Polynesia
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Voyage of the.
目录 挥之去也.
4 Across the Great Ocean.
4横跨大海洋.
6 Traditional Polynesian Culture.
6 波利尼西亚传统文化。
9 Polynesia in Modern Times.
9 《现代时报》中的波利尼西亚。
12 Celebrating Polynesian Heritage.
12 庆祝波利尼西亚遗产。
15 Glossary.
15 词汇。
16 Voyage of the Hōkūle̒a The culture of Polynesia was fading by the early 1970s.
16个村落 到1970年代初,波利尼西亚的文化正在消退。
The modern world had largely pushed aside the long-held beliefs and practices of these Pacific Islanders.
现代世界基本上抛弃了这些太平洋岛民的长期信仰和做法。
Other countries had taken over most of their lands.
其他国家接管了大部分土地。
Children were forgetting the languages and history of their elders.
儿童忘记了长辈的语言和历史。
Engines had replaced sails on their boats.
引擎取代了船上的帆
Modern entertainment was taking the place of traditional songs, dances, and other customs.
现代娱乐正在取而代之的是传统歌曲,舞蹈等习俗.
In 1973, though, a group of Polynesians began building a large ship in Hawaii.
然而在1973年,一群波利尼西亚人开始在夏威夷建造一艘船.
It was named Hōkūle̒a (hoh-koo-LEH-ah), the Hawaiian name for a bright star that passes over those islands.
它被命名为"Hōkūle̒a" (hoh-koo-LEH-ah),是夏威夷为穿过这些岛屿的一颗明亮恒星取名.
The finished ship was a 19-meter (62 ft.)
成品船为19米(62英尺).
canoe with two hulls.
有两道船体的独木舟.
It was built to be as close as possible in design to the Polynesian ships of long ago.
它的建造是为了在设计上尽可能接近远前的波利尼西亚舰只.
Such ships had carried Polynesians to settle islands all across the Pacific Ocean.
这些船只载有 波利尼西亚人定居整个太平洋的岛屿。
However, none had been built in hundreds of years.
然而,几百年来没有建造任何设施。
The H ¯o k ¯u l e ‘ a, a modern replica of an ancient Polynesian ship, sails off the coast of Hawaii.
古代波利尼西亚船只的现代复制品 " H'o k'u l e ' a " 在夏威夷近海航行。
The canoe’s creators wanted to study how Polynesian sailors found their way across huge distances with no land in sight.
这只独木舟的创造者想研究波利尼西亚水手如何在无地可望的情况下,
They asked Mau Piailug (pee-EYE-loog) from the Caroline Islands to help them.
他们要求来自卡罗琳群岛的Mau Piailug (pee-EYE-loog)帮助他们.
Piailug was one of the few people who still knew the old ways of navigation.
皮亚卢格是少数仍然知道旧通航方式的人之一.
He was an expert at using the stars, clouds, wave patterns, and other clues to keep a boat on course.
他是利用星相,云相,波浪图案,以及其他线索保持一艘船航向的专家.
On May 1, 1976, Hōkūle̒a set out on a 4,345-kilometer (2,700 mi.)
1976年5月1日,H'kūle̒a出动了4,345公里(2,700米.
voyage from Hawaii to Tahiti.
从夏威夷去大溪地
It carried no engines or other modern equipment.
它没有搭载引擎或其他现代设备。
The voyage was a success.
航行成功.
The canoe and crew arrived in Tahiti’s Papeete (pah-peh- EH-teh) Harbor about a month later.
独木舟和船员大约一个月后抵达了塔希提的帕皮特(pah-peh-EH-teh)港.
More than seventeen thousand people were waiting to cheer them into port.
超过一万七千人等着迎接他们进港.
The first voyage of the Hōkūle̒a was more than a stunt.
霍克莱亚号的首次出航不仅仅是个特技
It proved that Polynesian explorers of an earlier time could actually do what the legends taught.
它证明了早期的波利尼西亚探险家们实际上可以按照传说的教义行事.
It also served as a symbol, helping to reawaken Polynesians’ pride in their remarkable achievements.
它也是一个象征,帮助重新唤起波利尼西亚人对其显著成就的自豪感。
Mau Piailug was honored in a ceremony in 2006 for his work teaching the old ways of navigation to a new generation of Polynesian sailors.
2006年,Mau Piailug在一次仪式上因他为新一代波利尼西亚水手讲授旧航道而获得荣誉.
Across the Great Ocean The people of Polynesia have much to be proud of.
横跨大海洋 波利尼西亚人民有许多值得骄傲的事。
Their ancestors made one of the greatest explorations in human history.
