Faces Attila
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Terror from Asia.
亚洲内容恐怖列表.
4 United We Stand.
4 联合我们站。
5 The Scourge of God.
5,"神会".
8 A Lady in Distress.
8 受难女神。
11 The Last of the Romans.
11"罗马人最后的遗迹".
13 The Battle of Chalons.
13"查龙之战".
14 Attila and the Pope.
14 Attila和教宗(英语:Pope).
16 Divided They Fall.
16分他们倒下。
18 Glossary.
18 词汇。
20 Terror from Asia No invaders in ancient Europe struck as much terror into people’s hearts as the Huns.
20 亚洲的恐怖 古代欧洲没有任何侵略者像匈人那样对人民心怀恐惧。
These ferocious horsemen from northcentral Asia thundered into the heart of Europe in the ad 370s.
这些来自亚洲中北部的凶猛的骑手在广告370中被雷打入了欧洲心脏.
Wherever they went, they left death and destruction behind them.
无论他们走到哪里,都留下了死亡和毁灭。
Historians of the time described the Huns as hideous barbarians who killed without mercy.
当时的史学家将匈奴人描述为骇人听闻的野蛮人,毫不留情地杀人.
The leader of the Huns when they were at the height of their reign of terror was a man named Attila (AT-uh-luh or uh-TIL-uh).
匈奴人处于恐怖统治最高峰时期的首领是一位叫阿提拉(英语:Attila (AT-uh-luh (Uh-TI-uh)))的人.
The people of Europe found Attila so horrifying that they called him “the Scourge of God.”
欧洲人民发现阿提拉如此骇人听闻,称他为“上帝的诅咒 ” 。
Attila crushed nearly every army sent against him.
阿提拉击溃了几乎所有针对他的军队.
United We Stand Beginning around 27 bc in Europe, the Roman armies fanned out and conquered much of the ancient world.
罗马军队从欧洲的27公分开始 向远古世界倾斜并征服了它
The Roman Empire ruled as a united entity for close to five centuries.
罗马帝国作为统一实体统治了近五个世纪.
By the mid-300s, the empire was growing old and tired.
到300年代中期,帝国逐渐衰老而疲惫.
The empire covered so much land that it took two emperors to govern it.
帝国覆盖了如此多的土地,需要两个皇帝来治理.
One emperor ruled in the west from the city of Rome; the other—Valens— ruled in the east from Constantinople, a city in what is now the country of Turkey.
一个皇帝从罗马城来统治西部;另一个皇帝——瓦伦斯——从君士坦丁堡来统治东部,这是现在土耳其的一座城市.
By the year 400, the two halves of the empire would be permanently divided and would never enjoy the power they had once enjoyed as one united empire.
到400年,帝国的两半将永久分裂,永远不会享有他们曾经作为一个统一的帝国所享有的权力.
In ad 376, a messenger brought some very disturbing news to Roman Emperor Valens.
在广告376中,一位使者给罗马皇帝瓦伦斯带来了一些非常令人不安的消息.
The messenger said that large numbers of Germanic people called the Visigoths were swarming into the Roman Empire.
信使说,被称作"维西哥特人"的大量德意志人正在涌入罗马帝国.
They were seeking protection from a terrible new enemy from the east: the Huns.
他们正在寻求保护,免遭来自东部的可怕的新敌人:匈人.
This was the first time that the Roman world had heard rumor of the Huns.
这是罗马人第一次听到匈奴人的传闻.
The Visigoth refugees were allowed to settle in the Eastern Roman Empire.
维西哥斯难民获准定居于东罗马帝国.
But the Romans treated them badly.
但罗马人对他们很不好
The angry Visigoths rebelled.
有愤怒的维西哥斯人反叛.
For two years, they rampaged through part of the Eastern Empire, causing great destruction similar to what they were fleeing.
两年来,他们猛烈地穿越了东部帝国的一部分,造成了与所逃离的相似的巨大破坏.
Valens led an army to stop the uprising, but the Visigoths destroyed his army and Valens was killed.
瓦伦斯率领一支军队来阻止起义,但维西哥特人摧毁了自己的军队,瓦伦斯被杀死.
