Mysterious Caves
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents A New Underground World.
内容表 A 新地下世界.
4 What Are Caves?
4是洞穴吗?
7 Types of Caves.
7 类型入洞.
8 Inside Caves.
8个入洞.
12 Cave Inhabitants.
十二洞入住道场.
15 Famous Caves.
出名地15个洞.
20 Exploring Caves.
20 探索洞穴.
21 Conclusion.
21 结论。
23 Glossary.
23 词汇表。
24 A New Underground World In 2009, a team of British cave explorers traveled to Vietnam.
24 " 新地下世界 " 2009年,一队英国洞穴探险家前往越南.
Vietnam is a long, narrow country that borders a portion of the South China Sea.
越南是一个漫长而狭窄的国家,与南海的一部分接壤.
It has many beautiful bays, large rock formations, forests, and rivers.
它拥有许多美丽的海湾,大型岩层,森林和河流.
These cave explorers, or spelunkers (spee-LUNK-ers), had already visited several large caves in the area.
这些洞穴探险者,或者说斯佩克人(spee-LUNK-ers),已经参观了该地区的几个大洞穴.
But this time, they were exploring a cave that was brand new to science.
但是这次,他们正在探索一个对科学来说是全新的洞穴。
Only a local farmer, Ho Khanh, knew its location, and he had led them to the jungle-covered opening.
只有当地的农民何可汗知道其位置,他带领他们来到了被丛林覆盖的开口地.
They went in and walked for miles, into nothing but total darkness.
他们进去走了好几英里, 进入了完全的黑暗。
British cave explorers are dwarfed by a gigantic flowstone column deep inside a Vietnamese cave.
英国的洞穴探险家们 被巨大的流石柱所矮化 在越南的洞穴深处
Suddenly, they saw light.
突然,他们看见了光
A shaft of sunlight was cutting through the darkness ahead of them.
阳光照亮了他们面前的黑暗
As they moved closer, they could tell that part of the cave roof had collapsed long ago, leaving a hole that let in this patch of sunlight.
当他们走得更近时, 他们可以看到岩洞屋顶的 部分早已倒塌, 留下了一个洞,让阳光照耀。
The sunlight revealed the room’s amazing size.
阳光照亮了房间的惊人尺寸。
They soon realized that they stood in the biggest cave room known to exist.
他们很快意识到自己站在已知存在的最大的洞房中.
One single area of the room was over 90 meters (300 ft) wide, 180 meters (600 ft) high, and over 4 kilometers (2.
单间面积为90多米(300英尺)宽,180多米(600英尺)高,并有4多公里(2.
5 mi) long.
5米)长.
An entire city block of 40-story buildings could fit inside.
整个城市的40层楼的建筑可以装进去
A shaft of sunlight helps explorers ready to climb up the cave cliff called the Great Wall of Vietnam.
阳光可以帮助探险家们爬上 被称为"越南长城"的山崖
This cave, called Hang Son Doong, or Mountain River Cave, is enormous.
这个叫"杭子道"或"山河洞"的洞穴是巨大的.
Where the roof collapsed, letting in sunlight and rain, dense hidden jungles grow.
屋顶倒塌 阳光和雨下 茂密的隐蔽丛林不断生长
There is also a 60-meter (200-ft) cliff they named the “Great Wall of Vietnam.”
还有一座60米(200英尺)的悬崖被他们命名为“越南大墙”。 “
The cliff stopped the cavers at first.
起起起崖而止入洞者.
They returned with equipment to scale the cliff, and continued their journey into the interior.
他们带着装备返回以放大悬崖,并继续向内地出行.
This cave is the biggest yet found, but it may not be the biggest in the world.
这个洞穴是最大的,但可能不是世界上最大的
Adventurous explorers find new caves every year.
虔诚的探险家每年都会找到新的洞穴.
In this book, you will learn about caves.
在这本书中,你会学习洞穴。
You will read about how they form, the unusual formations and living things within them, and other caves that are just as wondrous as Hang Son Doong.
你会读到它们是如何形成的, 它们中不寻常的形态和活物, 其他的洞穴,就像杭子道一样奇妙.
The entrance to the massive Hang Son Doong cave was hidden by dense jungle.
大规模杭子道洞出入口被茂密的丛林所隐藏.
What Are Caves?
什么是洞穴吗?
A cave is any natural hollow space in the earth.
