Pyramids
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Introduction.
导言表。
4 Ancient Egypt.
4 古埃及。
5 Building a Pyramid.
5 建一 Py.
8 Preparing the Body.
8 准备身体。
15 Famous Egyptian Pyramids.
15出名的埃及金字塔.
17 Pyramids in Other Lands.
17个金字塔在其他土地上。
19 Conclusion.
19 结论。
22 Explore More.
22 探索更多。
23 Glossary.
23 词汇表。
24 Introduction The country of Egypt sits at the northeastern corner of the African continent.
导言 埃及国坐落于非洲大陆东北角.
It was once home to the ancient Egyptian civilization.
它曾经是古埃及文明的家园.
Ancient Egypt was one of the most fascinating cultures ever to exist.
古埃及是历史上最有吸引力的文化之一。
Thousands of years ago, the Egyptians studied and practiced agriculture, irrigation, architecture, engineering, and much more.
数千年前,埃及人研究并实践了农业,灌溉,建筑,工程等等.
They built great structures, including the pyramids.
他们建造了包括金字塔在内的宏伟建筑.
Learning about these pyramids can help us learn a great deal about this amazing civilization.
了解这些金字塔可以帮助我们了解这个惊人的文明。
Ancient Egypt Egyptians began to settle along the banks of the Nile River about seven thousand years ago.
古埃及埃及人大约在七千年前开始沿尼罗河岸地定居.
At first they lived in villages, but over time the villages formed into larger groups and eventually became tribes.
起初他们居住在村庄中,但随着时间的推移,村庄形成了更大的群体并最终成为了部落.
By about 3200 bc, these tribes were united under one king, who was called the pharaoh.
到约3200 bc时,这些部落统一在一个被称作"法老"的国王下.
The culture of ancient Egypt was dependent on the life-giving Nile River.
古埃及的文化依赖于赐生的尼罗河.
It provided the Egyptians with fish and birds to eat, as well as water to irrigate their crops.
它为埃及人提供鱼和鸟来吃,也提供水来灌溉他们的作物.
It also served as a waterway for boats, both for travel and to transport goods.
它还作为船只的水道,用于旅行和运输货物。
The Nile has been a busy waterway for thousands of years.
尼罗河几千年来一直是一条繁忙的水道.
The ancient Egyptians believed in life after death.
古埃及人相信死后的生命.
They believed that their next life would be similar to their present life and that they would need the same kinds of tools and objects in their next life.
他们相信来生与现在的生平相似,在来生中需要同样的工具和物品.
Therefore, many people were buried with a collection of some of the things they possessed in their current life.
因此,许多人被埋藏在他们目前生活中拥有的一些物品中。
Of all the people living in ancient Egypt, no one was given a more lavish burial than a pharaoh.
在生活在古埃及的所有人中,没有人得到比法老更奢侈的埋葬.
According to the beliefs of the ancient Egyptians, the pharaoh was the son of the Sun god, Re (or Ra).
根据古埃及人的信仰,法老是太阳神雷(或拉)的儿子.
While he was alive on Earth, the pharaoh was known as Horus.
在他活在地球上期间,法老被称作"荷鲁斯".
After he died, he was united with Re.
死后与雷相会.
The new pharaoh, who replaced the dead pharaoh, became the new Horus.
取代死去的法老的新法老成为了新的荷鲁斯.
Paintings in a tomb show scenes of the next life.
墓中绘画出来生的场景.
Building a Pyramid A pharaoh planned the construction of his pyramid long before he was expected to die, since finishing it would take many years.
建造金字塔 一个法老早在他预计会死之前就计划修建他的金字塔,因为完成它需要很多年.
A large pyramid could take as long as twenty years to complete.
一个大金字塔可能需要长达20年的时间才能完成.
Building a pyramid required thousands of people.
建造一座金字塔需要数千人。
Some were skilled workers, such as architects who designed the overall structure on orders from the pharaoh.
有些是熟练的工人,例如建筑师根据法老的命令设计了整体结构.
People with special knowledge were also required to properly remove the stone from a quarry and to shape the stone.
也要求有特长的人从采石场上妥善取出石块并塑造出石块.
After a pyramid was built, skilled sculptors and painters decorated it.
在一座金字塔建成后,有技能的雕塑家和画家对其进行了装饰.
A scribe recorded all the materials needed for building the pyramid using the ancient Egyptian writing system, called hieroglyphics.
一位文士记录了用古埃及书写系统来建造金字塔所需的所有材料,称为象形文字.
