Book of Blood

美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习

Table of Contents Special Delivery!

专卖目录!

4 The Pumping Station.

4 泵站.

6 Vessel Voyage.

6号船

8 What Is Your Pulse?

8 你的脉搏是什么?

11 All About Blood.

11 All About Blood. 11 (英语).

12 The Color Red.

12"彩红".

Or Purple?

还是紫色?

18 Know Your Type.

18 知道你的类型。

21 Conclusion.

21 结论。

22 Glossary.

22 词汇表。

23 Index.

23 指数。

24 Special Delivery!

24特别快递!

Imagine, if you will, a giant post office.

想象一下,如果你愿意的话, 一个巨大的邮局。

Mail trucks enter at one end, gather new mail to be delivered, and then continue on their journey.

邮车一端入站,收发新邮件,再继续出行.

The mail trucks drive along their designated routes, dropping off and picking up mail as they go.

邮车沿指定路线行驶,下车后随行取出邮件.

The trucks then return to the post office, and the whole process begins again.

卡车随后返回邮局,整个过程重新开始.

On a much smaller scale and in a much different way, this analogy describes your circulatory system!

这个类比在更小的尺度上 以不同的方式描述了你的循环系统!

Your heart is like the main pumping station, or the main post office, and your blood vessels are the roads over which the mail trucks travel.

你的心就像主泵站,或者主要邮局, 你的血管是邮车所经过的道路。

And what are the mail trucks themselves?

邮车本身是什么?

Your red blood cells!

你的红血球!

Blood travels away from the heart.

出血从心而去.

Let’s continue with this mail-delivery analogy.

让我们继续这种邮件发送类比。

You’ve probably heard the saying that the mail gets delivered, come rain or come shine.

你可能已经听到有人说邮件会送到,

Well, the circulatory system never rests, either.

循环系统也从未停止过

Your heart is always pumping, even when you may feel too exhausted to move.

你的心总是在跳动, 即使你可能感到太疲惫无法移动。

Your blood is always rushing through blood vessels, circulating the blood through your body.

你的血液总是通过血管冲出 血液通过身体循环

Circulation is the movement of something in a circle or circuit, and essentially, that’s how your circulatory system works.

循环是圆圈或回路中的东西的运动, 本质上,这就是你的循环系统的运作方式。

Your blood travels in a circuit around your body, starting and ending at your heart.

你的血液在身体周围的回路中流动,开始和结束在你的心脏.

Blood that traveled away from the heart returns to the heart.

从心所出行所出之血回向心所出.

The Pumping Station Place your hand over your heart, and what can you feel?

泵站 把手放在心上 你能感觉到什么?

You can feel your heart in action!

你能感觉到你的心脏在行动!

Your heart is like command central or the main pumping station for your circulatory system.

你的心就像指挥中心 或是循环系统的主要泵站

The heart is a muscle, and it is about the same size as your fist, but the heart is unlike any other muscle in your body.

心是肌肉,与拳头大小大致相同,但心与身体中其他肌肉不同.

To move the muscles in your arms and legs, you send a message to your brain.

为了移动手臂和腿部的肌肉,你向大脑发出信息.

Your brain then sends a message, which activates the muscles.

你的大脑发出一个信息,它激活了肌肉。

But your heart muscle doesn’t need you to tell it what to do.

但心脏肌肉并不需要你告诉它该怎么做。

Your heart muscle pumps on its own all the time—without you thinking about it!

你的心肌总是靠自己来跳,你不用想!

Blood Bonus Your heart muscle contracts about 100,000 times every 24 hours!

血奖 你的心肌每24小时收缩约十万次!

That’s 700,000 contractions a week and 36.

每周收缩70万人,36人。

4 million contractions a year.

每年收缩400万.

Imagine working around the clock without taking a break!

想象一下,一天到晚不停地工作

The heart’s main function is to pump the blood that flows through your body, keeping the blood constantly on the move.

心脏的主要功能是泵出流入你体内的血液,使血液不断移动.

The diagram below shows how the blood pumps through the heart.

下图显示出血液如何通过心脏.

a vein (vena cava).

