World of Wigs
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Welcome to the World of Wigs.
欢迎来到Wigs世界目录.
4 What’s a Wig?
4个 何为Wig?
5 What’s in a Wig?
页:1 维格有什么?
6 The First Wigs.
6 第一位维格人.
7 Banishing Baldness in Greece and Rome.
7 在希腊和罗马被放逐.
9 Fashionable French Hair.
9 时尚法发.
11 Wigs Go Over-the-Top.
11 Wigs Go Over-top. (英语).
12 Hair Today, Gone Tomorrow?
今天12发,明天不见了?
15 Glossary.
15 词汇。
16 Welcome to the World of Wigs Throughout recorded history, people have had an obsession with hair.
16 欢迎来到Wigs世界 在有记录的历史上 人们对发型很着迷
From ancient Egyptian culture to modern civilization, wigs have played an important role in this obsession.
从古埃及文化到现代文明,假发在这种迷恋中扮演了重要角色.
Wigs have been worn for many reasons, from fashion to social standing.
从时尚到社会地位,
Wigs made from human hair last the longest and are easier than synthetic wigs to cut and style.
由人类发型制成的维格最长并比合成假发更容易剪接和样式.
What’s a Wig?
何为Wig?
Wigs come in many styles, from full wigs to toupees and extensions.
wigs有多种风格,从完整的假发到被托派和扩展.
Full wigs cover the entire top and sides of the head down to the neck.
完整的假发覆盖了整个上部和头部的两侧下至颈部.
Toupees only cover part of the head, from the forehead to the top of the crown and from one ear to the other.
托平人只覆盖了部分头部,从额头到花冠上方和从一耳到一耳.
The person’s own hair is exposed at the back of the head.
此人自己的头发被暴露在后脑勺.
Extensions are sections of hair or fiber that are attached to existing wigs or natural hair with pins, clips, or glue.
延伸是毛被或纤维被附着于已存在的假发上或有针,夹,或胶的天然发.
Extensions create a fuller or longer look.
扩展可以产生更完整或更长的外观.
Wigs can be made from many different things: wool, goat or horsehair, straw or grasses, and even certain kinds of plastic, such as nylon.
维格可以由许多不同的东西来制成:羊毛,山羊或马毛,稻草或草,甚至有某些种类的塑料,如尼龙.
For centuries, wigs made from human hair were frequently the most desired because they looked the most natural.
几个世纪以来,由人类发型所制造的假发经常是最受欢迎的,因为它们看起来最自然.
It often took between six and ten heads of human hair to make one wig.
经常需要6到10个头的人类发型才能制作出一顶假发.
Those wigs were also more expensive than the other options, so only very wealthy people wore them.
这些假发也比其他选择更昂贵,所以只有非常富有的人穿着.
Double-sided tape is used to attach a toupee to the scalp.
双面相带用于将一个被子接入头皮.
What’s in a Wig?
维格有什么?
Until the 1700s, wigs were often specially made for each individual, which made them too expensive for most.
直到1700年代,假发经常是专门为每个个体所制作的,这让大多数个体都过于昂贵.
A tight-fitting mesh cap with a fabric base was made to fit the head.
配有织物底座的紧身网盖被制作出以适应头部.
The hair or other material was then looped over the mesh, tied off, and attached to the base fabric with beeswax, resin, or glue.
头发或其他材料再被回绕到网状上,被绑起,并用蜂蜡,树脂或胶粘接到基质织物上.
Once attached, the “hair” could be styled to match the fashion of the times.
一旦附后,“发条”的样式可以与时代相匹配。
In the 1700s, wigs that could fit anyone became popular.
在1700年代,可以适合任何人的假发变得很受欢迎.
A ribbon at the edge of the cap could be tightened for a good fit.
帽子边缘的丝带可以紧紧地拉紧,以保持良好的合身.
Because these wigs could fit many different sizes of heads, the prices dropped and wigs became more affordable.
由于这些假发可能适合许多不同大小的头部,所以价格下跌了,假发也变得更能负担得起.
The tool used to weave wigs is called a ventilating needle.
用来编织假发的工具被称作通气针.