Hieroglyphics consist of a series of small pictures that represent ideas.
平面图由一系列代表思想的小相片组成.
Samples of hieroglyphics The Egyptians believed that in order for a pharaoh to live forever and continue to bless their lives, his body had to be preserved so that his spirit would stay alive.
象形文字样本 埃及人认为,要让一位法老永远活下来,继续保佑他们的生命,他的身体必须被保存好,以便他的精神能活下来.
They built pyramids to honor pharaohs who had died.
他们建造了金字塔来纪念死去的法老们.
Each pyramid held a pharaoh’s body, as well as riches and treasures meant to accompany him in the next life.
每个金字塔都持有法老的身体,以及来生要陪伴他去的财富和宝藏.
The pyramid also protected the pharaoh’s tomb and its treasures from theft.
金字塔还保护了法老的坟墓及其珍宝免遭盗窃.
In addition, it served as a monument to the pharaoh’s greatness.
此外,它还作为法老的伟大纪念碑.
Do You Know?
你知道吗?
The shape of a pyramid represents the Sun’s rays shining on the Earth.
金字塔的外形代表了太阳在地球上发光的光芒.
Ancient Egyptians believed that a pharaoh who died ascended to heaven on the rays of the Sun.
古埃及人认为,一位被活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活
It is believed that farmers also participated in the building of pyramids, especially during the flood season when they could not farm.
据信农民也参与了金字塔的建设,特别是在洪水季节他们无法耕作.
Farmers depended on floods to deposit fertile soil for crops.
农民依靠洪水将肥沃的土壤放入作物。
Because the pharaoh was believed to be the son of a god, farmers thought he was able to guarantee good floods.
由于法老被认为是神之子,农民认为他能够保证良好的洪水.
They were glad to serve the pharaoh in exchange for the fertile soil brought by the floods.
他们很高兴为法老服务,以换取洪水带来的肥沃土壤.
Do You Know?
你知道吗?
Each stone in the Great Pyramid weighed up to two tons.
大金字塔中的每块石头重达2吨.
This is as much as a car weighs!
这跟车一样重!
In addition to these specialized tasks, other workers were required to move the heavy stones.
除这些专门任务外,其他工人需要搬运重石.
They moved some stones from the quarry to the building site by boat.
他们用船将一些石头从采石场搬到了建筑工地.
Other stones were put on sledges, or large wooden sleds, which were then dragged across the desert sands.
其他石块被放入了雪橇上,或者大木板上,然后被拖过沙漠沙地.
Until recently, historians believed that much of this difficult work was forced on laborers who served as slaves.
直到最近,历史学家都认为,这些艰难的工作大部分被强迫给作为奴隶的劳工.
They included prisoners and people who owed money to the pharaoh.
他们包括囚犯和欠法老钱的人.
But in 1990, a tourist traveling in Egypt stumbled on the remains of an ancient city where workers who helped build the pyramids of Giza were once believed to have lived.
但是在1990年,一位在埃及旅游的游客在一座古城的遗迹上跌倒了,曾经有人相信曾帮助建造吉萨金字塔的工人曾在此居住.
Evidence from the city suggests that the people who built those pyramids were not slaves, but rather skilled craftsmen—about 15,000 of them.
城市的证据表明,建造这些金字塔的人不是奴隶,而是熟练的工匠——其中约15,000人.
Written records suggest that the workers were treated well while they worked on the pyramids.
书面记录表明,工人在金字塔上工作时受到良好待遇。
Many men were needed to pull each large stone on a sledge.
需要很多人把每块大石头 都拉到高架上
The location of a pyramid had to be determined very carefully.
必须非常仔细地确定金字塔的位置。
The site needed to be on rocky ground to support the immense weight of the finished pyramid.
场地必须位于岩石地上,以支撑已完工金字塔的巨大重量.
It needed to be near the Nile River so that some of the stones could be transported by water from the quarry to the building site.
它需要靠近尼罗河,以便能用水从采石场运送出一些石头到建筑工地.
The site had to be located on the west bank of the Nile because the west was where the Sun set each night and where the dead were believed to exist.
该地必须位于尼罗河西岸,因为西部是太阳每晚所落地,而死者据信也在那里.
The exact position of the pyramid also needed to be determined carefully, since the sides had to face exact north, south, east, and west.
还需要仔细确定金字塔的确切位置,因为双方必须面对准确的北、南、东和西三面。
An astronomer-priest was summoned to observe the stars in order to determine true north.