血管(vena cava).

(right ventricle).

(右通风.

pulmonary artery.

肺脉.

fresh oxygen.

新鲜氧气

atrium of the heart.

心脏的原子

the left ventricle.

左边的通风口

blood to all parts of the body.

血流到身体各处

(right atrium).

(右胁.

Vessel Voyage Blood that leaves the heart has been enriched with oxygen from the lungs, which then circulates to the very ends of your body, supplying your body with oxygen.

潜水艇 离开心脏的血液被来自肺部的氧气所丰富,然后循环到身体的尽头,为身体提供氧气.

The blood then makes its way back to the heart, its supply of oxygen having been depleted.

血液会回到心脏 它的氧气已经耗尽

The heart pumps the oxygen-poor blood to the lungs where it gets reenergized with fresh oxygen, and then the journey through the body begins again.

心脏将缺氧的血液泵入肺中,再用新鲜的氧气给肺再生,再通过身体的旅程重新开始.

Blood does not flow just anywhere it wants, nor does it float around in a random pattern.

血液不会流到它想要的地方 也不会以随机模式漂浮

Instead, the blood in your body is confined to tubes called blood vessels that act as roads to help blood cells make their journey to all parts of your body.

相反,你体内的血液被限制在被称为"血管"的管子上,这些管子起到道路的作用来帮助出血细胞去你身体的各个部分.

This shows the blood vessels in your body.

这显示了你体内的血管

Blood Bonus The largest blood vessel in your body is the aorta!

血奖 你体内最大的血管是主动脉!

It is the largest artery.

这是最大的动脉。

The largest vein is the vena cava.

最大的血管是藤木马.

Your body has several types of blood vessels.

你的身体有几种血管

One type of blood vessel is an artery, which carries blood away from the heart.

一种血囊是动脉,将血液从心上带走.

The walls of an artery are thick and strong to handle the pressure of the heart’s pumping action.

动脉的墙壁厚而坚固,可以承受心脏泵动的压力.

The arteries carry blood loaded with oxygen and nutrients to other parts of your body.

动脉把装有氧气和营养的血液带到你身体的其他部位.

A second type of blood vessel is a vein, which carries blood back to your heart.

后一种血囊是血管,会携带出出血回心.

Veins are not as thick as arteries, because they are less at risk of bursting than arteries.

活体不像动脉那么厚,因为它们比动脉更容易被爆裂.

Veins also have valves to prevent blood from flowing backward.

维恩斯还拥有防止血液向后流动的阀门.

The blood carried by veins does not have very much oxygen.

血管所携带的血液没有太多氧气.

This blood is on its way back to the heart and lungs to once again become oxygenated.

这种血液正在返回心脏和肺部,再次变成氧气.

Veins and arteries are made of these three layers of tissue.

活道和动脉由这三层组织所组成.

A third type of blood vessel is a capillary, which is very small and has walls that are very thin.

第三种血囊是毛细血管,毛细血管非常小并有很薄的墙壁.

Capillaries transfer the oxygen and nutrients in the blood that flows through the arteries to each living cell in the body.

Capillaries将血液中通过动脉流动的氧气和营养物质转移至体内每个活细胞.

At the same time, the capillaries pass back nutrient-poor blood to the veins.

同时花序会将营养不足的血液传回血管.

Capillaries in the eye Blood Bonus If you connected the arteries, veins, and capillaries in your body, end to end, they would stretch across the United States—20 times!

眼中的毛发 血的丰收 如果你把动脉、血管和卷毛连接起来, 它们就会伸向美国20倍!

That’s 60,000 miles or about 96,560 km!

大约96,560公里!

All About Blood So what, exactly, is blood?

关于血 那么,到底什么是血吗?

If you’ve ever scraped your knee, you’ve probably seen the red stuff that oozes from below the skin.

如果你曾刮过膝盖, 你可能已经看到皮肤下有红色的东西。

To the naked eye, blood might look like nothing more than a thick, red liquid.

对肉眼来说,血液看起来可能只是浓而红色的液体.