The needle attaches hair to the wig by pulling the hair through holes in the base and then tying the strands.
针头通过把头发从底部的洞中拉出,再将绳索绑住,将头发接入假发上.
The First Wigs The oldest-known wigs date back to 1400 bc in Egypt.
头一维 最出名的假发可以追溯到埃及的1400bc.
Many people in Egypt wore wigs to look like their gods—and to cover bald spots.
埃及许多人穿着假发,
A full head of hair was a sign of strength and health.
满头发是力量和健康的表现.
The Egyptians believed their gods had fancy, thick, braided hair, so they made wigs in the same style.
埃及人相信他们的神祇有花俏,厚而有辫子的发型,因此他们用同一种风格来制作假发.
Even back then, the lengths varied.
即使在那时,长度也各不相同.
Some wigs were neck length, some shoulder length, and others fell to the waist.
有的假发是颈长的,有的是肩长的,有的倒到腰上.
All of them were thick, with curls and braids.
他们都很厚 有卷发和辫子
Some people added extensions to their wigs to make them even fuller.
一些人还增加了假发的外延,使假发更加完整.
The hair was often set with a light coating of beeswax so it would hold its shape, like modern hairspray.
发型上常有浅色涂装蜂蜡以保持外形,如现代发泡.
Wigs are depicted in both ancient Egyptian tomb art and sculpture.
维格被描绘在古埃及的墓道艺术和雕塑中.
In Egypt, people at every level of society wore wigs.
在埃及,社会各阶层的人都戴着假发。
The king and his family wore wigs made of human hair and decorated with ivory and silver.
国王和家人穿戴由人发所制的假发并用象牙和银子装饰.
They had hairstylists who maintained their wigs.
他们的发型师维持了自己的假发。
Wealthy people could afford wigs made from wool or goat hair, while poor people could only afford straw wigs.
富人可以买得起由羊毛或山羊毛制成的假发,而穷人只能买得起稻草假发.
Wigs in Asia People in Asian cultures have rarely worn wigs in daily life.
亚洲文化中的维格人很少在日常生活中穿戴假发.
However, wigs have been an important part of costumes in Japanese and Chinese theater for many centuries.
然而,多世纪以来,假发一直是日本和中国剧院服装的重要组成部分.
In the film Cleopatra, Elizabeth Taylor had many different hairstyles, each requiring three wigs.
在电影"克利奥帕特拉"(Cleopatra)中,伊丽莎白·泰勒有着许多不同的发型,每个发型都需要三个假发.
Banishing Baldness in Greece and Rome Wealthy people in two later world empires also wore false hair.
在后来两个世界帝国中被放逐的希腊和罗马富人也穿了假发.
The noblewomen of ancient Greece and Rome wore wigs with many braids and curls pinned up.
古希腊和罗马的贵族女性穿假发,被许多辫子和卷发被钉住.
The more braids and the more ornate the style, the higher their social status.
辫子越多,风格越优雅,社会地位越高.
The hairstyles of Greek goddesses, such as Aphrodite (left), may have influenced the wigs of Greek women of the times (right).
希腊女神的发型,如Aphrodite(左)等,可能影响了当时希腊女性的假发(右).
The wealthy men and women of Rome wore wigs to hide their bald spots.
罗马的富裕男女都戴了假发来隐藏秃斑.
They favored blond and red hair.
他们喜欢金发和红发
Some Romans kept blond and red- haired slaves so they would have hair available for their wigs.
一些罗马人保留了金发和红发的奴隶,这样他们就可以有头发来做假发了.
Some Roman emperors wore wigs as disguises so they could go outside the palace without being recognized.
一些罗马皇帝戴假发来作伪装,这样他们就可以出宫而不受承认.
Their goal was to get an idea of what everyday people really thought of them.
他们的目标是了解人们每天对他们的想法。
The Bald and Mighty Julius Caesar Julius Caesar, emperor of Rome (100–44 bc) was losing his hair and was not happy about it.
鲍德和强大的尤利乌斯·凯撒·凯撒,罗马皇帝(100–44 bc)正在失去发型,对此不高兴.
First he tried growing it longer in the back and brushing it over his scalp, but that didn’t work.