Alaric I, king of the Visigoths, led his people to rebel against those who had given them shelter from the Huns.
阿拉里克一世是维西哥特人之王,他带领他的族人反抗那些曾庇护他们躲避匈奴的人.
Without the leadership of Valens, the Roman Empire became weaker.
没有瓦伦斯的领导,罗马帝国就变得软弱.
The Visigoths and other Germanic tribes began attacking the western part of the empire.
维西哥特人和其他日耳曼人部落开始进攻帝国西部.
Without a central leader, the Romans were powerless to stop the invaders.
没有中央领导,罗马人无力阻止入侵者.
Nearly 40 years after the Visigoths first started fleeing the Huns, the Visigoths sacked the city of Rome in ad 410.
维西哥特人开始逃离匈奴后近40年,维西哥特人于Ad 410中将罗马城解职.
Enemies had not destroyed the capital city in centuries.
几个世纪以来,敌人并没有摧毁首都。
It was a devastating blow.
这是一个毁灭性的打击。
The last thing the Romans needed at this point was even more trouble.
罗马人此时最不需要的就是更多的麻烦.
But they were soon to get it, and it came from the Huns.
但他们很快就得到了它,它来自匈奴.
The Scourge of God The Huns had settled into an area that is now part of the country of Hungary.
神之所出之所出之所出之所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所
They built towns.
他们建立了城镇。
The leaders lived in houses made of wood, but most of the people lived in tents.
领袖们住在由木制而成的房屋中,但大多数人住在帐篷中.
The tents enabled them to easily leave the settlement on horseback, taking their homes with them.
这些帐篷使他们可以轻而易举地骑着马离开定居点,带回家去。
The Huns were not content with what they had.
匈奴不满足于他们所拥有的.
They wanted more.
他们想要更多。
The Huns wanted money and nice things, so they attacked people who had those things.
匈奴人要钱和好东西,于是攻击了有这些东西的人.
Beginning in the 420s, they demanded an annual payment of several hundred pounds of gold each year from the Romans.
从420年代开始,他们要求每年向罗马人支付数百磅黄金.
Desiring to keep the peace, the new Eastern Roman emperor, Theodosius II (thee-uh- DOH-shee-us) agreed to the demand.
为了维持和平,新的东罗马皇帝西奥多修斯二世(the-uh-DOH-shie-us)同意了这一要求.
For more than 20 years, the Huns accepted the payments and caused the Romans little trouble.
二十多年来,匈奴人接受了这些付款,给罗马人带来了小麻烦.
That began to change in the ad 440s, after a man named Attila rose to become the sole ruler of the Huns and the Germanic people the Huns had conquered.
这在广告440年代开始发生变化,因为一个叫阿提拉的人起而成为了匈人和被匈人征服的德意志人的唯一统治者.
Roman coin circa ad 440 Nearly 100 years after the Visigoths sacked Rome, they and other Germanic tribes had taken over the land once governed by the Western Roman Empire.
罗马硬币圆环440 在维西哥斯人解雇罗马近100年之后,他们和其他日耳曼人部落已经占领了这块土地,一度由西罗马帝国统治.
Attila was in his late thirties.
阿提拉三十多岁了
A Germanic historian of the time described the new king: “[He has] small, deep-set eyes, a flat nose, a few hairs in the place of a beard, broad shoulders, and a short, square body.”
当时的一位德意志历史学家描述了新国王:"[他有]小而深的双眼,平平的鼻孔,胡子所处处有几根发,肩膀宽阔,身材矮而平坦. “
Other people who met Attila said he had very simple tastes and ate and participated in feasts in moderation.
与阿提拉相遇的其他人说他的口味和吃法都非常简单,并且以温和的态度参加了宴会.
Attila might have been moderate when relaxing with friends, but he was ferocious when dealing with the Romans.
阿提拉在和朋友放松时可能是温和的,但在与罗马人打交道时他很凶猛.
He demanded more gold from them.
他向他们索要了更多的黄金.
In order to maintain peace, Theodosius agreed to double the annual payment, but then Attila wanted even more.
