of Ancient Greece
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Introduction.
导言表。
4 Centaurs.
4人马座.
5 Sirens.
5个警报器
7 Medusa.
7 美杜莎语.
9 The Minotaur.
9 弥诺陶洛斯.
11 Typhon.
11 堤丰。
13 Conclusion.
13 结论。
15 Glossary.
15 词汇。
16 Crete Athens Greece MEDITERRANEAN SEA AEGEAN SEA EUROPE AFRICA Ancient Greece around 750 bce ASIA MINOR Delphi Troy Mycenae Sparta Macedonia Introduction People in many cultures have myths.
16 克里特-雅典 希腊 地中海 东南亚 欧洲 古希腊 750 bce ASIA Minior Delphi Troy Mycenae Sparta Macedonia 介绍 许多文化中的人都有神话.
Myths are stories that explain important ideas, such as good and evil, in ways people can understand.
神话是用人们能够理解的方式解释诸如善恶等重要思想的故事.
A myth can take many forms—a lesson, an explanation of a historical event or natural phenomenon, or even a warning.
一个神话可以采取多种形式——一个教训,一个历史事件或自然现象的解释,甚至一个警告.
In ancient Greece, myths were an important part of religion.
在古希腊,神话是宗教的重要组成部分.
They weren’t told as entertainment.
他们并非娱乐。
Rather, stories about gods and goddesses had deep meanings that Greek people used as guidelines for their lives.
相反,关于神和女神的故事有着希腊人用来指导其生活的深刻意义。
While gods, goddesses, heroes, and villains are the stars of Greek myths, fantastic creatures often play a central role as well.
虽然神,女神,英雄,和反派都是希腊神话中的明星,而奇妙的生物也常常扮演中心角色.
Heracles (HAIR-uh-kleez), a Greek hero, greets Cerberus, the two- or three-headed guardian dog of the underworld on this vase from the fifth century bce.
赫拉克勒斯(希臘語:Hρezρez,希臘語:Hρezρezρezρezρez,希臘語:HAIR-uh-kleez),希腊英雄,向克勒斯(Cerberus)致意,克勒斯是五世纪起这个花瓶上由两头或三头的冥界守护犬.
On this vase, the goddess Athena helps Heracles attack the Hydra, a monster composed of many snakes.
在这个花瓶上,女神雅典娜帮助 赫拉克勒斯会攻击由多条蛇所组成的怪物"海德拉".
Centaurs Centaurs had the head and chest of a human and the body of a horse.
半人马座拥有人类的头和胸以及一匹马的身体.
These violent creatures’ animal side dominated their human side.
这些暴力生物的动物方面支配着人类方面。
Centaurs used giant stones and wooden sticks found in nature as weapons against the Greeks’ metal shields, spears, and swords.
半人马将大自然所发现的巨石和木棍用作武器来对抗希腊人的金属盾牌、长矛和剑。
To the Greeks, the untamed Centaurs represented the direct opposite of their own culture.
对希腊人来说,未被驯服的"半人马"代表着他们自己的文化的正相反.
Centaurs were animal-like and were driven by their emotions, while the Greeks considered themselves to be civilized and driven by reason.
半人马像动物,被他们的情绪所驱使,而希腊人则认为自己是文明的并被理性所驱使.
The story of the Centaurs began with a Greek king named Ixion.
"半人马"的故事从一位名叫"伊克西翁"的希腊国王开始.
Zeus had allowed Ixion to live among the gods and goddesses on Mount Olympus.
宙斯曾允许伊克西翁活在奥林匹斯山上的神和女神中.
Zeus heard a rumor that Ixion had fallen in love with Hera, Zeus’s wife.
宙斯听到有传言说伊克西翁爱上了宙斯的妻子赫拉.
As a test for Ixion, Zeus created a cloud that looked exactly like Hera.
作为对伊克西翁的考验,宙斯创造了一朵看起来完全像赫拉的云.
Ixion indeed fell in love with the cloud, thinking it was Hera.
伊克西翁确实爱上了云,以为是赫拉.
The cloud gave birth to the first Centaur, and angry Zeus punished Ixion by forcing him to rotate around and around on a blazing wheel forever.
云生出第一部"半人马",愤怒的宙斯惩罚了伊克西翁,强迫他永远地在一发火的轮子上左右旋转.
Pictures of battle scenes showing Greeks fighting Centaurs were commonplace in ancient Greece on everything from drinking cups to stone temples.