洞穴是地球上任何天然空心空间
Usually when people talk about a cave, they mean a space big enough for a person to go inside, and deep enough so sunlight never reaches part of it.
通常,当人们谈论一个洞穴, 他们的意思是,一个空间足够大 一个人可以进去, 足够深 所以阳光从来没有到达它的一部分。
Caves can occur in rock, in ice, and underwater.
洞穴可以发生在岩石,冰中和水下.
Caves are found all over the world.
洞出出世间.
We may think of all caves as being dark and barren.
我们可能认为所有的洞穴都是阴暗而贫瘠的.
But caves can be gorgeous, filled with amazing formations and unusual animals.
但洞穴可以华丽,充满出众的阵型和不寻常的动物.
Caves lure adventurous people who love the excitement and challenge of seeing a place no one has ever seen before.
洞穴会诱骗那些喜欢看到一个没人见过的地方的兴奋与挑战的冒险者.
We know that humans lived in caves as long as 30,000 years ago.
我们知道人类早在三万年前就生活在洞穴中.
Cave explorers want to see what’s inside.
洞穴探险家想看看里面有什么。
Types of Caves Caves can form in several ways.
洞穴的类型可以几种方式形成.
Nature uses basic tools such as rock, water, and heat to carve these chambers in the earth.
自然利用岩石,水和热等基本工具来在地上雕刻出这些室.
Karst Caves The ground is made of different types of rock.
卡斯特洞穴 地由不同种类的岩石所出.
Some types, such as limestone, can dissolve in water.
石灰岩等一些类型可以在水中溶解.
Water from the surface seeps through the soil or trickles through cracks in the ground.
从地表渗出出的水从土壤中渗出,或从地上裂口渗出.
If the water hits limestone underground, it slowly dissolves the rock, creating a hollow space.
如果水击中地下的石灰岩,会慢慢地溶解出岩石,形成空心空间.
Over millions of years, the water eats away at the rock and creates a karst cave.
数百万年来,水在岩石上吞噬并形成了喀斯特洞穴.
Montana’s Lewis and Clark Caverns contain some of the largest limestone formations in the United States.
蒙大拿州的Lewis和Clark Caverns中包含一些美国最大的石灰岩形成.
Primary Caves and Lava Tubes In karst caves, seeping water dissolves existing rock and eventually creates a hole.
主洞和岩浆管 在喀斯特洞穴中,渗出的水会溶解出已存在的岩石并最终会形成一个洞.
But in primary caves, the rock contained a hollow space from its beginning.
但在原始地洞中,岩石从一开始就包含了一个空地.
The rock was born with a cave-sized hole in it.
岩生而有洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出洞出.
Another type of rock cave forms when liquid magma or lava in volcanoes cools and turns solid.
火山中液体岩浆或熔岩冷却并变为固体时,会形成另一种岩洞.
In some volcanoes, liquid lava flows over the ground in a stream.
在一些火山中,液态熔岩会以溪流从地上流出.
The surface of the lava stream quickly cools and turns solid.
熔岩流的地表迅速冷却并变为固体.
But the lava underneath stays hot and liquid, and keeps flowing.
但地下的熔岩 保持热和液体, 并不停地流动。
The flowing hot lava creates long tunnels through the solid lava rock.
流淌的热熔岩会通过固体熔岩产生长长的地道.
These long tunnel caves are called lava tubes.
这些长隧道地洞被称作"熔岩管".
Molten lava spills into the sea from a lava tube at Kilauea, Hawaii.
熔岩从夏威夷克劳埃亚的熔岩管中溢出入海.
Erosional Caves and Sea Caves Moving water, such as rivers or ocean waves, can carry grains of sand.
侵蚀地洞和出海地洞会移动出河流或出海相浪等出水,可以携带砂粒.
Ever so slowly, these tough little grains grind away rock in a process called erosion.
这些坚硬的小颗粒 慢慢地磨碎了岩石 其过程叫做侵蚀
Erosion creates caves called erosional caves.
侵蚀会形成被称作侵蚀地洞的洞穴.
Erosional caves are different from karst caves in that water physically grinds away the rock.
侵蚀洞穴与喀斯特洞穴不同 水体磨去岩石。
In karst caves, water chemically dissolves the rock.
在喀斯特洞穴中,水被化学溶解出岩石.
A common kind of erosional cave is a sea cave.
一种常见的侵蚀地洞是海洞.