曾召来一位天文学家-牧师来观测星等,以便确定正北方.
During the actual building of a pyramid, many ceremonies were performed to ensure the support of the gods in the endeavor.
在一座金字塔的实际建造过程中,举行了许多仪式,以确保神灵在努力中的支持.
The Egyptians sailed heavy stones down the Nile River.
埃及人将重石划入尼罗河下游.
Several kinds of stone were used in the building of a pyramid.
在一座金字塔的建筑中使用了几种石头.
The core of the pyramid was made from local limestone.
金字塔的核心由当地的石灰岩所出.
Other limestone of finer quality, brought from far away, was used to make the outer shell of the pyramid.
其他质量更精美的石灰岩从远处运来,被用来制造出金字塔外壳.
Granite from even farther away was used for the pharaoh’s coffin, called a sarcophagus, as well as to decorate the burial chamber.
更远处的花岗岩被用于法老的棺材 -- -- 被称作"石棺" -- -- 以及装饰埋葬室。
After the location and position of the pyramid were decided on, the surface of the ground was leveled.
在金字塔的位置和位置被确定后,地表被平整.
After leveling the ground, the workers began the actual labor of building the pyramid.
平地后,工人开始实际劳动来建造金字塔.
The internal structure of a pyramid was designed to outsmart thieves and keep them from the burial chamber and its treasures.
一座金字塔的内部结构被设计出比高明的盗贼更能让他们远离葬室及其宝藏.
If the burial chamber was at or below ground level, it was put in place first, and then the pyramid was built around it in horizontal layers.
如果墓室位于地上或地下,则先被安装好,再将金字塔建在地上以水平地层为中心.
Ramps were built against the sides of the pyramid, and the huge stones were dragged up the ramps and put in position.
山羊被建造在金字塔的两侧,巨大的石块被拖上坡道并摆放就位.
A series of passageways and rooms included dead ends and empty chambers to confuse anyone trying to loot the tomb.
一系列的通道和房间包括死道和空室来迷惑试图掠夺坟墓的人.
Enormous slabs of stone blocked the entrance to the real tomb.
巨大的石板挡住了真正的坟墓入口.
Drawing of the tunnels and passageways in a pyramid Try This!
在金字塔上画地道和通道 试试这个!
Build a Pyramid Using sugar cubes or cubes fashioned out of clay, build a model pyramid.
利用用粘土制成的糖立方体或立方体来建造金字塔模型.
You can build a pyramid with steps, a flat-sided pyramid, or one of your own design.
你可以建造一个有台阶的金字塔,平面金字塔,或者你自己设计的一种.
Preparing the Body The ancient Egyptians had a special procedure for preparing the body of an important person for burial.
准备正文 古埃及人有一个特殊的程序,准备了一位重要人物的尸体来入葬.
This technique, called mummification, preserved the body for thousands of years.
这种叫木乃伊化的技法使尸体保存了上千年.
The body was taken to an embalmer, who removed the insides and preserved them in canopic jars.
尸体被取给一名防腐工,他取出内出并用相机罐来保存.
Each jar had a lid in the shape of a guardian god.
每个罐子都有一个盖子 有守护神的外形
The body then was left to dry for forty days.
然后尸体被放干40天。
Then it was washed, rubbed with oil and fragrant spices, and packed with preservatives.
后被冲洗后被取出油和香料并用防腐剂包装.
Afterward, it was wrapped with many layers of linen soaked in resin to hold its shape.
后被多层亚麻以树脂浸泡以保持外形所包裹.
A decorative mask was placed on the head, and the entire body was placed in a coffin.
头戴了装饰口罩,全身被放入棺材.
Coffins were ornately painted.
咖啡馆是天生画的
This mummy was damaged by thieves looking for souvenirs.
这个木乃伊被小偷弄坏了 寻找纪念品
An elaborate ceremony marked the burial of a pharaoh.
一个精心的仪式标志着一位法老被埋葬.
The decorated coffin, plus the canopic jars, were carried to the pyramid.
被装饰的棺材外加相舟罐被抬入金字塔.
A procession of mourners was led by priests and priestesses.
由教士和女祭司率领了哀悼者游行.
Following the mourners were servants who carried all the items meant to accompany the pharaoh into the next life—food, clothes, furniture, and more.
追随哀悼者的是仆人,他们携带了所有要陪同法老进入来世的物品——食物、衣服、家具等。
Before burying the dead pharaoh, the body’s mouth was opened by a priest.