在古希腊,从饮用杯子到石庙,希腊人与人马战斗的战斗场景是司空见惯的。
The Greeks rarely showed current events in their art.
希腊人很少在艺术中展现出时事.
Rather, they used pictures of myths to express how they felt about what was happening in the world around them.
相反,他们用神话中的照片来表达他们对周围世界所发生事情的感受。
For example, the Greeks connected one of their greatest enemies, the Persians, with the wild nature of the Centaurs.
例如希腊人将自己最伟大的敌人之一波斯人与"人马座"的野生性质相接.
They portrayed great battles with Greeks fighting the Centaurs to show their superiority over the Persians.
他们描绘出与希腊人与"半人马"战斗的伟大战役,以显示他们对波斯人的优越性.
Centaurs are often shown winning against Greeks in battle, as in this sculpture from the Parthenon, a fifth-century bce temple in Athens.
半人马经常被展示出在战斗中战胜希腊人,如从帕台农神庙(Pathenon)出土的这个雕塑中,是雅典的一座五世纪的乙ce神庙.
Do You Know?
你知道吗?
Honoring the relationship between a guest and his or her host was an important part of ancient Greek culture.
尊崇来宾与主持人的关系是古希腊文化的重要组成部分.
The myth about Ixion and the first Centaur shows the importance of this relationship through Ixion's disrespect of Zeus, his host.
关于伊克西翁和第一个"半人马"的神话通过伊克西翁对宿主宙斯的不尊重来展现出这种关系的重要性.
Zeus's punishment was a lesson about the consequences of breaking this accepted custom.
宙斯的惩罚是对打破这种被接受的习俗的后果的教训.
Sirens Like Centaurs, Sirens were hybrid creatures.
警报像半人马,警报器是杂交生物。
Sirens were women with the wings, legs, and bodies of birds.
警报器是女人 有翅膀、腿和鸟类的尸体
They represented the importance of self-control.
它们代表了自我控制的重要性。
They lived on an island in the middle of the sea, where they sang beautiful songs to lure sailors.
他们住在海中的一个岛上,在那里唱出美丽的歌曲来引诱水手.
The sailors would lose control of their ships and crash onto the island’s rocky shores.
水手将失去对舰只的控制,
According to myth, the Sirens had once been human maids to the goddess Persephone (pur-SE-fuh-nee).
根据神话,西伦人曾是珀耳塞福涅女神(pur-SE-fuh-nee)的人类女仆.
Hades, god of the underworld, abducted Persephone to make her his wife.
哈迪斯,冥界之神,绑架了珀耳塞福涅,使她成为他的妻子.
Their wings helped the Sirens search for Persephone.
他们的翅膀帮助了西伦人寻找珀耳塞福涅.
Unsuccessful in their search, they settled on the island.
在他们的搜寻中未能成功,他们定居于岛上.
The mythological Sirens are connected to the word siren, which is a device that gives off a loud warning sound.
神话中的"警笛"与"警笛"一词相接,"警笛"是一种发出响亮警告声音的装置.
They also inspired the meaning of a siren song— something so appealing that it makes you want it, even if it is dangerous.
他们也启发了警笛歌的意义——这种歌很吸引人,让你想要它,即使它很危险.
The Sirens killed many unsuspecting sailors, but a few sailors passed by them alive.
西伦斯号杀死了多位毫无怀疑的水手,但有几位水手活活地从他们身边经过.
The famous Greek musician Orpheus (OR-fee-uhss) played music so loud that it drowned out the Sirens’ song.
希腊著名音乐家Orpheus(OR-fee-uhss)所演奏的音乐声高,
The Greek king Odysseus, on his journey home from fighting in the Trojan War, instructed his sailors to tie him up tightly to the mast of his boat.
希腊国王奥德修斯从特洛伊战争中出战回国途中,指示他的水手将他紧紧地绑在船桅上.
His sailors plugged their own ears so that they wouldn’t be tempted to stop rowing.
他的水手们插上自己的耳朵,
The Greeks prided themselves on their restraint.
希腊人对自己克制感到骄傲。
Resisting the Sirens’ song represented the strength of will that ancient Greeks valued.
抵制Sirens的歌曲代表了古希腊人珍视的意志的力量.
This fifth-century bce Greek vase shows Odysseus tied to the mast of his ship so he could hear the Sirens' song.
这个五世纪的希腊花瓶 奥德修斯被绑在了船的桅杆上,这样他就能听到西伦斯的歌了.
and remain alive.