Sea caves form when ocean waves continually crash against cliffs, eventually digging out a hollow space.
海洞形成时,海浪不断撞上悬崖,最终挖出空心空间.
Sailors explore a vast sea cave on the island of Corfu, Greece.
航海家号在希腊科孚岛探索出一个广阔的海洞.
Caves don’t always form in rock.
洞穴并不总是形成于岩石上。
Glaciers are enormous moving masses of solid ice.
冰川是巨大的移动 大量固体冰。
At the top of a glacier, the Sun can melt some of the ice, which becomes a stream of warm water.
在冰川的顶部,太阳可以融化出一些冰块,而冰块会变成一串暖水.
The warm water flows down through cracks in the glacier toward the soil layer beneath.
温暖的水流通过冰川的裂缝 流向地底的土壤层
As it runs, the warmer water melts the ice around it, forming a glacier cave.
当它运行时,更温暖的水会融化周围的冰,形成冰川洞.
You can also find caves underwater.
也可以在水下找到洞穴.
Most underwater caves formed in the same way as caves on land, except the rock was under a lake or ocean.
大多数水下洞穴的形成方式与陆地上的洞穴相同,但岩石位于湖下或海洋下.
Some underwater caves were once dry caves that flooded when the sea level rose in an area.
一些水下洞穴曾经是干燥的洞穴,当海平面在一个地区上升时被淹.
Inside a massive ice cave formed beneath the Mendenhall Glacier, in the state of Alaska Inside Caves Caves are made up of three main areas: the entrance, the twilight zone, and the dark zone.
在门登霍尔冰川下形成的一个巨大的冰洞内,阿拉斯加州内洞穴由三个主要区域组成:出入口,light地区和暗地区.
The entrance to a cave may be large or small.
入洞口可能大小.
It can be a doorway into a mountain, a hole straight into the ground, or a crack in a boulder.
它可以是入山入地的出道口,直入地的出道口,也可以是出道口的出道口.
The twilight zone is any part of the cave where some sunlight still seeps in.
黄昏地带是洞穴的任何部分 有些阳光仍然渗入其中
If you can see without a flashlight, you’re in the twilight zone.
如果你能看到没有手电筒,
This zone is often cool and damp, and you can find animals and some plants living there.
这个区常是凉爽潮湿的,你可以在那里找到动物和一些植物.
As you might guess from the name, there is no light at all in the dark zone.
从名字上你可能猜到 黑暗区域根本没有光线
No plants grow there, but some fungi, molds, and animals have adapted to the total darkness.
没有植物在那里生长,但是一些真菌,模具,动物已经适应了完全的黑暗.
Hikers have natural light at the entrance to Milodon Cave, near Puerto Natales, Chile.
在智利纳塔莱斯港(Puerto Natales)附近的米洛登洞口有自然光.
Karst caves are the most common type of cave, so let’s take a closer look inside one.
喀斯特洞穴是最常见的洞穴,
Water and dissolved limestone create all kinds of fantastic formations in these caves.
水和溶解的石灰岩在这些洞穴中创造了出众的奇特形态.
Many people are familiar with stalactites and stalagmites.
许多人都熟悉"石刻"和"石刻".
These form when water drips from a cave ceiling to the floor.
当水从一个洞穴天花板滴入地上时这些形态.
The drops contain dissolved limestone.
滴入物含有溶解的石灰岩.
When the water dries or evaporates, it leaves behind bits of limestone.
当水干燥或蒸发后,会留下一些石灰岩.
Bit by bit, the limestone builds up, creating stalactites on the ceiling and stalagmites on the floor.
石灰岩逐一地积聚起来,在天花板上形成石灰岩和地上形成石灰岩.
These formations only grow about 2 millimeters (about 0.
这些阵型只长出约2毫米(约0.
08 in) a year.
08 in) 一年时间.
But they can reach over 10 meters (33 ft) long.
但是它们可以达到10米(33英尺)长.
Sometimes a stalactite and a stalagmite join to form a column.
有时有司马act和司马lag会合而成一列.
Helpful Hint Do you forget which is a stalactite and which is a stalagmite?
帮助提示 你忘了什么是石膏,什么是石膏吗?
The word stalactite contains the letter c.
斯达克地语中含有"克"字.
Think of it as standing for ceiling.
把它当成天花板
Stalactites hang from the top of the cave.
石膏从山洞上吊起.
Stalagmite contains the letter g, which can stand for ground.
stalagmite中包含可以代表地的g字母.