Upon closer inspection, however, blood is a complicated substance, loaded with cells that are tiny and cannot be seen until you look at them using a microscope.

然而,经过更仔细的检查,血液是一种复杂的物质,里面装有细小的细胞,在用显微镜观察之前是看不到的.

There are two main types of blood cells— red and white.

血细胞主要有两种——红细胞和白细胞.

A soft tissue inside certain bones, called marrow, creates new red blood cells.

某些骨骼内部的软组织被称作"髓",产生出新的红血球.

A small organ near your stomach, called the spleen, is responsible for destroying old blood cells and for creating new white blood cells.

一个靠近你胃部的小器官,叫"脾",负责摧毁老血细胞并创造出新的白血细胞.

A girl examines the scrape on her knee.

一个女孩检查了膝盖上的刮痕

What Is Your Pulse?

你的脉搏是什么?

Your pulse is actually the movement of blood vessels beneath your skin.

你的脉搏是血管在皮肤下移动

When the heart pumps, it sends large flows of blood through the arteries.

心脏泵出后会通过动脉输送出大量血液.

The walls of the arteries expand to accommodate this surge of blood.

动脉的墙壁会扩张,以适应这种血潮.

You feel the expanding artery wall as your pulse.

你感觉到扩张的动脉壁是脉冲

When you are resting, you should be able to count about 60 to 80 pulse beats a minute.

当你休息时,你应该能够数出大约每分钟60到80个脉搏。

Try This!

试试这个!

Count how many times your pulse beats in 10 seconds and multiply that number by 6.

数出你的脉搏在10秒内能跳出多少倍 乘以6

The answer you get is called your heart rate.

你得到的答案是心率

Now try it again, but first hop on one foot for one minute before you count the number of beats.

现在再试一次,但先跳上一脚一分钟,再数拍数.

What happened to your heart rate?

你的心率怎么样?

Exercise gives your heart a workout as well as the other muscles of your body.

锻炼能让你的心脏 以及身体的其他肌肉锻炼

Raising your pulse keeps your heart healthy!

脉搏上升 心脏保持健康

A doctor listens for a girl’s pulse.

大夫听取一女脉.

The most common blood cell is the red blood cell, which gives blood its red color.

最常见的血细胞是红血球,红血球使血液呈现出其红色.

Your body has more than 25 trillion red blood cells, and each lives for about four months.

你的身体有超过25万亿个红血球,每个细胞活了大约四个月.

Your blood also has white blood cells.

你的血也有白细胞

The white and red blood cells flow through the body in a yellow liquid called plasma.

白血球和红血球在被称作等离子体的黄色液体中会从体内流出.

Your red blood cells look a little bit like donuts, with the holes not fully punched out.

你的红血球看起来有点像甜甜圈 洞没有完全被打出

Red blood cells are the part of the blood that carries oxygen throughout your body and also carries the nutrients that your body gets from the foods you eat.

红血球是血液的一部分,它携带着整个身体的氧气,还携带着从所吃食物中获得的营养.

As red blood cells pass through the lining of your intestines, they absorb the nutrients from digested food.

当红血球穿过你的肠道的内衬时,它们吸收了被消化的食物中的营养.

Red blood cells also remove wastes from cells throughout your body.

红血球也会从全身细胞中清除废物.

White blood cells also have an important job—they keep your body healthy by fighting off diseases.

白血球也有一份重要的工作——他们通过对抗疾病来保持你的身体健康.

Essentially, white blood cells maintain your body’s health by gobbling up harmful germs such as bacteria and viruses!

基本上,白血球通过吞噬细菌和病毒等有害细菌来维持你的身体健康!

The most common white blood cell is called neutrophil (NEW-tro-fill).

最常见的白血球被称作中子细胞(NEW-tro-fill).

These white blood cells are the lookouts, the guardians, of your body.

这些白血球是你的身体的守护者

They are always searching for harmful germs that will make you sick.

他们总是寻找有害的细菌 让你生病。

When they find these germs, they wrap themselves around the germs—then they eat them!

