Marie Curie
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Trailblazer.
《目录》。
4 Early Years.
早年4岁.
5 Patience and Preparation.
5 耐心和准备。
6 Paris at Last.
6 巴黎终于。
7 Two Types of Rays.
7 二类雷.
8 Achievements and Recognition.
8 成就和表彰。
10 Dark Times and More Fame.
10"黑暗时报"和"更出名".
11 On the Battlefront.
第11条 在战场上
12 Later Life.
12"后世传".
14 Gifts to the World.
14"给世界的礼物".
15 Glossary.
15 词汇。
16 Trailblazer At a time when few women were scientists, one woman’s research and discoveries changed the world.
16辆拖车 在很少有妇女成为科学家的时候,一位妇女的研究和发现改变了世界。
She left her homeland to study science and math at a leading university.
她离开故乡去一所领先的大学学习科学和数学.
She followed her scientific interests even though the world seemed to block her way at every turn.
她跟随自己的科学兴趣,尽管世界似乎每回都挡住她的道路.
She was the first woman to be awarded a Nobel Prize and the only person ever awarded Nobel Prizes in two different scientific fields.
她是第一位被授予诺贝尔奖的女性,也是唯一一位在两个不同的科学领域被授予诺贝尔奖的人.
This groundbreaking scientist was Marie Curie.
这个开创性的科学家是玛丽·居里.
Marie Curie’s laboratory was packed with scientific instruments, some of which were invented by her husband, Pierre, and his brother, Jacques.
Marie Curie的实验室装满了科学仪器,其中一些由她的丈夫皮埃尔和他的兄弟雅克发明.
Early Years Marie Curie was born Maria Sklodowska on November 7, 1867, in Warsaw, Poland.
早年玛丽·居里于1867年11月7日生于波兰华沙.
She was called Manya as a child and was the youngest of five children.
她小时候被称为"玛尼亚"(Manya),是五个孩子中最小的.
Their father taught math and physics at a boys’ high school.
他们的父亲在一所男生高中教数学和物理。
When Manya was born, the part of Poland where her family lived was ruled by the Russian Empire.
玛尼亚出世后,她所居住的波兰一地被俄罗斯帝国所统治.
Loyalty to Poland put people’s lives in danger.
对波兰的忠诚使人民的生命面临危险。
Manya’s father lost his job in 1873 because he supported Polish independence.
玛尼亚的父亲于1873年因支持波兰独立而失业.
Manya’s oldest sister died in 1876, and her mother died two years later.
玛尼亚最年长的妹妹于1876年去世,她的母亲于两年后去世.
Manya was a bright, curious child and an outstanding student.
玛妮娅是一个明亮,好奇的孩子和杰出的学生.
She earned top honors when she graduated from high school at age fifteen in 1883.
1883年她15岁从高中毕业时获得了最高荣誉.
Marie Curie (center) sits for a photograph with her brother and sisters (left to right) Zosia, Hela, Joseph, and Bronya.
玛丽·居里(英语:Marie Curie (center))与她的兄弟姐妹(左到右)佐西亚,赫拉,约瑟夫和布罗尼亚一起为相片而坐.
Patience and Preparation Manya and her sister Bronya wanted to continue their studies, but women could not attend the University of Warsaw.
耐心和准备玛尼亚和她的姐姐布罗尼亚想继续学业,但妇女无法入读华沙大学.
They would need to leave Poland but did not have enough money.
他们需要离开波兰,但没有足够的钱。
The sisters attended Warsaw’s “floating university”—free education offered in secret by Polish teachers.
这些姐妹参加了波兰教师秘密提供的华沙 " 浮动大学 " 免费教育。
Although the classes were no match for the finest European universities, they kept Manya up-to-date on scientific discoveries.
虽然这些课程与最优秀的欧洲大学并不相配,但他们不断向玛尼亚介绍科学发现的最新情况.
Both sisters wanted to attend the Sorbonne in Paris, but they could not afford the tuition.
两个姐妹都想参加巴黎的索邦会,但他们付不起学费.
They made a deal: Manya would earn money for Bronya’s education, and Bronya would return the favor after earning her degree.
他们做了一个交易:玛妮娅会为布罗尼亚的教育赚钱,而布罗尼亚在获得学位后会回报恩惠.
Manya worked as a tutor and governess for five years and studied science, literature, and other subjects in her free time.
玛妮娅担任了5年的辅导和家庭教师,在她闲暇时间学习了科学,文学等学科.
After helping her sister pay for her schooling, it was Manya’s turn to attend.
在帮助妹妹支付学费后,玛妮娅轮到她上学了。
The Sorbonne was, and still is, one of the finest universities in the world.
