Ibn Battuta
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents A Traveler Like None Before.
目录 A 旅行者 像以前一样
4 The Journeys Begin.
四道行道所起.
5 Beyond Mecca.
5 超越麦加。
7 In Trouble in India.
7 印度的麻烦。
9 Attacks, a Shipwreck, and—Finally—China.
9 攻击、沉船和最终中国。
10 The Journey Home.
10"出行归来".
12 Final Trips.
12 终会旅行.
13 Telling the Story.
13"讲史记".
15 Conclusion.
15 结论。
15 Glossary.
15 词汇。
16 A Traveler Like None Before Many people have heard of Marco Polo, an Italian merchant who set out to visit China in 1271.
16,"旅行者"(A Travelers Like None Before Manuel)曾听说过意大利商人马可·波罗(Marco Polo)于1271年启程访华.
Far fewer people have heard of Abu Abdullah Muhammad Ibn Battuta.
听说阿布·阿卜杜拉·穆罕默德·伊本·巴图塔的人少得多。
Born just fifty years after Marco Polo, Ibn Battuta was the greatest traveler of the Middle Ages (ad 476–1500).
伊本·巴图塔生于马可·波罗后五十年,是中世纪最伟大的旅行者(至476年-1500年).
Ibn Battuta was born in 1304 in Tangier, Morocco.
伊本·巴图塔于1304年生于摩洛哥丹吉尔.
Continuing a family tradition, he studied law.
他延续家庭传统,学习法律。
The young scholar was drawn to the city of Mecca on the Arabian Peninsula.
青年学者被引到阿拉伯半岛上的麦加市.
Mecca is where the Muslim religion was founded in the ad 600s.
麦加是穆斯林宗教在广告600上建立的地方.
Muslims were (and still are) required to make a hajj (HAJ), or pilgrimage, to Mecca at least once if they can.
如果穆斯林可以前往麦加,他们必须至少朝圣一次。
MEDITERRANEAN SEA BLACK SEA CASPIAN SEA AFRICA EUROPE Turkey Iraq Arabia Iran Spain Algiers Tangier Cairo Jerusalem Baghdad Damascus Alexandria Mecca Medina Basra Tabriz Morocco Ibn Battuta’s first great trip was to the city of Mecca and beyond.
地中海-东南亚 阿尔及尔 丹吉尔 开罗 耶路撒冷 巴格达 大马士革 亚历山大 麦加麦地那 巴士拉大不里士 摩洛哥伊本·巴图塔的首次伟大之行是去麦加市内外.
The Journeys Begin In 1325, at the age of twenty-one, Ibn Battuta set out on his hajj.
旅程开始 1325年,21岁时,伊本·巴图塔出走朝觐.
After a sixteen-month journey across northern Africa, he reached Mecca.
经过16个月的穿越北非之行后,他到达了麦加.
During the trip, he wed the first of many wives he would marry—and then leave behind—on his journeys.
在旅途中,他娶了许多妻子中的第一位,然后离开他。
Having made the hajj, Ibn Battuta decided to travel throughout the entire Muslim world.
伊本·巴图塔在完成朝圣之后,决定在整个穆斯林世界旅行。
He had a strong desire to see new things, and there was much to see.
他对看到新事物有强烈的渴望,而且有很多事情需要看到.
Since the 600s, the armies of Islam had conquered a large part of the Middle East and Africa.
自六百年代起,伊斯兰教的军队已经征服了中东和非洲一大部分地区.
Muslims could move freely within this world, though bandits were often a threat.
穆斯林可以在这个世界上自由行动,尽管匪徒往往是个威胁。
Ibn Battuta was helped along the way by the generosity of other Muslims, who often gave money and gifts to travelers.
伊本·巴图塔一路上得到了其他穆斯林的慷慨帮助,他们经常给旅行者钱和礼物.
Because Ibn Battuta was a scholar and eventually a famed traveler, he received many gifts and honors.
由于伊本·巴图塔是一位学者,最终成为出名的旅行者,他得到了许多礼物和荣誉.
Ibn Battuta journeyed mostly by camel with large caravans.
伊本·巴图塔多由骆驼乘大篷车出行.
Traveling with many other people provided safety from bandits.
与许多其他人一起出行,为躲避匪徒提供了安全.
The caravans often traveled in the cool of the night, lighting the way with torches.
大篷车经常在夜间凉快地出行,用火炬点亮了道路.
As Ibn Battuta rode away from Mecca, he saw the desert “gleaming with light and the darkness turned into radiant day.”