他们的祖先创造了人类历史上最伟大的探索之一.
From about 1500 bce to 1400 ce, Polynesians explored millions of square miles of the Pacific Ocean.
从大约1500 bce到1400 ce,波利尼西亚人探索了数百万平方英里的太平洋.
They settled island after island across a huge area.
他们一连串地定居在横跨大面积的岛屿上.
For a long time, though, they did not get the credit they deserved.
然而,长期以来,他们没有得到应得的信用。
Many people did not believe that ancient Polynesians with basic technology had the knowledge to make such voyages.
许多人并不认为具有基本技术的古老波利尼西亚人有这种航行的知识.
A British sailor visiting the Hawaiian Islands in 1784 made this sketch showing Polynesian men rowing a traditional double-hulled canoe.
1784年访问夏威夷群岛的一名英国水手绘制了这幅草图,显示波利尼西亚男子划出一款传统的双壳独木舟.
Polynesians left behind stories but no written records of their achievements.
波利尼西亚人留下了故事,但没有关于其成就的书面记录。
Researchers had to use other ways to piece together their history.
研究人员不得不用其他方法来拼凑他们的历史.
Archaeologists studied pottery and other ancient artifacts to find links between distant groups.
考古学家研究了陶器等古代文物,以发现相距遥远的群体之间的联系.
Experts compared the languages of people from different islands for clues about who came from where.
专家比较了来自不同岛屿的人的语言,以了解来自何处的线索.
Recently, researchers have turned to DNA testing, studying the genes in people’s cells.
最近,研究人员转向DNA测试,研究人们细胞中的基因.
Genes offer important clues about where people’s ancestors came from and have helped unlock the history of the Polynesians.
Genes为人们的祖先提供了重要线索,
Taken together, these clues show that the Polynesians first came from Southeast Asia.
综合起来,这些线索表明波利尼西亚人最早来自东南亚.
They settled for a while in what are now Taiwan and the Philippines.
他们暂时定居在现在的台湾和菲律宾。
These are both major island groups off the coast of mainland China.
它们是中国大陆沿海两大岛群.
Starting around 3000 bce, Polynesian explorers began sailing to the southeast.
从3000bce左右开始,波利尼西亚探险家开始向东南航行.
They often followed strings of islands called archipelagoes.
他们经常跟随被称为"群岛"的岛屿串起.
They reached Fiji and Samoa about three thousand years ago.
他们大约在三千年前到达斐济和萨摩亚。
Do You Know?
你知道吗?
As with many other cultures throughout history, some Polynesians used tools and ink to permanently mark their skin with tattoos.
与历史上许多其他文化一样,一些波利尼西亚人使用工具和墨水来用纹身永久地标出自己的皮肤.
British ship captain James Cook brought the word tattoo back to England to describe the practice after visiting Tahiti and New Zealand in 1769.
英国舰长詹姆斯·库克(James Cook)在1769年访问塔希提和新西兰后将"纹身"一词带回了英国来,以描述这一做法.
How Polynesians Spread Across the Pacific About 1,100 years ago, Polynesian exploration took a big leap into the unknown.
波利尼西亚人如何在大约1100年前 横跨太平洋 波利尼西亚人的探索大跃进
In two main time periods, Polynesians sailed into huge areas of ocean no human had yet visited.
在两个主要时期,波利尼西亚人驶入人类尚未访问过的巨大海洋地区。
First they settled Tahiti and its surrounding islands between 1025 and 1120.
首先,他们在1025至1120年间将塔希提岛及其周边岛屿定居.
Then, from 1200 to 1400, their voyager canoes spread out in many directions.
随后从1200年到1400年,他们的航海家克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克
They settled islands as scattered as Hawaii, Rapa Nui (Easter Island), and New Zealand.
他们定居的岛屿分布如夏威夷,拉帕努伊(复活节岛)和新西兰等.
These points mark the three corners of what is known as the Polynesian Triangle.
这些点标志着被称作"波利尼西亚三角"的三个角.
PACIFIC OCEAN Australia Japan Taiwan 2500 bce Philippines 1500 bce Mexico United States Rapa Nui (Easter Island) 1200 ce Hawaii 1200 ce Marquesas Islands 1100 ce Melanesian Islands 1300 bce Samoa 800 bce Tonga 900 bce Tahiti 1025 ce Cook Islands 1025 ce Polynesian Triangle Fiji 900 bce New Zealand 1400 ce The ancestors of the Polynesians spread south and east from Taiwan and the Philippines over thousands of years.
