
Being Fair While Ben was an apprentice, he felt he was unfairly treated.
当Ben是个学徒时 他觉得自己受到了不公平的待遇
This made him strive to be fair to others.
这使得他努力对他人公平.
He thought that women should have opportunities for an education.
他认为妇女应该有机会接受教育。
He also supported abolition, or the end of slavery.
他还支持废除或结束奴隶制。
Ben wrote this letter asking the people of Philadelphia to support an end to slavery.
本写了这封信,要求费城人民支持结束奴隶制.
Ben even contributed to a newspaper James published called the New England Courant; though James did not know it for a while.
本甚至为一份被称作"新英格兰库兰特"的"詹姆斯"(James)所出版的报纸出力;尽管詹姆斯暂时不知道.
James and his friends, using pen names, wrote the newspaper’s articles.
詹姆斯和他的朋友用笔名撰写了报纸上的文章.
They even wrote the letters to the editor.
他们甚至把信写给编辑
Ben decided to write a letter, but he did not tell James.
本决定写一封信,但他没有告诉詹姆斯.
Ben pretended to be a middle-aged woman named Silence Dogood.
班装作中年女子取名"沉默多古德".
He slipped his first letter to the editor as Silence Dogood under the door of the print shop.
他把写给编辑的第一封信 滑倒在了印刷店的门下
James printed it.
詹姆士印了下来
People liked it.
人们喜欢它。
Ben wrote more letters.
本多写来信.
Soon James found out his little brother wrote the letters and became annoyed.
不久,詹姆斯发现他弟弟写了这些信,变得很生气.
Ben and James had not been getting along.
Ben和James相处得不好
Josiah often had to settle arguments between them.
乔西亚常常不得不解决他们之间的争论.
Finally, at age seventeen, Ben left Boston to find work elsewhere.
最后,17岁时,本离开波士顿去别的地方找工作.
Printer and Businessman “He that can have patience, can have what he will.”
打印机和商人 “谁能耐心,谁能得到他所要得到的东西。 “
Ben found work in another print shop in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
本在宾夕法尼亚州费城的另一所印刷店找到活口.
He worked hard so that he could follow his dream of one day opening his own shop.
他努力地工作,以便跟随他梦想的某一天自己开店.
During this time period, Great Britain controlled the American colonies, including Pennsylvania where Ben lived.
在此期间,大不列颠控制了美国殖民地,包括本所居住的宾夕法尼亚.
In 1724, Ben left for London to buy printing equipment for his own business with money promised by a new friend, Governor William Keith.
1724年,本出走去伦敦,用新朋友威廉·克思总督承诺的钱购买印刷设备作自营业务.
Ben found London to be an exciting place.
本发现伦敦是一个令人兴奋的地方.
He stayed for two years, gaining more printing experience.
他留了两年,获得了更多的印刷经验.
He also had fun and made friends.
他也有乐趣,交了朋友。
He hung out in coffee shops to discuss and debate ideas.
他在咖啡店闲逛,讨论和辩论想法.
Do You Know?
你知道吗?
In the 1700s, people were reading more than in the 1600s.
1700年代,人们的阅读量超过了1600年代.
They were learning how to discuss issues.
他们正在学习如何讨论问题。
They began to value logical thinking and to question traditions.
他们开始重视逻辑思维并质疑传统.
They proposed new ways of looking at the world.
他们提出了看待世界的新方法。
They even began to challenge government.
他们甚至开始挑战政府.
This time period was called the Enlightenment.
这一时期被称为"启蒙".
The money that Ben’s friend promised never came, so Ben could not start his business.
Ben的朋友承诺的钱从未来过,因此Ben无法创业.
A kind merchant helped him get home to Philadelphia, where he returned to the printing trade.
一个善良的商人帮助他回到了费城,在那里他回到了印刷行业.
Ben was only 22 when, in 1728, he finally opened a print shop in Philadelphia.
本才22岁,1728年他终于在费城开设了一家印刷店.
He published a newspaper, the Pennsylvania Gazette, and used it to inform people and to speak his mind.
他出版了报纸"宾夕法尼亚公报",并用它来向人们宣传并表达他的思想.
He soon became the official printer for Pennsylvania.
他很快成为宾夕法尼亚州的官方打印机.