并保持活着。
Medusa While the Sirens were known for their beauty, Medusa was famous for her frightening appearance.
美杜莎语 虽然Sirens人以美貌出名,但美杜莎以可怕的外貌出名.
Greek artists usually showed the Gorgons—Medusa and her two sisters—with large, round heads and huge, staring eyes.
希腊艺术家通常向高冈人——梅杜莎和她的两个姐妹——展示大而圆的头和大而凝视的眼睛.
Snakes instead of hair grew out of their skulls.
蛇而非发由头骨出.
Pointed tusks, flared nostrils, and tongues sticking out of their mouths completed their features.
尖牙,发光的鼻孔, 和舌头插出嘴里 完成了它们的特征。
Although Medusa’s sisters were immortal, she was mortal.
虽然美杜莎的姐妹不朽,
This made her vulnerable to humans.
这使得她容易受到人类的伤害.
She had her own defense against attacks, though.
不过她有自己防御攻击的辩护
She could turn people to stone once they looked directly into her eyes.
她可以把人们变成石头 一旦他们直接看着她的眼睛。
The myth about Medusa began with an evil king who was in love with the mother of a boy named Perseus.
关于美杜莎的神话从一个邪恶的国王开始,他爱上了一个叫珀尔修斯的男孩的母亲.
To get Perseus out of his way, the king tricked Perseus into promising that he would bring anything the king wished.
为了让珀尔修斯脱离他的道路,国王欺骗了珀尔修斯,让他许诺会把国王所希望的一切带来.
The king sent Perseus to kill Medusa and return with her head—a deed the king thought would be impossible.
国王派珀耳修斯去杀美杜莎,然后带着她的头回来——国王认为不可能有这样的举动.
With the help of gods and goddesses, Perseus cut off Medusa’s head.
在神和女神的帮助下,珀尔修斯砍下美杜莎的头颅.
From her body, two creatures sprang forth.
从她的身体,两个生物涌出。
They were Chrysaor (kriss-AH-or), a giant whose name means “golden blade,” which could refer to grain, and Pegasus, a winged horse whose name refers to springs of water.
它们是Chrysaor (kriss-AH-or),这个巨人的名字是“金刀”,可以指谷物;而Pegasus是一匹翼马,它的名字指的是水泉。
Some people think the killing of Medusa symbolized the ending of a drought, and that Chrysaor and Pegasus represented the good things that came afterward— thriving crops and flowing water.
有些人认为美杜莎被杀死象征了一场干旱的结束,而克赖绍尔和佩加苏斯代表了后来出现的好东西——繁荣的作物和流出的水.
Wowser!
哗!
The ancient Greeks believed that the frightening faces of the Gorgons would protect them and ward off evil.
古希腊人认为高冈人可怕的面孔会保护他们并避免邪恶.
They put pictures of Gorgons everywhere, including on their shields.
他们把戈贡斯的照片放入了各地,包括他们的盾牌上.
The Minotaur The Minotaur was another hybrid creature.
弥诺陶洛斯是另一种杂交生物.
It had a bull’s head and a man’s body.
它有一个牛头和一个人的身体。
Its name came from Minos, the king of Crete, where the Minotaur lived, and taurus, the Greek name for a bull.
它的名字出自米诺陶尔人所居住的克里特人的国王米诺斯和一头公牛所取的希腊名陶鲁斯.
The monster was so destructive that it was kept in a twisted maze called the Labyrinth beneath the king’s palace.
怪兽的破坏力非常大,以至于被保存在被扭曲的迷宫中,称为国王宫下方的"迷宫".
After Athenian boys killed the king’s son, Minos sought revenge by attacking the city of Athens.
在雅典男孩杀死国王的儿子后,米诺斯通过攻击雅典城来寻求复仇.
To stop the attacks, the people of Athens agreed to send seven boys and seven girls every year (or every nine years—the myths differ) to the terrible Minotaur.
为了阻止袭击,雅典人民同意每年(或每九年——神话不同)向可怕的弥诺陶洛斯派遣七名男孩和七名女孩.
A brave Athenian boy named Theseus volunteered to be one of the victims.
一个名叫特修斯的勇敢的雅典男孩自愿成为受害者之一.
When Theseus arrived in Crete, he was put in a cage with the other victims.
特修斯到克列特后被与其他被害者一起关入笼子.
It was then that the princess of Crete, Ariadne (ah-ree-AHD-nee), saw Theseus and fell in love with him.