Stalagmites point up from the ground of a cave.
斯特拉格米特人从一个洞穴的地上指向上.
When water drops run down the sides of a cave, they leave behind trails of limestone.
当水滴流下一个洞穴的两侧时,它们留下了石灰岩的痕迹.
These trails can build up to form a drapery, or curtain of rock.
这些道可以积起来形成一道道道道道道道道道道道道道道道道道道道道道道道道道道道道道道道道道道道道道道道道道道道道道道道道道道道道道道.
Draperies can grow more than 3 meters (10 ft) long, and may be so thin that they are transparent.
道具可长出3米(10英尺)多,可能很薄而透明.
A soda straw formation is thin and hollow, like a straw for drinking soda pop.
汽水吸管的形成是薄而空的,就像吸管来喝汽水
Another rare shape is called a cave pearl.
另一个罕见的外形被称作"洞穴珍珠".
These round formations may start as a grain of sand.
这些圆形的形成可能开始为一粒沙子.
The grain gets wet with water that contains dissolved limestone.
谷地被含溶解石灰岩的水弄湿.
When the water evaporates, the limestone is left behind.
出水蒸发后会留下石灰岩.
Over time, the limestone deposits build up and form thin layers—just like a pearl.
随着时间的推移,石灰岩沉积起来,形成薄薄的地层——就像一颗珍珠。
It takes a very long time to build a formation, drop by drop—over many thousands of years.
建立阵型需要很长的时间,经过几千年的空降。
Cave Inhabitants Creatures small and large make their homes in caves.
洞穴居民 花生小而多 在洞穴中作出家.
Many scientists divide cave animals into three groups: animals that spend their entire lives in caves, animals that spend part of their lives in caves but can be found elsewhere, and animals that only visit caves.
许多科学家将洞穴动物分为三类:在洞穴中度过了一生的动物,在洞穴中度过了一部分生命但可以在别处找到的动物,以及只访问洞穴的动物.
Some types of animals spend their entire lives in caves, and aren’t found anywhere else.
有些种类的动物在洞穴中度过一生,
They include certain millipedes, centipedes, spiders, insects, crayfish, salamanders, and fish.
它们包括某些小ip,一分ed,蜘蛛,昆虫,克来鱼,ala,和鱼.
These animals have adapted to survive in total darkness.
这些动物已经适应在完全黑暗中生存.
Many of them are blind, and some have no eyes at all.
他们中许多人是瞎子,有些人根本没有眼睛。
Other kinds of animals live both in caves and outside.
其它种类的动物既生活在洞穴中也生活在外.
A good example of this are bats.
一个很好的例子是蝙蝠。
Bats may spend every night in a cave but must go outside to find food.
蝙蝠可能每晚都待在洞穴里 但必须出去找食物
Other examples are some beetles, millipedes, centipedes, and salamanders.
其他例子有:一些甲虫,小米虫,百花虫,和莎草.
Crayfishcrayfish salamandersalamander Many animals spend most of their time outside but visit caves for shelter, to rest, or to hunt for food.
克来鱼克来鱼克来鱼克来克来克来克来克去克来克去克来克去克来克去克来克去克来克去克来克去克来克去克来克去克来克去克来克去克来克去克去克来克去克来克去克来克去克来克去克来克去克来克去克来克来克去克来克去克来克去克来克去克来克去克来克来克来克去克来克去克来克去克来克去克来克去克来克去克去克来克去克去克去克来克去克去克去克去克去克去克去克去克去克去克去克去克去克去克去克去克去克去克去克去克去克去克去克去克去克去克去克去克去克去克去克去克去克去克去克去克去克去克去克去克去克去克去克去克去克去克去克去克去克去克去克去 许多动物大部分时间都花在外出,但会去洞穴避难,去休息,或者去打猎取食.
This group includes bears, foxes, pack rats, snakes, raccoons, moths, groundhogs, vultures, crickets, and of course, humans.
这个群体包括熊,狐狸,包鼠,蛇,浣熊,蛾,土拨鼠,秃鹫,板球,当然还有人类.
Many humans have found the enclosed space of a cave to be a good place to live.
许多人类已经发现一个洞穴的封闭空间是一个很好的居住地.
In Andalucia, Spain, hundreds of people live in caves, while northern China has millions of human cave dwellers.
在西班牙安达卢西亚有上百人生活在洞穴中,而中国北部有上百万人类洞穴居民.