Family Man, Community Activist “Be civil to all; sociable to many; familiar with few; friend to one; enemy to none.”
家庭男子,社区活动家 “对所有人文明;对许多人友好;对少数人熟悉;对一个人友好;对任何人都不敌对。 “
Ben married Deborah Read in 1730.
本于1730年与德博拉·雷德结婚.
She helped him run the print shop—where they also sold stationery as well as his father’s soap and candles.
她帮助他经营印刷店,他们也在那里出售文具以及他父亲的肥皂和蜡烛。
Ben had a baby son, William, from a past romance.
班有一个孩子,威廉, 从过去的浪漫。
He and Deborah raised him.
他和德博拉抚养他长大.
They had two more children, Sarah and Francis, but Francis died of smallpox when he was four.
他们又生了两个孩子,莎拉和弗朗西斯,但弗朗西斯在四岁时就死于天花.
Sarah was nicknamed Sally.
莎拉被昵称为"莎莉".
She loved to read, just like her father.
她喜欢读书 就像她父亲一样
Soon Ben started one of his most popular publications, Poor Richard’s Almanack.
马上就 本开始出版他最受欢迎的出版物"穷理查的阿尔马纳克".
An almanac contains information on the tides, the times for sunset and sunrise, and the weather.
日出时包含潮汐,日出时段,天气等信息.
This bestseller included many of Ben’s well- known sayings such as, “Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise.”
这个畅销书包括了本的很多广为人知的口号,比如“早起早起,使一个人健康、富有和聪明。 “
Busy as he was, Ben also had other interests.
虽然他很忙,但本也有其他兴趣.
He remembered when he spent spare pennies to buy books, so he and his friends organized the first lending library.
他回忆起他花了多余的便士去买书时,于是他和朋友组织了第一个出借图书馆.
Ben also started the first volunteer fire company in the colonies.
本还创办了殖民地最早的志愿消防公司.
He even founded a school that eventually became the University of Pennsylvania.
他甚至创办了一所最终成为宾夕法尼亚大学的学校.
He and his friend, Dr.
他和他的朋友,医生。
Thomas Bond, founded a hospital together.
托马斯·邦德,一起创办了一家医院.
People noticed that Ben got things done.
人们注意到Ben做了一些事情
The government put him in charge of mail delivery.
政府让他负责邮件发送.
He improved it.
他改进了它。
His daughter, Sally, sometimes went with him when he rode along the mail route.
他的女儿,莎莉,有时在沿着邮件路线行走时会和他一起去.
Inventor and Scientist “In success be moderate.”
发明者和科学家 “成功是适度的。 “
For twenty years, Ben built up his printing business.
二十年来 本建立其印刷业.
He had print shops in other cities, too.
他在其他城市也有印刷店
He and Deborah saved much of the money he made, which allowed Ben to retire early and devote time to his many passions.
他和德博拉保存了自己赚来的大部分钱,这使得本能提前退休并花时间投入他多起激情.
Ben liked to invent things that improved everyday life.
本喜欢发明改善日常生活的东西.
He had already designed a stove that gave more heat than the ones most people were using.
他已经设计了一个炉子,比大多数人使用的炉子更热。
He also invented swim fins, bifocals, and an extension arm to reach books on high shelves.
他还发明了"游泳鳍","双相","伸展臂"来达到高架上的书籍.
He improved streetlights and suggested Daylight Saving Time as a way to save money on lighting.
他改进了街道灯光,并推荐了"日光拯救时间"作为在照明上节省资金的方法.
Ben is seated at a desk in the lending library he organized with friends.
Ben坐在他和朋友组织的借阅图书馆的桌子上
Bifocals enable people to see better at two distances.
双焦能使人们在两相距离上看得更清楚.
Ben founded the American Philosophical Society, a club where scientists could gather for study and discussion.
本创办了"美国哲学会"(American Philosophophical Society),一个科学家可以聚集在一起进行研究和讨论的俱乐部.
Ben wished to study weather and electricity.
本想研究天气和电力.
He believed that storms traveled from one place to another.
他认为暴风雨从一个地方到另一个地方.
Like other scientists, he thought that lightning was electricity.
和其他科学家一样,他认为闪电是电.
He wanted to prove this.