太平洋 澳大利亚 台湾 2500 bce 菲律宾 1500 bce 墨西哥 美国 拉帕努伊 (东岛) 1200 ce 夏威夷 1200 ce 马克萨斯群岛 1100 ce 美拉尼西亚群岛 1300 bce 萨摩亚 800 bce 汤加 900 bce 大溪地 1025 ce 库克群岛 1025 ce 波利尼西亚三角 斐济 900 bce 新西兰 1400 ce 波利尼西亚人的祖先从台湾和菲律宾向南和向东传播了数千年.
Traditional Polynesian Culture Hawaii, New Zealand, Samoa, Tonga, Tahiti, and other Pacific Islands are all considered part of Polynesia.
传统的波利尼西亚文化夏威夷,新西兰,萨摩亚,汤加,大溪地等太平洋岛屿都被认为是波利尼西亚的一部分.
They are branches of the same cultural tree.
它们是同种文化树的分支.
As Polynesian groups split and spread out, they carried their culture with them.
随着波利尼西亚人群体的分裂和分散,他们随身带着他们的文化.
Some of these connections lasted, though the communities on each island also grew and changed in their own ways.
其中一些联系持续了下来,尽管每个岛上的社区也以自己的方式成长和改变。
Polynesians brought their religious beliefs with them as they settled new islands.
波利尼西亚人在定居新岛屿时带来了他们的宗教信仰。
One belief was the idea of mana, which means “spirit” or “life force.”
一种信念是mana的概念,意思是“精神”或“生命力”。 “
Mana can be good or bad; Polynesians believe all living things possess this sacred energy.
马娜可以是好是坏;波利尼西亚人相信所有活物都拥有这种神圣的能量.
Polynesian religions also feature many gods.
波利尼西亚的宗教也具有许多神祇的特点.
Stories about how Earth and its creatures were formed are similar from one corner of the Polynesian Triangle to another.
关于地球及其生物是如何形成的的故事,从波利尼西亚三角一角到另一角是相似的。
The Maori of New Zealand, for example, believe in Rangi (Father Sky) and Papa (Mother Earth).
例如,新西兰的毛利人信仰Rangi(父亲天空)和Papa(母亲地球)。
Among the Hawaiians, these gods are named Ao and Po.
在夏威夷人中,这些神被命名为"相和"(Ao and Po).
A Polynesian man gives another a traditional tattoo on the island of Savai'i in Independent Samoa.
一名波利尼西亚人又在萨摩亚独立岛的萨瓦伊岛上给人一个传统的纹身.
Maui is another character who appears often in Polynesian myths.
Maui是另一个经常出现在波利尼西亚神话中的人物.
He is a half-god, half-human hero.
他是个半神半人英雄
Full of mischief, courage, and cunning, Maui gave his name to one of Hawaii’s main islands.
Maui充满了恶作剧、勇气和狡猾,
Polynesian culture spread in other ways as well, including foods.
波利尼西亚文化也以其他方式传播,包括食品。
Voyagers loaded their long, wide canoes with plants and animals to start gardens and farms.
流浪者将长而宽的独木舟装入了植物和动物来开园和农场.
This cargo included dogs, chickens, and pigs.
这些货物包括狗、鸡和猪。
Breadfruit, taro, and bananas were among the crops Polynesian settlers grew wherever they settled.
面包果、芋头和香蕉是波利尼西亚定居者在他们定居的地方种植的作物之一。
They were also experts at fishing and other ways of using the sea to meet their needs.
他们也是捕鱼和其他利用海洋来满足需要的专家。
Not surprisingly, one word is shared across much of Polynesia— moana, or “ocean.”
毫不奇怪,波利尼西亚大部分地区——莫阿纳或“海洋”都有一个词。 “
Giants of Easter Island Rapa Nui is Polynesia’s easternmost island.
复活节岛的巨人拉帕努伊是波利尼西亚最东端的岛屿.
Archaeologists have found clues that it was first settled more than a thousand years ago.
考古学家已经找到线索,认为它最早定居于一千多年前.
This remote bit of land is most famous for its moai.
这片地势偏僻的地段最出名
These giant statues, carved from volcanic stone, stand up to 10 meters (33 ft.)
这些由火山石雕刻而成的巨型雕像起立至10米(33英尺).
tall and weigh up to 75 metric tons (83 tn.)
高可达75公吨(83吨)
No one is sure why the islanders put so much time and energy into raising these massive monuments.
没有人知道为什么岛上居民花这么多时间和精力 来树立这些巨大的纪念碑。
Evidence suggests they may have been a way for families to honor their chiefs or ancestors.