Other places where people live in caves include Turkey, North Africa, and France.
其他人们居住在洞穴中的地方包括土耳其,北非和法国.
Artwork on cave walls and the remains of campfires show that humans have used caves as shelter for tens of thousands of years.
洞壁上的艺术作品和营火的遗迹表明,人类用洞穴作为避难所已有上万年.
Ancient cave-dwellers used this doorway in the Great Hall of Bulls, Lascaux, France.
古老的洞穴居住者在法国拉斯考的公牛大会堂使用这道门道.
Prehistoric cave-dwelling artists painted beautiful horses and bulls on the walls of the famous Lascaux Cave in France.
史前的洞穴居住艺术家把美丽的马和公牛画在了法国著名的拉斯考洞的墙上.
Do You Know?
你知道吗?
In 1940, four boys accidentally discovered one of the most famous art caves, France’s Lascaux Cave.
1940年,四个男孩意外地发现了最出名的艺术洞穴之一"法国的拉斯考洞".
They squeezed into a small hole, entering a large cavern with beautiful paintings of deer and bulls.
他们被挤入一个小洞中,以美丽的鹿和公牛画作入出一个大洞.
Luckily, the boys were not hurt, but entering a cave without an experienced cave explorer or guide is a dangerous idea.
幸运的是,男孩们没有受伤,但是在没有经验丰富的洞穴探险家或向导的情况下进入洞穴是一个危险的主意.
Later, one of the boys became the cave’s main guide.
后来,其中一个男孩成为了洞穴的主要向导.
Caves are very fragile habitats.
洞穴是非常脆弱的栖息地.
Many have almost no contact with the world outside.
许多人几乎与外界没有联系。
If something new comes into a cave, it can cause trouble for the animals that live there.
如果有新的东西进入洞穴,它会给住在那里的动物带来麻烦.
Bats hibernate in caves.
蝙蝠会冬眠在洞穴里
During hibernation, a bat’s body slows down, allowing it to go months without eating.
在休眠期间,一蝙蝠的身体会减慢,使其可以数月不吃.
Recently, frightening numbers of hibernating bats have been getting sick and dying.
最近,令人恐惧的休眠蝙蝠 生病和死亡。
Under normal conditions, hibernating bats huddle together in caves all winter long.
在正常条件下,休眠蝙蝠会在整个冬天都聚集在洞穴中.
Do You Know?
你知道吗?
Caves are too deep to be affected by seasons.
出洞入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地出地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地入地出
Cave temperatures tend to be between 24 degrees C (75° F) and 1 degrees C (30° F).
洞口温度一般在24°C(75°F)至1°C(30°F)之间.
Animals that live in caves adapt to this unchanging environment.
生活在洞穴中的动物适应这种不变的环境.
Cave visitors first spotted the problem in 2006 outside Albany, New York.
洞穴游客在2006年首次在纽约奥尔巴尼外发现问题.
Bats there had a strange white fuzz around their mouths and noses.
蝙蝠的嘴和鼻子上都有一个奇怪的白色绒毛
Instead of hibernating, they woke up and flew out of the cave.
他们没有冬眠,而是醒来后飞出洞去.
Waking up during winter is dangerous.
冬天醒来很危险
Without food, the bats starve or freeze.
没有食物,蝙蝠就会饿死或冻死.
Scientists call this condition White Nose Syndrome.
科学家称此为"白鼻综合征".
Since 2006, it has spread across the entire eastern United States.
自2006年以来,它已蔓延到整个美国东部.
White Nose Syndrome can kill over 90 percent of the hibernating bats in a cave in a single winter.
白鼻综合征可以杀死90%以上的冬眠蝙蝠,在一个单一的冬天在一个洞穴中.
Scientists have identified a fungus that causes White Nose Syndrome, but they don’t know how to cure it.
科学家已经发现了一种导致白鼻综合征的真菌,
Some scientists fear that even common types of bats may soon go extinct.
一些科学家担心即使是常见类型的蝙蝠也会很快被灭绝.
They urge cave explorers to stay away from caves with bats in order to keep the fungus from spreading.
他们敦促洞穴探险家用蝙蝠来远离洞穴来防止真菌扩散.
Bats with White Nose Syndrome Famous Caves Caves throughout the world are famous for their outstanding features.
全世界有白鼻综合征的蝙蝠出名地出名.