当时克里特公主阿里阿德涅(英语:Ah-ree-AHD-nee)见到了特修斯并爱上了他.
Ariadne didn’t want the Minotaur to kill Theseus.
Ariadne不希望弥诺陶洛斯杀死特修斯。
She asked the man who built the Labyrinth how Theseus could possibly escape.
她问建造"迷宫"的人,特修斯如何能够逃脱.
She was told that she should give Theseus a ball of yarn to tie to a door.
她被告知她应该给特修斯一球纱来绑住一扇门.
He was to unwind it as he made his way through the Labyrinth.
他通过迷宫时要解开它
She also gave Theseus a sword so he could kill the Minotaur.
她还给了特修斯一把剑,让他可以杀死弥诺陶洛斯.
After Theseus killed the Minotaur, he followed the trail of yarn back out of the maze.
在特修斯杀死了弥诺陶洛斯后,他追随了纱线从迷宫后退出.
The Minotaur myth was popular after the Greeks took over Crete.
米诺陶洛斯神话在希腊人占领克里特后流行.
Just as Centaurs often represented the Persians, bulls could stand for Crete.
就像半人马经常代表波斯人一样,公牛可以代表克来特.
Bulls were considered sacred to an important goddess in Crete.
公牛被认为是克勒特一位重要女神的神圣.
Theseus defeating the Minotaur could have symbolized the Greek conquest of Crete.
特修斯击败米诺陶斯人本可以象征希腊征服克里特.
Typhon The fierce Minotaur was tiny compared to the giant Typhon (TY-fon), a winged monster with one hundred heads that represented the destructive forces of weather.
台风 凶猛的弥诺陶洛斯与巨型打字机(Ty-fon)相比是微小的,它是一个有100个头的翼状怪物,代表了天气的破坏力.
Typhon had one human head and ninety-nine heads of other creatures, including lions, bulls, boars, snakes, and dragons.
Typhon有一个人头和99个其他生物的头,包括狮子,公牛,野猪,蛇,和龙.
Below the knees, his legs were giant snakes.
在膝下,他的腿是巨蛇.
Instead of fingers, fifty serpent heads coiled forth from each hand.
50个蛇头从一手接出
Fire flashed in his eyes, and flames whipped out of his mouth.
出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出入出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出
Only Zeus, the king of the gods, could match Typhon in battle.
只有众神之王宙斯在战斗中能与泰峰相配.
When Typhon threatened to take over the world, Zeus used thunder and lightning to combat Typhon’s fire and wind.
当泰丰威胁要攻取世界时,宙斯用雷电来对抗泰丰的火和风.
Their battle shook the whole world.
他们的战斗震撼了整个世界.
Zeus set all one hundred of Typhon’s heads on fire.
宙斯放出一百个泰弗恩的脑袋
He then imprisoned the monster beneath Earth.
然后他把怪物囚禁在地底下
The ancient Greeks blamed Typhon for stirring strong winds that spread across land and sea during great storms.
古希腊人责怪泰弗恩在大风暴期间激起的强烈风波横行于陆地和海洋.
They also blamed him for sending forth lava from volcanoes.
他们还指责他从火山中喷出熔岩。
People were comforted by the idea that Zeus could defeat the destructive natural forces that Typhon represented.
人们对宙斯能击败泰孚所代表破坏性自然力量的想法感到欣慰.
Conclusion Mythical creatures did not simply entertain or terrify the ancient Greeks.
神秘生物并不只是娱乐或恐吓古希腊人。
These creatures and the myths about them had deep meanings that helped people understand the world around them at the time and cope with challenges they faced.
这些生物和关于它们的神话有着深刻的意义,帮助人们了解他们当时周围的世界并应对他们所面临的挑战.
Mythical creatures played significant roles in ancient Greek culture, and they’re still popular today.
神话生物在古希腊文化中扮演了重要角色,
Children and adults remain fascinated by their amazing stories.
儿童和成年人仍然对自己的惊人故事着迷.
Mythical creatures of ancient Greece inspired some famous logos for major businesses, including Medusa's head for the fashion label Versace (vur-SAH-chee), Pegasus for Mobil Gas, and a Siren for Starbucks Coffee Company.
古希腊的神话生物激发出一些主要企业的出名标志,包括美杜莎为时尚标签"Versace"(vur-SAH-chee)取出头像,"Pegasus for Mobil Gas"取而代之,"Siren"取自"星巴克咖啡"公司.