索邦大学过去是,现在仍然是世界上最好的大学之一。
Paris at Last Manya moved to Paris in 1891 and enrolled at the Sorbonne.
1891年"最后的玛尼亚"(Last Manya)的巴黎搬到了巴黎,并入住索邦.
She took the name Marie—the French version of Maria—at that time.
当时她取了玛丽这个名字——法语版的玛丽亚.
Two years later, she graduated first in her class with a master’s degree in physics.
两年后,她以物理硕士学位从她的班上第一个毕业.
The following year, she earned a second master’s, in math.
次年,她获得了第二名数学硕士。
Marie received a commission to study the magnetic properties of steel.
玛丽得到了一个研究钢铁磁性能的委托.
She needed a laboratory for her research.
她需要实验室来研究
Another scientist introduced her to a physics professor named Pierre Curie, who arranged for Marie to use some lab space where he worked.
另一位科学家将她介绍给一位叫皮埃尔·居里(Pierre Curie)的物理学教授,他安排玛丽使用他工作过的一些实验室空间.
Over time, Marie and Pierre fell in love.
随着时间的推移,玛丽和皮尔相恋.
They married in July 1895 and had a daughter, Irene, two years later.
他们于1895年7月结婚并育有女儿艾琳,两年后出嫁.
Marie was still very involved with her work.
玛丽仍然非常参与她的工作.
After finishing her research, she decided to earn a doctorate at the Sorbonne.
在完成她的研究后,她决定在索邦获得博士学位.
Pierre Curie and Marie Sklodowska Curie as they appeared soon after they married.
皮埃尔·居里和玛丽·斯克洛多夫斯卡 他们结婚后不久就出现了
Two Types of Rays Marie needed a topic for her doctoral research.
Rays Marie的两种类型 她的博士研究需要一个话题
Two important physics discoveries had been made not long before.
不久前就发现了两个重要的物理学发现。
In late 1895, Wilhelm Roentgen, a German physicist, discovered X-rays.
1895年末,德国物理学家威廉·鲁根(Wilhelm Roentgen)发现了X射线.
Early the following year, French physicist Henri Becquerel discovered that the chemical element uranium also gave off rays, which were weaker than X-rays.
次年年初,法国物理学家亨利·贝克勒(Henri Becquerel)发现化学元素铀也发出射线,射线比X射线弱.
Marie decided to study uranium rays.
玛丽决定研究铀射线.
Marie began to study the effect of uranium rays on air by measuring barely noticeable electric currents in air that had been blasted with uranium rays.
Marie开始研究铀射线对空气的影响,测量空气中被铀射线所爆炸的几乎不明显的电流。
Marie agreed with Becquerel that uranium in any form gave off electricity and that more uranium gave off stronger rays.
玛丽同意贝克瑞尔的观点,认为任何形式的铀都提供电力,更多的铀也提供更强的射线.
She also demonstrated that the rays were a property of uranium’s structure, not just its physical or chemical state.
她还表明,这些射线是铀结构的财产,而不仅仅是其物理或化学状态。
In addition, she discovered that another element, thorium, gave off rays as well.
此外,她还发现另一个元素——ium也释放出射线.
Wilhelm Roentgen’s discovery of X-rays in 1895 set off a revolution in physics.
威廉·罗恩特根(Wilhelm Roentgen)于1895年发现X射线引发了物理学革命.
Marie kept testing materials to see which ones gave off rays.
Marie一直在测试材料 看看是哪一种射线
She tested a mineral called pitchblende, which contains uranium.
她测试了一种矿物质,叫做"出血"(pitchblende),它含有铀.
She found that it gave off more rays than could be caused by its uranium.
她发现它释放出更多的射线 比它的铀可能造成。
She supposed that pitchblende must contain a second radioactive element—one that scientists didn’t know about yet.
她认为"抛出"必须包含第二个放射性元素,
In 1898, Pierre Curie joined Marie in searching for the new element.
1898年,皮埃尔·居里与玛丽一起寻找新元素.
After much research, they discovered two new elements: polonium (named for Marie’s homeland) and radium (from the Latin word for “ray”).
经过大量研究,他们发现了两个新元素:波罗尼姆(为玛丽的故乡取名)和 (从拉丁文"ray"中取出).
Pierre also proved that radium’s radioactivity could harm living flesh.
Pierre也证明, radi的放射性会伤害活体。
His discovery opened the doors to treatments for cancer and other illnesses.
他的发现为治疗癌症和其他疾病打开了大门。
The Birth of Atomic Physics During Marie’s time, scientists knew about atoms—the smallest particles of things.
科学家们了解原子,
However, they thought that atoms could not be broken down into smaller units.
然而,他们认为原子不能被细分为更小的单位.
Marie’s uranium research led her to discover that atoms store a huge amount of energy.