当他们发现这些细菌的时候,他们就把它包在细菌周围,然后,他们就吃了它们。

Neutrophil cell cleaning up damaged tissue and bacteria around an injury.

神经细胞清理损伤的组织和细菌 围绕伤害。

Along with red blood cells, white blood cells, and plasma, blood has one more very important component— platelets.

与红血球,白血球,和等离子体一样,血液还有一个更重要的成分——血小板.

Platelets are smaller than red and white blood cells, but their job is crucial to the circulatory system.

花板比红白血球还小,但他们的工作对循环系统至关重要.

Platelets help blood to clot.

花板有助于血液凝血.

If you’ve ever cut yourself, you might have noticed that your blood eventually stops flowing.

如果你曾经切过自己,你可能注意到你的血液最终会停止流动。

The platelets clot, or cause the blood cells and plasma to clump together, blocking the flow of the blood.

血小板块块,或使血细胞和血浆凝聚在一起,阻断了血流.

Fibers also form over the skin, further blocking blood flow.

纤维也形成于皮肤上,进一步阻塞出血流.

Eventually, these fibers form a scab over the cut, allowing the skin underneath to heal.

最终,这些纤维在切口上形成一股斑状,使下部的皮肤得以愈合.

Platelets help form scabs, so cuts can heal.

花板能帮助形成疮道,因此切能治愈.

Another type of white blood cell is called the lymphocyte (LIM-fo-site), which produces antibodies to help your body combat viruses and bacteria.

另一种类型的白血球被称作淋巴细胞(LIM-fo-site),它产生抗体来帮助你的身体去对抗病毒和细菌.

An antibody is a chemical that helps destroy harmful bacteria and viruses.

抗体是一种有助于破坏有害细菌和病毒的化学物质.

So, instead of eating the germs, the lymphocyte tries to wipe them out using chemical warfare.

因此,淋巴细胞与其吃这些细菌,不如用化学战来消灭它们.

A third type of white blood cell is called a monocyte (MON-o-site), which works like the neutrophil, by killing unknown particles in your blood by eating them.

第三类白血球被称作单细胞(MON-o-site),其作用类似于中微子细胞,通过吃入血液来杀死血液中的未知颗粒.

A Drop of Blood This pie graph compares the number of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets in a drop of blood.

滴出一滴鲜血 这个派图比较了红血球,白血球和血小板在一滴血中的数量.

Many parts of your body are affected by the flow of blood through the circulatory system.

身体的许多部位都受血液流经循环系统的影响.

Your intestines provide the blood with nutrients that you get from the foods you eat.

你的肠子为血液提供从所吃的食物中获得的营养.

Your kidneys remove waste products from your blood, and your liver controls the amount of sugar in your blood.

肾能去除血液中的废品,而肝能控制血液中的糖量.

The liver also keeps blood clean by removing and filtering poisons and drugs.

肝也通过去除和过滤出毒药来保持血液清洁.

You can see blood vessels on the underside of your wrist, just below the skin.

你可以在手腕下方看到血管 就在皮肤下方

The Color Red.

色相红相.

or Purple?

还是紫色?

If you look closely at your hand, you can see blood vessels beneath the skin.

仔细看一看你的手,可以看到皮下有血管.

The blood vessels, however, don’t appear red, which is the color of blood.

血液的颜色。

Instead, they are a dark, purplish color.

相反,它们是一种阴暗而纯洁的颜色。

Why are blood and the blood vessels two different colors?

为什么血液和血管有两种不同的颜色?

It actually has to do with oxygen.

这和氧气有关

Red blood cells contain a protein called hemoglobin (HE-mo-glow-bin), which has iron in it.

红血球中含有一种蛋白质,叫血红素(HE-mo-glow-bin),其中含有铁.

Iron enables the blood to absorb oxygen more easily.

铁能使血液更容易地吸收氧气.

When iron and oxygen mix, the hemoglobin protein in the blood turns red.

当铁和氧混合后,血液中的血红蛋白会变为红色.

So that is why blood is red, especially when it is released from a cut or puncture.

故出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出

Bruises also appear purple in color.

布鲁斯也以颜色出现为紫色.