他想证明这一点。
One afternoon, Ben and his son, William, went outside to a meadow because they had seen a storm coming.
一天下午,本和儿子威廉出门到草地去,因为他们看到一阵风暴来袭.
Ben had made a kite out of silk and wood.
Ben用丝绸和木头做了个风筝
He attached a stiff wire to the top of his kite; then tied a silk ribbon to the kite string.
他将一根坚固的铁丝绑在他的风筝上;然后将丝带绑在风筝弦上.
He tied a key to the ribbon.
他把钥匙绑在了丝带上
Ben and William wanted the ribbon to stay dry so they stood inside a shed and flew the kite from the doorway.
本和威廉想让丝带保持干燥,所以他们站入了棚子里从门道上飞出风筝来.
As the storm increased, Ben and William saw loose threads on the string standing up.
随着风暴的增强,本和威廉看到弦上松散的线条站起.
Carefully, Ben put a knuckle near the key.
小心点 Ben在钥匙附近放个指针
Ouch!
哎哟!
He got a tiny shock and saw a spark.
他受到微小的冲击,看到了火花.
Now Ben was convinced that lightning was electricity.
现在本相信闪电就是电.
Lightning often caused fires, and Ben wanted to invent a way to protect buildings and people.
闪电经常会引发火灾,而本想发明一种保护建筑物和人的方法.
His invention was called a lightning rod, and it is still used today.
他的发明被称为"闪电棒",今天仍然被使用.
He did not apply for a patent.
他没有申请专利。
(A patent is like a license.
(专利如许可证.
It says that no one else can make the same thing without your permission.)
上面写着,没有你的允许,其他人就不能做同样的事情. )
This allowed anyone to use his inventions without his permission.
这允许任何人不经他的许可而使用他的发明.
How It Works A lightning rod is attached to the highest part of a building.
如何运作 电击棒附着在一栋建筑的最高部位上.
The rod has a wire attached to it that leads to the ground.
棒上有一根接通地上的线.
When lightning hits the rod, the electricity goes along he wire and safely into the ground.
当闪电击中棒子时,电线沿着他接通并安全地传入地.
The Empire State Building acts as a lightning rod for the surrounding area.
帝国大厦作为周边地区的闪电棒.
This painting shows what it would have been like the day of Ben’s kite experiment.
这幅画显示了本作风筝实验的那天会是什么样子.
Founding Father “Those who would give up essential liberty, to purchase a little temporary safety, deserve neither liberty nor safety.”
开国元勋 “那些放弃基本自由,购买一点临时安全的人,既不应当享有自由,也不应当享有安全。 “
Ben was generous with his time, as well as his inventions.
本以时事宽厚,并有发明.
He spent many years trying to help the colonies and later played an important role when the colonies sought their freedom from Great Britain.
他花了许多年时间试图帮助殖民地,后来殖民地从大不列颠寻求自由时起起重要作用.
As early as 1754, Ben talked about uniting the colonies.
早在1754年,本就谈到统一殖民地.
He even went overseas many times to work out problems between the colonies and Great Britain’s government.
他甚至多次去海外研究殖民地与英国政府之间的问题.
He tried to educate the British about the colonies.
他试图教育英国人了解殖民地.
Ben even convinced some of the British people that the colonists could govern themselves.
本甚至说服了部分英国人,认为殖民者可以自行治理.
Ben had always been a loyal citizen of Great Britain.
本一直是大不列颠的忠诚公民。
Just the same, he believed the colonies, which were an ocean away and better able to defend themselves, should be independent from Great Britain.
同样,他认为殖民地是远离海洋,更有能力自卫的殖民地应该独立于大不列颠.
In 1775, Ben became a delegate to the Continental Congress, a group of colonists who worked for independence from Great Britain.
1775年,本出任大陆大会代表,这是一群从大不列颠独立而努力的殖民者.
The delegates argued constantly.
代表们不断争论。
Ben became a peacemaker and negotiator.
本出为平和使并谈判使.
Some colonists did not want independence from Great Britain.
一些殖民者不希望脱离大不列颠独立.
Ben urged them to unite for independence using this political cartoon.
本敦促他们用这出政治漫画团结起来争取独立.