玛丽的铀研究导致她发现原子储存了巨大的能量.
That discovery changed scientists’ understanding of atoms and led to a new field of science—atomic physics.
这一发现改变了科学家对原子的认识并导致科学 -- -- 原子物理学的新领域。
Health Concerns Marie and Pierre were often ill while doing their research.
Marie和Pierre在进行研究时经常生病。
It wasn’t clear whether the cause was working too hard or radiation.
并不清楚原因是否过于努力,
Marie did not accept the idea that radiation was to blame, but today we know that it can cause illness and death.
玛丽没有接受辐射是罪魁祸首的想法,但今天我们知道辐射可以造成疾病和死亡.
Achievements and Recognition Marie earned her Doctor of Science in June 1903.
1903年6月成就和表彰玛丽获得了她的科学博士学位.
She was the first woman in France to be awarded a doctorate and the first woman in all of Europe to be awarded a doctorate in science.
她是法国第一位获得博士学位的女性,也是全欧洲第一位获得科学博士学位的女性.
Marie was the one in charge of the physics research she and Pierre did.
玛丽负责她和皮埃尔的物理研究.
Even so, she was almost passed over for the Nobel Prize, one of the world’s most respected awards, because she was a woman.
即便如此,她也几乎被授予诺贝尔奖,这是世界上最受人尊敬的奖项之一,因为她是女性。
Only Pierre Curie and Henri Becquerel were nominated for the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics.
只有皮埃尔·居里和亨利·贝克勒被提名为1903年诺贝尔物理学奖.
When Pierre found out, he said it would be terribly unfair for Marie not to be included.
当皮埃尔发现后,他说不把玛丽包括进来是极不公平的.
Marie’s name was then added to the list, and she and Pierre won together, along with Becquerel, in December 1903.
玛丽的名字后来被添加到名单中,她和皮尔于1903年12月与贝克勒一起获得冠军.
The award recognized their pioneering work on radiation.
该奖项表彰了他们在辐射方面的开创性工作.
It was the first Nobel Prize awarded to a woman.
这是第一个授予女性的诺贝尔奖.
The Curies instantly became famous around the world.
库里人随即在世界各地出名.
Pierre was given a better job at the Sorbonne, and Marie received a salary and became chief of laboratory.
皮埃尔在索邦公司得到了更好的工作,而玛丽得到薪水并出任实验室主任.
She was excited by the attention and new responsibilities.
她对关注和新的责任感到兴奋。
The Curies had a second daughter, Eve, in 1904.
1904年库里人有第二个女儿夏娃.
Around the same time, the Sorbonne gave the Curies a new laboratory to work in.
大约在同一时间,索邦号给了库里斯一家新的实验室来工作.
Dark Times and More Fame The Curies were enjoying their successes when tragedy struck.
黑暗时代与更出名 当悲剧降临时,库里人正在享受他们的成功。
In 1906, Pierre was run over by a horse-drawn wagon and killed instantly.
1906年,皮尔被一匹被拖马车撞倒并当场被炸死.
News of his death spread around the world.
他的死讯传遍了全世界.
Marie was completely numb with shock but eventually found the strength to keep going.
玛丽被惊吓完全麻木了,但最终找到了继续前进的力量.
She was given Pierre’s teaching position at the Sorbonne and was the first woman to become a Sorbonne professor.
她被授予了Pierre在索邦会的教职,并成为第一位成为索邦会教授的女性.
Marie was awarded a second Nobel Prize, this time in chemistry, in 1911 for her work in radioactivity and her discovery of radium and polonium.
玛丽于1911年因在放射性方面的工作和对radi和 p的发现而获得第二次诺贝尔奖,这次是化学奖.
She was the first scientist to be awarded two Nobel Prizes.
她是第一个被授予两个诺贝尔奖的科学家.
To this day, she is the only person to be awarded prizes in two different areas of science.
至今,她是唯一在两个不同的科学领域被授予奖项的人.
The Curies finally moved to a laboratory with more space in 1904.
库里人最终于1904年迁入了空间较多的实验室.
On the Battlefront World War I broke out in late July 1914, and Germany attacked France just a few days later.
1914年7月下旬爆发一战(Battlefront World War I),德国就在几天后进攻了法国.
Most of Marie’s staff left to fight in the war, and her scientific research had to stop.
玛丽的大部分工作人员都离开去打仗,而她的科学研究不得不停止.
Marie looked for ways to put her science to work to help the war effort.
玛丽想方设法让科学发挥作用,以帮助战争努力.
She provided portable X-ray machines for treating wounded soldiers on battlefields and set up more than two hundred X-ray stations.
她提供了便携式X光机,用于在战场上治疗受伤的士兵,并建立了200多个X光站.