证据表明,他们可能是家庭尊重其酋长或祖先的一种方式。
A moai stands tall on Rapa Nui (Easter Island).
拉帕努伊岛(复活节岛)有一座摩艾高地.
Separated by so much distance, though, different Polynesian groups developed in their own special ways.
然而,由于距离太远,不同的波利尼西亚群体以自己的特殊方式发展。
New Zealand’s two large islands became the home of the Maori.
新西兰的两个大岛屿成为毛利人的家园。
These people were known to be fierce warriors.
这些人被称为凶猛的战士.
They built fortresses of earth and stone called pa.
他们建造了地堡和石头,称为"爸爸".
Their foot-stomping dance, the haka, has become a proud symbol for all New Zealanders.
他们的脚踏舞"哈卡"成为了所有新西兰人的骄傲象征.
Polynesians changed depending on where they settled.
波利尼西亚人的变化取决于他们定居在何处。
They raised houses, villages, and forts where wood was in good supply.
他们饲养了房屋,村庄,以及木材供应良好的要塞.
In tropical climates warmer than New Zealand’s, they found new ways to dress and build.
在比新西兰暖和的热带气候中,他们找到了穿戴和建造的新方法.
Still other Polynesians developed their own legends and cultural practices—like hula, the storytelling dance style created by Hawaiians.
其他波利尼西亚人也发展出自己的传说和文化习俗,如夏威夷人创造的讲故事的舞蹈风格呼拉.
Members of the Maori tribe of New Zealand participate in a festival marking the new year.
新西兰毛利人部落成员参加纪念新年的节日。
Polynesia in Modern Times For centuries, Polynesians had much of the Pacific to themselves.
现代时报的波利尼西亚 几个世纪以来,波利尼西亚人拥有太平洋的大部分土地。
More than five hundred years ago, though, European ships began reaching their islands.
但五百多年前,欧洲船只开始到达它们的岛屿.
Their arrival changed Polynesian culture forever.
他们的到来永远改变了波利尼西亚文化.
European powers seized some Polynesian lands.
欧洲列强夺取了部分波利尼西亚地.
For example, New Zealand was claimed by the British in 1788.
例如,新西兰在1788年被英国人宣称为美国.
Ships from Peru captured people on Rapa Nui and made them slaves.
来自 秘鲁在拉帕努伊上俘虏了人并使他们成为奴隶.
Tahiti was taken over by France in 1880.
大溪地于1880年被法国接管.
Like many native peoples, Polynesians could not keep Europeans out of their territory.
同许多土著人民一样,波利尼西亚人不能不让欧洲人离开其领土。
Their wood and stone weapons could not defend against steel and gunpowder.
他们的木材和石头武器无法抵御钢和火药.
Even more deadly were new illnesses brought by Europeans for which Polynesians had no resistance or cure.
更致命的是欧洲人带来的新疾病,波利尼西亚人对此没有抵抗或治疗能力。
Native Hawaiians were nearly wiped out by disease starting in the late 1700s.
从1700年代后期开始,夏威夷原住民几乎被疾病所消灭.
Their islands, though, remained under their own control until 1893.
不过,他们的岛屿一直由自己控制,直到1893年.
Their queen, Liliuokalani, was then overthrown by the United States.
他们的后人莉莉乌奥卡拉尼被美国推翻.
Hawaii remained a U.
夏威夷还是一个U。
S.
师曰.
territory until 1959, when it became the country’s fiftieth state.
1959年成为第50个州。
Today, native Hawaiians make up about 10 percent of the state’s population.
今天,夏威夷原住民约占全州人口的10%。
All around the Pacific, Polynesians became second-class citizens on their own islands.
在太平洋各地,波利尼西亚人在自己的岛屿上成为了二等公民.
Outsiders took their lands and pushed aside their traditions.
外人取出地来推开传统.
In some instances, language, traditional religion, and other cultural practices were banned.
在某些情况下,语言、传统宗教和其他文化习俗被禁止。
Since the 1960s, however, respect for Polynesian culture has grown.
然而,自1960年代以来,对波利尼西亚文化的尊重已经增加。
Many Polynesian islands have become popular with tourists because of their natural beauty and cultural traditions.
许多波利尼西亚岛屿因其自然美貌和文化传统而受游客欢迎.
From wood carving to dancing to surfing to fashion, Polynesian culture is now recognized and celebrated around the world.
从木雕到跳舞再到冲浪再到时尚,波利尼西亚文化现在在世界各地被认可并被庆祝.
People with Polynesian ancestry have also made their mark on the world.