为了维持和平,西奥多修斯同意将年薪增加一倍,但后来阿提拉更想要.
With an army of about 100,000 men, Attila launched war against the eastern part of the Roman Empire.
阿提拉以一支由约10万人组成的军队向罗马帝国东部发动了战争.
The Huns reduced one Roman city after another to ruins and killed many thousands of people.
匈奴将一罗马相继缩小为废城并杀死了上千人.
To stop the destruction and killing, Theodosius agreed to once again double the annual payment of gold.
为了阻止破坏和杀戮,西奥多修斯同意再次将每年的黄金付款增加一倍.
The Huns would now get about 950 kilograms (2,100 lbs) of gold each year.
匈奴人现在每年会得到大约950公斤(2 100磅)的黄金。
But when Theodosius died in ad 450, the new Eastern Roman emperor, Marcian (MAR-shun), refused to make any further payments.
但当西奥多修斯于450年去世后,新的东罗马皇帝马尔西亚(英语:Marcian (MAR-shun))拒绝再支付任何款项.
That put Attila into a rage, and he took his fury out on the Western Roman Empire.
这让阿提拉陷入了愤怒,他把怒气冲向了西罗马帝国.
Walls like these were built around the Eastern Roman Empire’s capital, Constantinople, to keep invaders like Attila from taking over the city.
这样的城墙是围绕东罗马帝国的首都君士坦丁堡所建造的,以阻止阿提拉等入侵者占领该城.
A Lady in Distress Historians theorize that Attila may have had several reasons for turning his attention to the western part of the empire.
一位危难中的女主人公认为阿提拉可能有几个原因可以将注意力转向帝国的西部.
He may have decided that Marcian was someone he didn’t want to anger.
他可能决定Marcian是不想生气的人。
Attila had also already drained the eastern part of the empire of much of its wealth.
阿提拉已经消耗了帝国东部的大部分财富。
Both of these reasons made the Western Roman Empire an inviting target.
这两种原因都使得西罗马帝国成为了被邀请的目标.
Attila had never needed an excuse for attacking.
阿提拉从来不需要攻击的借口。
He just did it and took what he wanted.
他刚刚做了,拿走了他想要的。
But this time, he pretended that he had an excuse.
但这次,他假装有借口.
Honoria (ah-NOR-ee-uh), sister of the Western emperor, Valentinian III, had written to him.
Honoria (ah-NOR-ee-uh),西方皇帝瓦伦丁三世的妹妹,曾写信给他.
Honoria had been discovered having a secret romance with a servant.
霍诺莉娅被发现 和一个仆人有一段秘密的浪漫
The servant was executed, and Honoria was locked away.
仆被处死,而霍莉娅被锁了起来.
Desperate to be free, she sent a letter to Attila begging him for help.
渴望自由,她给阿提拉寄了一封信去求取他的帮助.
She enclosed her ring as proof that she wrote the letter.
她的戒指是她写这封信的证据。
Attila announced that he considered Honoria’s letter and ring a proposal of marriage.
阿提拉宣布,他考虑过Honoria的信,并敲响了结婚的提议.
He said he wanted to marry the young princess.
他说他想娶年轻的公主
As a dowry, he demanded half of the Western Roman Empire.
作为嫁妆,他要求占到西罗马帝国的一半.
Needless to say, Honoria’s brother Valentinian III refused this demand.
毋庸置疑,Honoria的兄弟Valentinian 三世拒绝了这一要求。
Attila then declared that he would take what was rightfully his by force.
阿提拉随后宣布,他将用武力夺取理应属于他的东西。
Attila really didn’t care about Honoria.
阿提拉真的不在乎Honoria。
It was the Roman lands and riches he wanted.
那是他想要的罗马土地和财富
He was determined to get them.
他决心要得到他们。
He assembled an army of about 100,000 men, including both Huns and Germanic allies.
他集结了一支由约10万人组成的军队,其中包括匈奴和德意志同盟.
In early 451, Attila and his army crossed the Rhine River into Gaul—modern-day France.
451年初,阿提拉和军队渡过莱茵河入高卢-现代法国.