当伊本·巴图塔从麦加出发时,他看到沙漠“闪耀着光明和黑暗变成灿烂的一天。 “
Beyond Mecca Ibn Battuta’s next destination was present-day Iraq and Iran.
在麦加以外 伊本·巴图塔的下一个目的地是当今的伊拉克和伊朗.
These areas, onetime flowers of the Islamic world, were still recovering from attacks by invading Mongols, nomadic warriors from Asia.
这些地区是伊斯兰世界的一次花地,仍然从入侵的蒙古人,来自亚洲的游牧战士的攻击中恢复.
Touring Baghdad, Ibn Battuta saw how the Mongols had destroyed the once-beautiful city.
在巴格达,伊本·巴图塔看到了蒙古人如何摧毁了曾经美丽的城市.
“Nothing remains of her but the name,” he wrote.
他写道:“除了名字之外,她没有留下任何东西。”
Ibn Battuta was exaggerating a bit, however.
然而,伊本·巴图塔有些夸张。
Many of the city’s buildings had been spared or rebuilt.
许多城市的建筑得以幸免或重建。
This university, built in ad 1227, was still standing when Ibn Battuta visited Baghdad, in present-day Iraq.
这所大学建于1227年,当伊本·巴图塔在今天的伊拉克访问巴格达时,仍然站着。
On a visit to Eastern Africa in 1332, Ibn Battuta heard tales about the sultan of India, Muhammad ibn Tughluq (TOOG-luk).
1332年访问东非时,伊本·巴图塔听到印度苏丹穆罕默德·伊本·图格卢克(英语:Muhammad ibn Tughluq (TOOG-luk))的故事.
Sultan Muhammad was famous for granting favors to Islamic scholars.
苏丹穆罕默德以给予伊斯兰学者恩惠而出名.
The sultan, however, could also be cruel and unpredictable.
然而,苏丹也可能是残酷和不可预测的。
Ignoring the possible dangers, Ibn Battuta set off for India.
无视可能的危险,伊本·巴图塔启程前往印度.
His path took him through the “land of the Turks” (present-day Turkey) and the Russian steppe (grasslands).
他走过"土耳其地"(今土耳其)和俄罗斯草原(草地).
He visited the Christian city of Constantinople, the capital of the declining Byzantine Empire.
他访问了衰落的拜占庭帝国的首都君士坦丁堡的基督教城市.
During his one-month stay, Ibn Battuta toured the famed city and met the emperor, Andronicus III.
在他一个月的逗留期间,伊本·巴图塔游历了名城并遇到了皇帝安德罗尼库斯三世.
He then continued his journey to India.
随后他继续前往印度.
INDIAN OCEAN AFRICA ASIA India Iraq Turkey Arabia Iran Kilwa Mombasa Mogadishu Astrakhan Delhi Kabul Constantinople Mecca Aden Samarkand MEDITERRANEAN SEA BLACK SEA CASPIAN SEA Ibn Battuta visited Eastern Africa before setting off for India.
印度洋 伊拉克 土耳其 沙特阿拉伯 伊朗 喀布尔 君士坦丁堡 麦加·亚丁·撒马尔罕·地中海·斯拉克·斯拉克·斯拉基安·伊本·巴图塔在前往印度之前访问了东非。
In Trouble in India In 1334, Ibn Battuta crossed the mountains of Afghanistan into northern India.
1334年,伊本·巴图塔(英语:Ibn Battuta)越过阿富汗山脉进入印度北部.
He presented himself at the sultan’s court in Delhi.
他在德里的苏丹法院出庭。
Sultan Muhammad lived up to his reputation for generosity.
穆罕默德苏丹以慷慨的名声而活了下来.
He showered Ibn Battuta with honors and gifts, and later appointed him a judge of Islamic law.
他给伊本·巴图塔以荣誉和礼物淋浴,后任命他为伊斯兰法法官.
Things looked promising for Ibn Battuta.
伊本·巴图塔看起来很有希望
That changed when Ibn Battuta married a woman whose father was a suspected traitor.
当伊本·巴图塔嫁给一个父亲被怀疑为叛徒的女人时,情况就变了。
A cloud of suspicion fell upon Ibn Battuta.
伊本·巴图塔被怀疑了
Under guard and fearful of execution, he “fasted five days on end, reciting the Quran [Islam’s holy book] cover to cover each day.”
在戒备和害怕被处决的情况下,他“在5天后诵读了《古兰经》的封面,以便每天掩盖。 “
Eventually, the sultan forgave Ibn Battuta.
最终,苏丹原谅了伊本·巴图塔.