首先,他试图在后方种植更长的时间,并在头皮上刷一刷,但这行不通。
Then his girlfriend, Cleopatra (the last pharaoh of Egypt), suggested a recipe for hair loss that included ingredients such as ground-up mice, horse teeth, and bear grease.
之后他的女友克利奥帕特拉(埃及最后一位法老)建议了一种失发配方,包括地上小鼠,马牙,熊脂等成分.
This potion didn’t work, either.
这道药也没有用。
Caesar decided that wearing a laurel wreath was easier.
凯撒决定穿戴一顶荣耀花圈比较容易.
The wreath stood for victory in battle.
花圈代表战斗中的胜利.
It also proved to be a pretty good cover-up for his baldness.
这也证明是相当好的掩盖他的秃发相.
Fashionable French Hair From the end of the Roman Empire through the next several centuries, wig use lost popularity.
时尚法国发型 从罗马帝国末期到后几个世纪,假发的使用失去了受欢迎程度.
Then, in the early seventeenth century, King Louis XIII, ruler of France, brought wigs back into fashion.
后于17世纪早期由法国统治者路易十三国王将假发带回了时尚.
At the age of twenty- three, he began to lose his hair.
23岁开始发作.
He worried that people in the royal court would have less respect for him if they thought he was going bald.
他担心皇家宫廷里的人,如果以为他秃了,就会对他不那么尊重.
To hide his hair loss, he wore wigs that looked like his natural hairstyle.
为了掩盖发型失落,他戴着看起来像他天然发型的假发.
Many noblemen wanted to look like their king, so they began to wear the same style of wig.
许多贵族想看起来像他们的国王,于是他们开始穿同一种相貌相的假发.
During this time period, it was mainly men who wore full wigs.
在此期间,主要是男性穿满了假发。
Some added extensions to their wigs to make them even fuller and thicker.
一些人增加了假发的外延,使假发更加更完整更厚.
Some women who were losing their hair also wore wigs.
一些失去发型的妇女也戴了假发.
Women who had a full head of hair added extensions to their hairstyles.
头发长满头的妇女的发型增加了外延.
King Louis XIII of France Wigs Go Over-the-Top As clothing fashions at the royal courts became fancier, the need for fancier hairstyles also grew.
法国国王路易十三 随着皇家宫廷的服饰时尚越来越出风头,对出风头发型的需求也越来越大.
This meant an increased demand for wigs and extensions.
这意味着对假发和延长的需求增加。
Women would style their hair, both real and false, over a frame or pillow on their head to create shapes.
女人会把真假的发型 画出头顶的相框或枕头来造型
Then the style was set with lard (pig fat), and the whole thing was powdered to keep the style in place.
后以"猪脂"(pig fat)为作风格设定,整作一粉以保持风格.
Certain styles were three feet (0.
某些风格有3英尺(0.
91 m) tall!
91米)高个子!
Some women had model ships placed into their hairstyles.
一些妇女把模范船装入发型。
These styles were so complicated that women would leave them in for months without combing or washing their hair.
这些风格非常复杂,以至于妇女会离开她们几个月而不梳理或洗发.
A cartoon drawn in 1778 shows an example of the crazy wigs popular in women’s fashion in France.
1778年绘制的一幅漫画展示了法国女性时尚中流行的疯狂假发的例子.
The lard used to set these hairstyles would spoil over time.
用来摆设发型的猪油会随着时间的推移而破坏.
Cockroaches, mice, and even rats would build nests in the hair.
蟑螂,小鼠,甚至大鼠也会在头发上筑巢.
Women carried a long stick with a claw on the end.
女人带着一根长长的棍子,末端有爪子.
The stick allowed them to scratch inside their hair without disturbing their hairstyle.
棍子让他们在不打扰发型的情况下把头发刮入头发.
By the eighteenth century, wigs were used by almost everyone in Western Europe who was involved with the royal courts and certain professions.
到18世纪,几乎所有参与皇家法庭和某些职业的西欧人都使用假发.
The wigs were part of a uniform for doctors, lawyers, judges, and members of the church.