Develops methods for keeping city cleaner and dealing with garbage Conducts kite experiment Proposes that the colonies unite; prints America’s first political cartoon 1739 1741–1744 1750 Leads a protest against pollution Invents the Franklin stove; publishes one of America’s first magazines Invents the lightning rod Ben’s lightning rods as they appeared in his book describing the experiments.
制定保持城市清洁和处理垃圾的方法 美国最早出版的杂志之一,
Ben also joined the committee formed to write the Declaration of Independence, the document proclaiming the colonies’ independence.
本也加入为撰写"独立宣言"而成立的委员会,即宣布殖民地独立的文件.
Thomas Jefferson did most of the writing, but Ben made a few suggestions.
托马斯·杰斐逊(Thomas Jefferson)做了大部分的写作,但本提出了几个建议.
After it was finished, everyone in the Continental Congress read it.
完成后,大陆大会上的每个人都会阅读.
Of course, every member had a change or a suggestion.
当然,每个成员都有改变或建议。
Ben sat down with Thomas.
本和托马斯坐下。
He knew that Thomas was bothered by the many changes.
他知道托马斯被许多变化所困扰.
Ben was a good friend and told him a funny story to try to cheer him up.
本是一个好友,并告诉他一个有趣的故事,试图让他振作起来.
Ben was now in his seventies.
本现在70多岁了
He would have liked to take it easy; however, the colonists wanted him to go to France to get help in their fight for independence.
他本想放松;然而,殖民者希望他去法国寻求帮助,争取独立。
Luckily, the French loved Ben.
幸运的是,法国人爱本。
They thought he was friendly, funny, and down- to-earth.
他们觉得他很友善,很好笑,而且...
He made great friends there.
他在那里结交了好朋友
During the American Revolution, France helped the colonies in their fight for independence.
美国革命期间,法国帮助殖民地争取独立.
Ben attends a reception in his honor in France.
本在法国参加为纪念而举行的招待会.
Invents glass armonica— a musical instrument Proposes the idea of Daylight Saving Time Theorizes that the common cold is passed from person to person 1775–1776 1784 1786 Helps to write and signs the Declaration of Independence Invents bifocals Invents extension arm for taking books down from a shelf Ben reads a copy of the Declaration of Independence with John Adams (center) and Thomas Jefferson.
发明玻璃臂-一种乐器 提出"日光拯救时间"理论,认为常见的寒冷由人传至人 1775–1776 1784 1786 帮助撰写并签署"独立宣言" 发明双相机 发明从架上取出书籍的扩展臂 本与约翰·亚当斯(英语:John Adams (center))和托马斯·杰斐逊一起阅读了"独立宣言"一书.
After the revolution, Ben helped establish peace between the new United States of America and Great Britain.
革命后,本协助新一美与大不列颠建立和平.
He also was elected president of Pennsylvania three times.
他还三次被选为宾夕法尼亚州总统.
Before he retired from public duties, he took on one more job.
在他从公职上退休之前,他又接受了一份工作.
In 1787, he became part of the Constitutional Convention and helped to create the U.
1787年,他成为制宪会议的一部分,并帮助创建了U.
S.
师曰.
Constitution, the foundation of today’s U.
宪法,今天U的基础.
S.
师曰.
government.
政府。
Conclusion “ All would live long, but none would be old.”
结论“所有人都会活得很长,但不会老。 “
During his last years, Ben became bedridden.
在他最后的几年里,本成了卧铺.
However, he still read and wrote.
然而,他仍然读书写作.
Deborah, his wife, had died many years before.
他的妻子德博拉多年前就去世了。
His daughter, Sally, and her family moved in to take care of him.
他的女儿莎莉和她的家人搬进来照顾他.
He enjoyed the company of his family, especially his grandchildren.
他享受了家人的陪伴,特别是他的孙子.
Every afternoon, his granddaughter, Deborah, would bring her spelling lesson.
每天下午,他的孙女德博拉都会给她上拼写课.
They would go over the words together.
他们一起翻阅这些话
When she did well, he would give her a spoonful of jelly.
当她做得很好,他会给她一勺果冻。
Three months after his 84th birthday, one of America’s greatest writers, leaders, inventors, and patriots, Benjamin Franklin, died.
在他84岁生日后三个月,美国最伟大的作家,领袖,发明家和爱国者之一本杰明·富兰克林去世.