For several months, the attackers sacked and burned every city they conquered.
几个月来,袭击者解雇并烧毁了所征服的每一个城市.
They killed men, women, and children without mercy.
他们毫不留情地杀害了男女老幼。
They took people’s riches and all their food.
他们抢走人们的财富和所有食物。
Attila believed that nothing could stop him.
阿提拉相信没有什么能阻止他.
He was about to get a big surprise.
他正准备大吃一惊
The Last of the Romans The Roman Empire was fortunate that it still had one great general.
罗马帝国的末世 幸好它还有一位伟大的将军
His name was Flavius Aetius (AY-tee-uhs), and he served in the court of Valentinian III.
他的名字是弗拉维乌斯·艾特乌斯(AY-tee-uhs),他曾在瓦伦丁三世的宫廷中服役.
He is usually just called Aetius.
他通常只是叫"爱提乌斯"
As the Western Empire crumbled, Aetius did all he could to hold the empire together.
随着西方帝国的崩溃,艾提乌斯尽了一切所能来维持帝国.
For his efforts, he has been remembered as “the Last of the Romans.”
由于他的努力,他被人们铭记为“罗马人的最后一位”。 “
With the advance of Attila through Gaul, Aetius was facing the greatest test of his life.
随着阿提拉通过高卢的推进,艾提乌斯面临着他一生中最伟大的考验.
He scrambled to raise an army.
后出使起兵.
Arguing that Attila was the enemy of humanity, Aetius convinced some of the Germanic tribes living in Gaul to join forces with him.
认为阿提拉是人类的敌人,艾提乌斯说服了居住在高卢的一些德意志部落与他联手.
These new allies included a large force of Visigoths under the command of their king, Theodoric.
这些新的盟友包括了一支由他们的国王西奥多克所指挥的庞大的维西哥斯部队.
Aetius’s army was now about as large as Attila’s.
Aetius的军队现在和Attila一样庞大。
In the late spring of 451, the Roman general led his forces to fight Attila and the Huns.
451年春后期,罗马将领出兵出击阿提拉和匈奴.
The Battle of Chalons Aetius and his army caught up with Attila in late June outside the city of Orleans, in modern-day France.
查隆斯·艾提乌斯之战及其军队于6月下旬在近代法国奥尔良城外追上阿提拉.
The Hun army had been conducting a siege of the city.
匈奴军队一直在围城.
Seeing the approaching Roman forces, Attila retreated toward an open plain near the town of Chalons-sur-Marne.
阿提拉看到罗马军队逼近,向马恩河畔查龙斯镇附近的平原撤退.
There, the two huge armies met in one of the greatest battles in history.
在那里,两支庞大的军队在历史上最伟大的战斗之一相遇.
The Battle of Chalons began in the afternoon.
查龙斯之战从下午开始.
After firing arrows at each other, the two sides fought up close with swords, spears, and axes.
在相射出箭后,双方用剑,矛,斧等相接而起.
By evening, when the fighting stopped, tens of thousands of men from both sides lay dead on the field.
到傍晚,当战斗停止后,双方有数以万计的人倒地出战.
Among them was Theodoric.
其中有西奥多克.
But there was no question about who had won.
但毫无疑问谁赢了
Aetius’s army had defeated Attila.
艾提乌斯的军队击败了阿提拉.
The Visigoth king Theodoric was slain in battle with Attila and the Huns, but Aetius and the Roman and Visigoth armies went on to beat the Huns.
维西哥特国王西奥多里克在与阿提拉和匈奴的战斗中被击毙,但爱提乌斯和罗马和维西哥特军队继续击败匈奴.
Thinking Critically Aetius needed a larger army to fight the Huns, so he convinced men from Gaul to join the Roman army.
关键思考 艾特乌斯需要一支更大的军队来与匈奴作战,于是他说服了高卢人加入罗马军队.
Which is more important when fighting an enemy?
在与敌人战斗时哪一个更重要?
Number of men or talent?
男人还是人才?
The next day, Aetius allowed Attila to retreat with the remainder of his army.