假发是医生、律师、法官和教会成员制服的一部分。
These wigs were often made from horsehair, which was stiff and thick but was also cheaper than human hair.
这些假发往往由马发所制出,马发坚硬而厚实,但也比人发更便宜.
Even when the large, curled, powdered wigs fell out of fashion, these professionals continued to wear them in public.
即使大而卷曲,粉状的假发从时尚中脱出,这些专业人士仍继续公开穿戴.
To this day, judges and lawyers in the United Kingdom court system wear wigs as part of their uniforms.
迄今为止,联合王国法院系统中的法官和律师都穿假发,作为其制服的一部分。
Then and now: (left) a depiction of the English court in the eighteenth century; (right) judges attending a meeting at Westminster Abbey Toupees came into fashion during the eighteenth century, too.
后来和现在: (左)描绘了18世纪的英国宫廷; (右)出席威斯敏斯特修道院(Westminster Abbey Toupees)一会的法官也在18世纪入时.
While still curled and powdered, they were much cooler and lighter to wear.
虽然仍然被卷起并被粉末所粉碎,但更凉爽,更能穿戴.
Full wigs were extremely hot and also quite heavy.
整顶假发极热,也相当重.
By the 1850s, many people in Europe had stopped wearing wigs.
到1850年代,欧洲的许多人已经停止了戴假发.
Common people often saw them as a luxury only the rich could afford.
普通人往往将他们视为只有富人才能负担的奢侈品。
Some people collected old wigs and sold them in the streets for small sums of money.
有些人收起旧假发后在街上卖出,取出小笔钱.
People bought them to use as floor mops and polishing rags.
人们买来用作地板拖把和打磨布.
Bigwig The earliest known use of the word bigwig, meaning an important person, was in a 1703 English journal called English Spy.
大维 最早已知的"大维"一词的用法,意为"重要人物",见于1703年的英文期刊"英语间谍".
The richest and most powerful people at that time wore the biggest and fanciest wigs.
当时最富有和最有势力的人,都穿了最大和最幻想的假发.
Sir Edward Willes, an English judge in eighteenth-century Britain, is an example of someone who might be referred to as a bigwig.
爱德华·威利斯爵士(英語:Edward Willes)是18世纪英国的一位英国法官,他是一个可以被指为大人物的例子.
Hair Today, Gone Tomorrow?
今天发型,明天就不见了?
As technology improved in the twentieth century, people began to create wigs out of nylon threads.
随着技术在二十世纪的改进,人们开始用尼龙线来制造假发.
Nylon resembled human hair but cost much less.
尼龙像人的发型 但成本要低得多
It also allowed for a larger choice of colors, which gave people an even greater variety of looks and locks.
这也允许了更大的颜色选择,这让人们拥有了更大的外观和锁.
Today, people continue to wear wigs for many reasons.
今天,人们继续戴假发,原因很多.
They wear them to appear fashionable and stylish or simply to change their appearance.
它们穿来显得时尚和时髦,或者只是改变外观.
People who are bald or losing their hair wear wigs to boost their self-esteem.
秃发相克或失发相克者会戴假发来提升自尊.
Performers such as clowns or actors might wear wigs as part of their costumes.
表演者如小丑或演员可能会将假发作为自己服装的一部分.
Styles have changed, depending on the fashion of the time, but whether they are long or short, fancy or plain, wigs have played an important role in human history.
风格发生了变化,这取决于时代的时尚,但无论是长相还是短相,花哨还是平凡相貌,假发在人类历史上都发挥了重要作用.
Who knows what the next great fashionable hairstyle will be?
谁知道下一个时尚发型会是什么?
Hair Donation Certain illnesses cause hair loss in some people.
捐出头发 某些疾病会给一些人造成发型损失.
Doctors may prescribe wigs for these patients.
医生可以给这些病人开假发。
Wigs may help patients feel more positive and respond better to treatment.
wigs 可能会帮助患者感觉更积极,对治疗反应更好.
Today, some people give their long hair to organizations like Locks of Love, which makes wigs for children who have lost their hair.
今天,有些人把长发交给了"爱之锁"等组织,这为已经失去发型的儿童制造了假发.