Around 1342, the sultan named him ambassador to China.
1342年左右,苏丹任命他为驻华大使.
By this time, Ibn Battuta had been in India for eight years.
此时伊本·巴图塔已经在印度待了八年.
He was glad to leave before his fortunes took another turn for the worse.
他很高兴能离开 在他的财富再次转向更糟。
Attacks, a Shipwreck, and—Finally—China Unfortunately, Ibn Battuta’s troubles were far from over.
袭击、沉船和 -- 最后——中国. 不幸的是,伊本·巴图塔的麻烦远未平息.
Outside Delhi, carrying gifts from the sultan for the Chinese emperor, his large group had to fight off attacks by Hindu rebels.
在德里外,为中国皇帝携带了苏丹所赐的礼物,他的大集团不得不与印度教叛军的攻击进行斗争.
During one of the attacks, Ibn Battuta became separated from his companions.
在一次袭击中,伊本·巴图塔与同伴分离.
Carefully avoiding the rebels, Ibn Battuta was finally able to rejoin his party.
谨慎地避开了叛军,伊本·巴特图塔最终得以重新加入他的党.
At the coast, they boarded four ships and sailed to the Indian port city of Calicut.
在海岸上,他们登上四艘船只并出海去往印度港口城市卡利克特.
There they met three Chinese vessels charged with taking them to China.
在那里,他们遇到了三艘中国船只,他们被控将他们带到中国。
Before they could leave, however, a terrible storm blew in.
然而,在他们离开之前,一场可怕的风暴吹来.
Two of the ships were wrecked, and all the treasure was lost.
有两艘被撞倒了,所有的宝藏都不见了.
The other ship sailed off without Ibn Battuta.
另一艘船在没有伊本·巴图塔的情况下启航.
Fearing the anger of the sultan for his failure, Ibn Battuta stayed for nearly two years in the Maldive Islands, south of India.
伊本·巴图塔担心苏丹对他的失败感到愤怒而在印度以南的马尔迪夫群岛停留了近两年.
Later he went to the island of Sumatra, in what is now the nation of Indonesia.
后来他去了现在的印度尼西亚的苏门答腊岛。
He got his chance to visit China when the Muslim ruler of Sumatra gave him a ship.
当苏门答腊的穆斯林统治者给他一艘船时,他获得了访问中国的机会.
Ibn Battuta reached China in 1346.
伊本·巴图塔于1346年到达中国.
He was impressed with what he saw in China, a region that was still ruled by the Mongols.
他在中国的所见所闻给他留下了深刻的印象,这一地区仍被蒙古人所统治.
He was amazed to learn that silk, a very expensive material in most parts of the world, was “used for clothing even by poor monks and beggars.”
他惊讶地得知,在世界上大多数地区,丝绸是一种非常昂贵的材料,“甚至被贫穷的僧侣和乞丐用来穿衣服。 “
INDIAN OCEAN India Sumatra China Beijing Delhi Kabul Calicut Guangzhou Singapore Chittagong Quanzhou SOUTH CHINA SEA 1332–1346 Years of Travel ASIA India, the Maldive Islands, and China The Journey Home After less than a year, Ibn Battuta was ready to move on—this time back home to Morocco.
印度 印度 苏门答腊 中国 北京 德里 喀布尔 卡利克特 广州 新加坡 吉大港 泉州 南方 CHINA SEA 1332–1346 年出行 ASIA 印度 马尔迪维群岛 中华之旅 家园 不到一年后,伊本·巴图塔准备继续前进——这一回回到了摩洛哥.
On his journey, he entered Syria in 1348.
在旅途中他于1348年进入了叙利亚.
There, he first encountered the Black Death, or bubonic plague.
在那里,他首先遇到了"黑死病",或者说"发作"瘟疫.
This terrible disease had spread from Europe and northern Africa.
这种可怕的疾病从欧洲和北非传播。
In Damascus, some two thousand people were dying from the disease every day.
在大马士革,每天约有两千人死于该疾病.
The city’s mosques, churches, and synagogues were filled with people praying for an end to the plague.
这座城市的清真寺、教堂和犹太会堂充满了人们为结束瘟疫而祈祷。
Ibn Battuta found the plague in other places along his homeward route.
伊本·巴特图塔在他的自家路线上的其他地点发现了瘟疫.
In Cairo, Egypt, the disease was raging, but Ibn Battuta never became infected himself.
在埃及开罗,这种疾病正在肆虐,但伊本·巴图塔从未亲自被感染.
In 1349, he finally arrived back in Morocco.
1349年他终于回到了摩洛哥.