A bruise occurs when a blood vessel breaks beneath your skin, but your skin doesn’t break.

但皮肤并没有被打破。

The blood collects under the unbroken skin, giving your skin a purplish hue.

血液收集在未断的皮肤下, 让你的皮肤被打出一团胡椒.

White blood cells swarm in to eat the pooling blood and over time, the blood breaks down into smaller and smaller pieces, until eventually the blood under the skin is gone.

白血球蜂拥而入,以食聚血并相继分出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出入出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出入出出出出出出出出出出出出出入出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出

The bruise, or “black-and-blue mark,” has disappeared.

瘀伤即 " 黑色和蓝色标记 " 已经消失。

This boxer has a bruise on his eye and a busted blood vessel in his nose.

这个拳击手眼睛有瘀伤 鼻子有被打坏的血管

Blood Bonus Why does your foot fall asleep?

血奖 你脚怎么睡着了?

Your foot “falls asleep” when the flow of blood has been cut off.

当血流被切断时,你的脚“睡着了”。

This stoppage usually happens if you’ve been sitting on your foot or ankle.

通常情况下,

Your foot begins to tingle when the blood starts to flow again.

当血液再次流出时 你的脚开始发抖

After your foot falls asleep you may feel “pins and needles” until the blood flow is normal again.

在你的脚入睡后,你可能会感觉到“针头和针头”,直到血流恢复正常。

When blood starts to flow back to the heart, it has delivered most of its oxygen to the rest of the body.

当血液开始回流到心脏时,它已经把大部分氧气送到了身体的其余部分.

The blood lacks oxygen, which gives it a darker color.

血液缺乏氧气,这使其颜色更暗.

So the blood vessels that serve as veins appear darker in color, too, or purplish.

所以作为血管的血管 也呈现出颜色更暗的,或者纯色.

The layer of skin also distorts the color of blood and blood vessels.

皮层还扭曲了血液和血管的颜色.

When people donate blood, it is put into blood banks for people who need transfusions.

当人们捐出血液时,就会被投入需要输血的人的血库.

Know Your Type Not all blood is the same.

认识你 类型 不是所有的血都是一样的

Blood can be categorized and sorted into four types.

血可分出并分出为四种.

A substance called an antigen determines your blood type.

一种叫做抗原的物质决定了你的血型.

Antigens cause your blood to make infection-fighting chemicals.

抗原会导致你的血液 制造出防治感染的化学剂

There are two kinds of antigens—A and B.

抗原有两种—— (原始内容存档于2019-10-29). A and B.

If your blood has the A antigen, you have Type A blood.

如果你的血液有A抗原,你就会有A型血液.

If your blood has the B antigen, you have Type B blood.

如果你的血液有B抗原, 你有B型血液。

If you have both antigens, your blood is Type AB; and if you have neither antigen, your blood is Type O.

如果你有两种抗原,你的血液是AB型;如果你没有抗原,你的血液是O型.

It is important to know your blood type.

了解你的血型很重要

If you are ever in an accident and lose a lot of blood you will need a transfusion to replace your lost blood.

如果你在事故中失去大量血液 你将需要输血来取代你的失血

You can only accept blood from someone who has your blood type or Type O blood.

你只能接受有你血型或O型血型的人的血液.

People with Type O blood are called universal donors since anyone can accept their blood.

有型号的人 O出血被称为普遍献血者,因为任何人都可以接受他们的出血.

Conclusion Have you ever heard the expression that your body is like a well-oiled machine?

结论 你听说过你的身体像一台油井里的机器吗?

Well, if that’s true, then your blood is the oil that makes your body run.

那么,如果这是真的,那么你的血液就是使你身体运转的油。

Your heart is the engine that pumps the oil through your body.

你的心脏是用油泵穿你身体的引擎.

And your blood vessels are the tubes through which the blood flows.

你的血管是血液流动的管子

All together, your heart, your blood vessels, and your blood make up your body’s circulatory system.

心脏、血管和血液共同构成身体循环系统。

Children keep their hearts in shape with exercise.

儿童用锻炼来保持心力。