有波利尼西亚血统的人也在世界上留下了印记.
Examples include Hawaii’s Daniel Akaka, the first U.
例如夏威夷的丹尼尔·阿卡克,第一个U.
S.
师曰.
senator of native Hawaiian ancestry.
夏威夷原住民祖先的参议员.
There are also wrestler and actor Dwayne “The Rock” Johnson (Samoan) and football star Mike Iupati (Samoan).
还有摔跤手和演员德韦恩·"摇滚"·约翰逊(萨摩亚)和足球明星迈克·尤帕蒂(萨摩亚).
Actress Auli‘i Cravalho (Hawaiian) voices the title character in the movie Moana.
演员Auli'i Cravalho (Hawaiian)在电影"莫阿娜"(Moana)中发出标题角色的声音.
Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson Auli'i Cravalho Mike Iupati Major Polynesian Lands Today Country New Zealand (Aotearoa) Fiji Hawaii Samoa Tahiti Tonga Population about 4,612,000; about 600,000 Maori about 903,500; about 451,000 native Fijians about 1,454,000; about 300,000 native Hawaiians 195,418; about 181,000 native Samoans 288,750; about 192,000 native Tahitians 107,667; about 105,500 native Tongans Profile The Maori are the Polynesians of New Zealand.
德韦恩"摇滚"约翰逊·奥利·克拉瓦略 Mike Iupati 波利尼西亚大片地 斐济 夏威夷 萨摩亚塔希提汤加人口约4 612 000;约600 000 毛利人约903,500人;斐济土著约451,000人;夏威夷土著约300,000人;萨摩亚土著约181,000人;塔希特土著约192,000人;汤加土著约105,500人。
Today, they make up about 14 percent of the population.
今天,他们约占人口的14%。
Their culture is visible and celebrated around the country.
他们的文化在全国各地都可见并被颂扬.
Fiji is a group of more than three hundred islands.
斐济由300多个岛屿组成。
Its native peoples are a mix of Polynesian and Melanesian, a different ethnic group that includes the people of Papua New Guinea.
其原住民由波利尼西亚人和美拉尼西亚人混合而来,是包括巴布亚新几内亚人民在内的不同族群.
Hawaii, the fiftieth U.
夏威夷,第50个U.
S.
师曰.
state, honors its Polynesian past in many ways.
以多种方式纪念波利尼西亚人的过去
The number of people with Hawaiian ancestry is increasing.
有夏威夷血统的人越来越多.
Samoa was ruled by New Zealand from 1914 to 1962 before gaining independence.
萨摩亚在获得独立前于1914年至1962年由新西兰统治.
Nearby American Samoa is a U.
相邻的美属萨摩亚是一个U.
S.
师曰.
territory.
领土。
Tahiti is part of the Society Islands group and French Polynesia.
塔希提岛是社会群岛集团和法属波利尼西亚的一部分.
It remains a territory of France.
它仍然是法国的领土。
Tongans are a mix of Polynesian and Melanesian peoples.
汤加人由波利尼西亚人和美拉尼西亚人组成。
People live on 36 of its 169 islands, most on the main island of Tongatapu.
人民生活在其169个岛屿中的36个上,大部分位于汤加塔普岛的主岛.
Celebrating Polynesian Heritage Today, Polynesian peoples are proudly taking back their heritage.
波利尼西亚人民今天庆祝波利尼西亚遗产,自豪地收回了他们的遗产。
Their young people are again learning old traditions, arts, and other parts of their culture.
他们的年轻人再次学习了旧的传统、艺术和文化的其他部分。
For example, the number of Maori language speakers in New Zealand is rising.
例如,新西兰讲毛利语的人数正在增加。
Polynesians from Hawaii to Rapa Nui are being recognized for the brave and resourceful explorers they have always been.
从夏威夷到拉帕的波利尼西亚人 努伊一直以来都是勇敢而有才华的探险家,因此被认可.
The Hōkūle̒a still voyages throughout the Pacific as well.
赫克莱亚号仍然在太平洋航行
Everywhere this canoe travels, it carries the renewed spirit of the adventurous, seafaring legacy of Polynesian peoples.
这条小舟无论在什么地方行走,都背负着波利尼西亚人民充满冒险和航海精神的新精神。
Schoolchildren in New Zealand say goodbye to each other with a hongi (HONG-ee).
新西兰的在校生们用一个Hong-ee(Hong-ee)互相告别.
The hongi is a traditional Maori gesture made by pressing noses and foreheads together at the same time.
Honggi是毛利人的一种传统姿态,同时将鼻子和额头挤在一起。