By this time, both of his parents were dead.
这时,他父母双亡.
His father had died sixteen years earlier, but his mother’s death occurred just a few months before his return.
他的父亲在16年前就已经去世了,但是他母亲的死亡发生在他返回前几个月。
Final Trips Ibn Battuta had been gone for twenty-four years and was now forty-five years old.
最后旅行 伊本·巴图塔已经离开了24年,现在已经45岁了。
Nonetheless, he still had some traveling to do.
尽管如此,他仍然有一些旅行要做。
There were two more Islamic lands to see.
还有两块伊斯兰地要看
One was Granada, a part of Spain still under Muslim control.
一个是格拉纳达,是西班牙仍然由穆斯林控制的一部分.
The other was the Empire of Mali in West Africa.
另一个是西非的马里帝国.
In Granada, Ibn Battuta met with Muslim leaders.
在格拉纳达,伊本·巴图塔会见了穆斯林领袖.
He also met a young writer named Ibn Juzayy.
他还遇到了一位名叫伊本·朱扎伊的年轻作家.
They would meet again when Ibn Battuta’s travels were finished.
他们将在伊本·巴图塔的旅行结束后再次相会。
ATLANTIC OCEAN AFRICA Spain Morocco Bamako Timbuktu Oualáta Marrakesh Fez Granada Tangier MEDITERRANEAN SEA 1349–1353 Years of Travel The Final Journey to Timbuktu Ibn Battuta was reluctant to make the long, difficult trip to Mali.
大西洋非洲 西班牙 巴马科 廷巴克图 瓦拉塔 马拉喀什 Fez Granada Tangier 美地铁SEA 1349–1353年出行 The Final Journal to Titunto Ibn Battuta 不愿前往马里进行漫长而艰难的旅行.
However, the sultan of Morocco ordered him to.
然而,摩洛哥苏丹命令他这样做。
The sultan wanted to learn more about this fabled land, said to be wealthy beyond imagination.
苏丹希望更多地了解这个寓言地,据说是超越想象的富裕.
Ibn Battuta spent eight months in Mali as the guest of its ruler, Sultan Mansa Sulayman.
伊本·巴特图塔作为统治者苏丹曼萨·苏莱曼的来宾在马里度过了八个月.
He was impressed by the richness of the sultan’s court.
他对苏丹法院的丰富性印象深刻。
Ibn Battuta returned to Morocco in 1354—this time for good.
伊本·巴图塔于1354年回到了摩洛哥——这次是永远的.
He was now fifty years old.
他现在50岁了
Telling the Story In Morocco, Ibn Battuta hired Ibn Juzayy to write his memoirs.
讲述"摩洛哥的故事",伊本·巴图塔聘请伊本·朱扎伊撰写回忆录.
Ibn Juzayy “improved” the traveler’s straightforward narrative with flowery wording and poetry.
伊本·朱扎伊(Ibn Juzayyy)以花花公子和诗歌"改进"了旅行者的直截了当的叙述.
The resulting chronicle was called the Rihlah (Journey).
由此产生的编年史被取名为"里赫拉" (Journey).
The book provides a valuable glimpse into the Islamic realms and rulers of the 1300s.
该书为1300年代的伊斯兰王国和统治者提供了宝贵的一瞥.
In his final years, Ibn Battuta is thought to have served as an Islamic judge, but little is known of his later life.
在他的最后几年,伊本·巴特图塔被认为担任过伊斯兰法官,但对其后世所知甚少.
He died in Morocco in either 1368 or 1369.
他于1368年或1369年在摩洛哥去世.
Some historians have been critical of the Rihlah, saying that parts of it may have been made up.
一些历史学家一直批评里赫拉人,说其中的部分可能是编成的.
Others argue that the many minor inaccuracies are probably due more to Ibn Battuta’s faulty memory than an intention to deceive.
其他人则认为,许多小的不准确可能更多的是由于伊本·巴图塔的错记,而不是意图欺骗.
Conclusion During his lifetime, Ibn Battuta journeyed 75,000 miles (120,000 km)—more than five times as far as Marco Polo.
在他一生中,伊本·巴图塔出行了75,000英里(12万公里)——是马可·波罗的5倍多.
That’s like going completely around the world three times!
这就像三次环游世界一样!
He visited and lived in dozens of countries.
他访问并居住在数十个国家。
He was not an explorer.
他不是一个探险家。
He visited no unknown lands.
他没有访问任何未知的土地。
Nevertheless, he remains one of the greatest travelers in history.
尽管如此,他仍然是历史上最伟大的旅行者之一.