The Cave of Crystals in Mexico contains rooms full of gigantic sparkling crystals—the largest ever found.
墨西哥的"水晶之洞"(Crystals Cave)包含满是巨大闪光晶体的房间,这是有史以来发现的最大晶体.
Some are 10 meters (33 ft) long!
有的长10米(33英尺)!
Mammoth Cave in Kentucky contains more than 480 kilometers (300 mi) of passageways, making it the largest known cave system in the world.
肯塔基州的哺乳动物洞包含超过480公里(300米)的通道,成为世界上已知最大的洞穴系统.
The deepest cave found is Krubera Cave in the Eastern European nation of Georgia.
所发现的最深的洞穴是格鲁吉亚东欧民族克鲁贝拉洞.
It is over 2,000 meters (7,000 ft) deep, and spelunkers aren’t done exploring!
超过2000米(7,000英尺)深,
One of the most world-famous caves is the Chauvet (shaw-VAY) Cave in France.
最出名的世界洞穴之一是法国的Chauvet (shaw-VAY)洞穴.
Discovered in 1994, it contains over 300 of the world’s oldest paintings.
1994年被发掘出土了300多幅世界最古老的绘画.
Dated as approximately 30,000 years old, the paintings include horses, lions, and bears.
画作的日期大约为3万年,包括了马,狮子和熊.
Exploring Caves Why do spelunkers go into caves?
探索洞穴 为甚么道人入洞去.
Some do it for the thrill of physically challenging themselves by climbing down ropes, crawling through tiny tunnels, or scuba diving in underground caverns.
一些人这样做是为了在身体上挑战自己 通过爬下绳子 爬入小地道 或是潜入地下洞穴
Scientists enter caves to learn more about Earth.
科学家进入洞穴去多了解地球.
Experienced cave explorers equip themselves with helmets, flashlights, warm clothing, rope, and kneepads.
经验丰富的洞穴探险家装备有头盔,手电筒,暖衣,绳子等膝上罩.
As the spelunkers go deeper, they may have to wriggle through tiny tunnels.
随着弹簧手的深入,他们可能不得不从小地道上摇晃.
They may wade through underground pools or rivers.
它们可能穿过地下池子或河流。
In the cave, they hear water drip-drip-dripping, but no other sound.
在洞穴里,他们听到水滴滴滴滴滴,但没有其他声音.
The only light is the glow of their flashlights.
唯一的光是他们的手电筒的发光.
Safety equipment, lights, and proper climbing gear are a must on any cave exploration.
安全设备,灯光, 和适当的攀登工具 是任何洞穴探索必须的。
A cave is exciting, but it can definitely be dangerous.
洞穴是令人兴奋的,但它绝对是危险的。
It is easy to get lost in the twisting, pitch-black tunnels or trapped in a narrow space.
很容易在曲折的地道上迷路 或者被困在狭窄的空间里
Cave floors can be steep and rocky, or slick with mud.
地洞地层可陡峭而多岩石,或用泥地浮出地.
It takes the skills of a hardy rock climber to explore many caves.
它需要一位硬地攀岩者的技能来探索许多洞穴.
Cave formations can be extremely delicate.
洞穴形制可以极其微妙.
Thoughtless cave visitors have broken off stalactite tips as souvenirs, destroying in a second something that may have taken 40,000 years to form.
无所思索的洞穴来客断了石膏作为纪念品的提示,在一瞬间摧毁了可能花了四万年才形成的东西.
If you ever plan to visit a cave, take a guided tour.
如果你打算去一个洞穴 做个导游
The guide can explain the many wonders of the cave and keep both you and the formations safe.
向导可以解释出洞穴中的许多奇观,并保护你和阵型的安全.
Lacey sprays of gypsum crystals are found only in the Lechuguilla Cave in Carlsbad Caverns Park, New Mexico.
在新墨西哥州卡尔斯巴德卡弗恩斯公园的莱克西喷出石膏水晶后,才被找到.
Conclusion The world of caves is fascinating.
结论 洞庭之所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出所出.
Where else on Earth can you find unexplored land, discover otherworldly formations, and see artwork from thousands of years ago?
地球上还有哪里可以找到未探索出的土地, 发现其它世界的形态, 并看到几千年前的艺术品?
As long as we treat them respectfully, we can continue to experience the wonder of caves indefinitely.
只要我们恭敬地对待他们,我们就可以无限期地继续体验洞穴的奇妙.