在埋葬死去的法老之前,尸体的口被一位神父打开.
This practice was believed to allow the person to breathe, eat, and speak in the next life.
据认为,这种做法允许当事人在来世呼吸、吃吃和说话。
Then the coffin was placed in the tomb and sealed inside the pyramid, in a chamber designed to keep it safe.
后来棺材被放入墓中并被封入金字塔内,被放入为保证其安全的密室.
A collection of shabtis Do You Know?
萨比斯的收藏品?
Pharaohs were buried with statues of their servants.
法老被葬有他们的仆人的雕像.
These statues, called shabtis, were believed to come to life in the next world so that the servant could once again serve the pharaoh.
这些被称作"shabtis"的雕像被认为是来世活生生的,这样仆人就可以再为法老服务.
Famous Egyptian Pyramids The first pyramid, built for King Zoser at Saqqâra, is called a step pyramid because it was shaped like giant stairways up the sides.
著名的埃及金字塔 第一座金字塔为佐泽尔国王在萨卡拉所建造,被称作阶地金字塔,因为它被塑造为上方的巨型楼梯.
Later pyramids had smaller steps.
后来的金字塔有更小的台阶.
The design eventually changed into straight-sided pyramids, such as the Great Pyramid at Giza, which was built about 4,500 years ago for King Khufu.
设计最终被改为了直立的金字塔,例如吉萨的大金字塔,它大约是4500年前为克福国王所建.
The Great Pyramid is 147 meters (482 ft.)
大金字塔为147米(482英尺).
tall and contains about 2,300,000 blocks of stone.
高高 有约230万块石头
The Great Pyramid at Giza is part of a complex of pyramids built by King Khufu, his son Khafre, and grandson Menkaure.
吉萨大金字塔是一栋由克福国王所建的金字塔建筑群的一部分,他的儿子克福尔和外孙孟克来.
Their pyramids are surrounded by other pyramids for their queens, as well as stone mastabas —tombs made of mud bricks—for the rest of the royal family and members of the court.
他们的金字塔被其他金字塔所包围,供奉他们的后人;也供奉由泥砖所制成的石制马斯达巴斯——供奉其他王室和宫廷成员.
The Sphinx, a limestone statue with the face of a king and the body of a lion, guards the entire site.
狮身人面像(英語:Sphinx)是一尊石灰岩雕像,有国王和狮子的相貌,守护着整个遗址.
The Sphinx represents the Sun god.
狮身人面像代表太阳神.
The Sphinx watches over the pyramids and other structures at Giza.
狮身人面像监视着吉萨的金字塔和其他结构.
All of the ancient Egyptian pyramids have had their treasures looted.
所有古埃及金字塔的宝藏都被洗劫一空.
Very few tombs have been left undisturbed.
很少有墓穴未受干扰.
The only intact burial of an Egyptian king ever found is that of King Tutankhamun.
唯一完整地埋葬埃及国王的是图坦卡蒙国王.
His tomb, in the Valley of the Kings in Egypt, was built underground, rather than inside a pyramid.
他的墓葬位于埃及国王之谷地上,是建于地下,而不是一座金字塔内.
Because it was found intact, it has helped archaeologists to learn a great deal about the culture of ancient Egypt.
由于它被发现完好无损,帮助考古学家大量地了解了古埃及的文化.
Archaeologist Howard Carter (left) examines the coffin of King Tutankhamun, which he discovered in 1922.
考古学家霍华德·卡特(左)检查了图坦卡蒙国王的棺材,他于1922年发现了这个棺材.
was worshipped as a god.
被崇拜为神。
The Aztecs, another Central American culture, built the Great Pyramid Temple, most likely in the 1300s, in their capital city of Tenochtitlán, on an island in Lake Texcoco in southcentral Mexico.
阿兹特克人是另一种中美洲文化,他们在墨西哥中南部特克斯科克湖的一个岛屿上建造了大金字塔寺,最有可能是在1300年代,位于他们的首都特诺克蒂特兰.
The Aztecs believed that the Sun god needed blood from human hearts to stay strong.
阿兹特克人认为太阳神需要从人心出血来保持坚固.
Without human blood, the Sun would die and the world would come to an end.
没有人类的血,太阳会死,世界会终结.
Human sacrifices of prisoners taken in war were a regular part of Aztec life, and these sacrifices took place at the Great Pyramid Temple.
在战争中被俘虏的人类牺牲是阿兹特克生活的常态,这些牺牲发生在大金字塔寺.