次日,艾提乌斯允许阿提拉同他所剩军队撤退.
The Roman general was criticized for this.
罗马将领因此被批评.
But Aetius probably made a wise decision.
但艾提斯可能做出了一个明智的决定.
His strategy was to keep the Germanic forces as allies of Rome.
他的策略是将德意志势力作为罗马的盟友.
The best way to do this was if the Goths and the Romans had the Huns as a common enemy.
这样做的最佳方式是哥特人和罗马人是否有匈奴作为共同的敌人.
Attila’s army withdrew from Gaul, moving back across the Rhine River to a settlement.
阿提拉的军队从高卢撤军,再越过莱茵河返回一个定居点.
The Western Roman Empire was safe for the time being.
西罗马帝国暂时是安全的.
But Attila still had plenty of men, and he hadn’t given up on conquering the Western Empire.
但阿提拉仍然有很多人,他并没有放弃征服西方帝国.
The Romans hadn’t seen the last of Attila and the Huns.
罗马人没有看到阿提拉和匈人的最后一位。
Attila and the Pope In June of the following year, Attila led his army across the mountains into Italy.
次年6月,阿提拉率领军队越过山地进入意大利.
He was still pretending that he wanted to marry Honoria.
他还在假装他想娶霍诺莉娅
This time, Aetius was unable to raise an army large enough to fight the Huns.
这回,阿埃提乌斯无法举起一支足够大出征匈奴的军队.
The Germanic people who had helped to save Gaul were less interested in saving Italy.
曾帮助拯救高卢的德意志人对拯救意大利的兴趣较少.
Attila’s army roamed at will in northern Italy, demolishing villages and killing their inhabitants.
阿提拉的军队随意地在意大利北部漫游,摧毁了村庄并杀害了居民.
The army moved closer and closer toward Rome.
军队越来越接近罗马.
Aetius and Emperor Valentinian III decided to try diplomacy instead of battle.
艾特乌斯和皇帝瓦伦蒂安三世决定尝试外交而不是战斗.
They asked Pope Leo I, the head of the Catholic Church, for his help.
他们向天主教会会长教宗利奥一世求助.
They wanted the pope to meet with Attila and ask him to leave Italy.
他们想教宗会见阿提拉并让他离开意大利.
Attila and his armies were known for the great violence they committed.
阿提拉和他的军队以所犯下的巨大暴力而出名.
The Huns so thoroughly destroyed the city of Aquileia on their rampage through Italy that the city never recovered.
匈人如此彻底地摧毁了阿基莱亚城,在他们穿越意大利的狂暴中,城市从未恢复.
Pope Leo I met with Attila at the Huns’ camp.
教宗利奥一世在匈奴阵营会见了阿提拉.
What the two men said to each other was not recorded.
两人对对方说的话没有被记录下来.
But Attila agreed to stop his attacks.
但阿提拉同意停止攻击.
This victory greatly increased the prestige of the pope.
这一胜利大大提高了教皇的威望.
However, some historians believe that Attila was in a weaker position than many people realized.
然而,一些历史学家认为阿提拉的地位比许多人意识到的要弱.
They believe his army had not fully recovered from the Battle of Chalons, and many of his men were dying of a plague.
他们相信他的军队还没有从查龙斯战役中完全收复,他的许多部下正死于瘟疫.
In addition, he was running short of food and other supplies.
此外,他还缺少食物和其他用品。
Whatever Attila’s reasons were, he left Italy, never to return.
无论阿提拉的理由是什么,他都离开了意大利,从此不再返回.
Divided They Fall Attila stopped pretending to need Honoria as a bride.
分道扬镳的阿提拉不再假装 需要霍诺莉娅当新娘了
In fact, he already had a number of wives.
事实上,他已经有不少妻子.
In ad 453 he took a new bride, a beautiful young woman named Ildico.
在广告453中,他娶了一位新新娘,一位名叫伊尔迪科的美丽年轻女子.
After a day of feasting, Attila and Ildico went to bed.
经过一天的宴会,阿提拉和伊尔迪克去睡觉了.
The next morning, Attila failed to emerge from his bedroom.
第二天早上,阿提拉未能从他的卧室中出现.
Worried servants entered his room and found Ildico trembling with fear.
烦恼的仆人进入他的房间,发现伊尔迪克在恐惧中颤抖.
On the bed lay Attila.
在床上躺着阿提拉
He was dead.
他已经死了。
During the night, the king had suffered a burst blood vessel in his nose or throat.
在夜间,国王的鼻子或喉咙有被爆出血囊.
He drowned to death on his own blood.
以自出血而溺而死.
Pope Leo I kept Attila from furthering his attacks in Italy.
教皇利奥 我阻止了阿提拉在意大利继续进攻
After the death of Attila, the Huns’ empire did not last.
在阿提拉死后,匈奴的帝国并没有持久.
His numerous sons split the empire among themselves.
他的众多儿子瓜分了帝国彼此.
Under Attila, the Huns had been united, but now they became divided.
在阿提拉统治下,匈奴人已经统一了,但现在逐渐分裂.
Their lack of unity caused them to grow weak.
他们缺乏团结使他们变得软弱.
Germanic tribes that had been ruled by Attila saw that the Huns were weakening.
曾被阿提拉所统治的日耳曼人部落看到匈奴正在衰弱.
In 454, they revolted.
454年,他们起义.
Within a few years, they had overthrown the Huns.
在几年内,他们推翻了匈奴.
With their empire shattered, the Huns fled.
随着他们的帝国被粉碎,匈奴人逃离了.
In the words of one historian, they were “scattered to the winds.”
用一位历史学家的话来说,他们“被放逐到风中去。 “
Once the terror of humanity, the Huns made no more lasting marks on history.
一旦人类的恐怖,匈奴人就不再在历史上留下更持久的印记.
Glossary allies (n.)
词汇同盟(n.)
people or groups that join with others in a common cause (p.
与他人一起从事共同事业的个人或团体(p.
12) barbarians (n.)
12) 蛮族 (n.
outsiders who are considered brutal or uncivilized (p.
被认为残暴或不文明的外人(p.
4) diplomacy (n.)
4)外交 (n.
the practice of negotiating between leaders of different countries (p.
不同国家领导人之间的谈判做法(p.
16) dowry (n.)
16) 嫁妆(n.
an amount of property or money given by a bride’s family to the family into which she marries (p.
新娘家庭给予其结婚家庭的财产或金钱(p.
11) empire (n.)
11) 帝国 (n.
a collection of nations or people ruled by one person who has total authority (p.
由拥有完全权力的人统治的国家或人民集合(p.
5) Germanic (adj.)
5) 德文(adj.
describing a people who spoke a group of languages with similar characteristics spoken across northwestern Europe (p.
描述在西北欧讲类似语言的人(p.
6) humanity (n.)
6) 人性(n.
all human beings as one species (p.
所有人类作为一个物种(p.
13) prestige (n.)
13) 声望 (n.
a level of high standing or respect (p.
a 地位高或受到尊重的级别(p.
17) rampaged (v.)
17) 暴虐(五.
proceeded in an angry or violent way (p.
以愤怒或暴力的方式进行(p.
6) sacked (v.)
6)被解职(五.
destroyed a city and stole all its wealth after capturing it from an enemy (p.
攻克了一座城市,并偷走了它从敌人手中夺取的财富(p.
7) scourge (n.)
7) 灾祸(n.)
a person or thing that is seen as an agent of punishment, suffering, or vengeance (p.
被视作惩罚、痛苦或报复的个人或事物(p.
4) siege (n.)
4) 围攻 (n.
surrounding and often attacking an enemy for a long time while preventing them from getting food and other supplies (p.
包围并经常长期地攻击敌人,同时阻止他们获得食物和其他补给(p.
14) Though many believe that Hungary was named for the Huns, it was not.
14)虽然许多人认为匈牙利被命名为匈奴人,但并非如此.
Scholars believe, however, that Budapest, the capital city, was named for Attila’s brother Bleda, also known as Buda.
然而,学者们认为首都布达佩斯被取名为阿提拉的弟弟布莱达,也叫布达.