Chichén Itzá, the most famous Mayan pyramid Pyramids in Other Lands Pyramids were also built in the Americas.
Chichén Itzá),是其他地平线上最出名的玛雅金字塔金字塔,也建于美洲.
They were first built in Central America and in northwestern South America, but soon the practice of building pyramids spread to North America as well.
它们最初建于中美洲和南美洲西北部,但很快建造金字塔的做法也蔓延到北美.
Several of the New World cultures that built pyramids are mentioned below.
建造了金字塔的几个"新世界"文化在下文被提及.
The Mayan people and other cultures in Central America built stepped pyramids.
中美洲的玛雅人和其他文化建造了阶地金字塔.
These pyramids had stairways decorated with sculptures and inscriptions that led to temples at the top.
这些金字塔有阶梯装饰有雕塑和铭文,导致上方有神庙.
Sometimes, but not always, these pyramids contained the tombs of kings.
有时候,但并不总是,这些金字塔中包含有国王的坟墓.
One of the most famous Mayan pyramids is Chichén Itzá.
最出名的玛雅金字塔之一是Chichén Itzá.
Rebuilt over an earlier pyramid, the current one was built just before ad 1100.
在更早的金字塔上重建, 水流在1100号广告前就建成了。
Conclusion Efforts are being made to preserve and protect the pyramids of ancient Egypt, as well as pyramids in other parts of the world.
结论 正在努力维护和保护古埃及的金字塔以及世界其他地区的金字塔.
Pollution, urban expansion, tourism, and other problems threaten the pyramids at Giza.
污染、城市扩张、旅游和其他问题威胁到了吉萨的金字塔。
The Great Pyramid of Khufu at Giza is the only one of the famous “Seven Wonders of the Ancient World” that still stands.
Giza的Khufu大金字塔是著名的“古代世界的七大奇迹”中唯一仍然存在的。
Camel rides were outlawed at Giza in 1998 so that visitors could view the famous site with fewer distractions.
1998年吉萨禁止了骆驼骑行,使游客能够以较少的分心观看名站.
All of the pyramids and tombs are wonders worthy of preservation.
所有的金字塔和墓穴都是值得保存的奇观.
By studying pyramids, we learn about complex and fascinating ancient cultures and the accomplishments of humans who lived during those times.
通过研究金字塔,我们了解了复杂而迷人的古代文化以及那些时期所生活的人类的成就.
We also learn how ancient cultures honored their leaders and worshipped their gods.
我们还了解古代文化如何尊敬他们的领袖并崇拜他们的神。
Cultures in northwestern South America also built flat-topped, stepped pyramids.
南美洲西北部的文化也建造了平地起伏的金字塔。
The Moche people, who flourished between 100 bc and ad 800, built the Pyramid of the Sun and the Pyramid of the Moon.
在100bc至ad800之间兴起的摩克人建造了"太阳活佛"和"月球活佛".
About 600 to 700 years later, the Inca people built pyramids.
大约600-700年后,印加人建造了金字塔.
The Temple of the Sun was the most sacred shrine in the Incan empire.
太阳神庙是印加帝国最神圣的神庙.
It contained a huge gold disk that symbolized the Sun god.
它包含了一个巨大的金盘来象征太阳神.
The Incas believed that their rulers were direct descendants of the Sun.
印加人认为他们的统治者是太阳的直接后代.
The pyramid shape has been used in building designs in other cultures around the world.
金字塔外形已被用于世界各地其他文化的建筑设计.
Pyramid designs can be found in parts of Europe, Asia, and the Middle East.
金字塔设计可以在欧洲,亚洲和中东等地的部分地区找到.
The pyramid shape is used in modern architecture in many countries, including France, England, and the United States.
金字塔外形被许多国家,包括法国,英国和美国等现代建筑所使用.
A modern pyramid was built in Egypt to honor President Anwar Sadat, who was assassinated in 1981.
埃及建造了一座现代金字塔来纪念1981年被暗杀的安瓦尔·萨达特总统.
Explore More 1 In the address window, type: www.
探索更多 1个 在地址窗口中,类型:www.
google.
Google (英语).
com 2 Then type: pyramids.
连线 2后为类型:金字塔.
Click on “Google Search.”
单击“谷歌搜索”。 “
looks interesting.
看起来很有趣。
the page with the links that Google found.
带有谷歌找到的链接的页面。
Giza, Egypt, Nile River, hieroglyphics, or Great Pyramid Temple.
埃及吉萨,尼罗河,象形文字,或大金字塔寺.