of the Alamo
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Sacred Ground.
内容表圣地.
4 From Mission to Fort.
4 从任务到要塞.
5 The Texas Revolution Begins.
5德克萨斯州革命开始.
7 Santa Anna Marches.
页:1 圣诞老人 安娜·马奇斯.
9 Travis, Bowie, Crockett.
9特拉维斯,鲍伊,克罗克特。
12 The Siege.
12"围城".
14 The Battle.
14战役.
16 The Defeat of Santa Anna.
16 圣安娜之败.
20 The Republic of Texas.
20 德克萨斯共和国。
22 Remember the Alamo.
22 记住阿拉莫号.
23 Glossary.
23 词汇表。
24 Sacred Ground The Alamo is one of the most honored places in Texas.
24 圣地 阿拉莫是德克萨斯州最受尊敬的地方之一.
This cream-colored stone building in the city of San Antonio was once a chapel.
圣安东尼奥市的这所奶油色的石楼曾经是一座礼拜堂.
It is the main remaining section of a Catholic mission that was turned into a military fort.
它是天主教传道会中被改造成军事要塞的主要剩余部分.
Its quiet interior still feels like the inside of a church.
它的宁静的内部仍然感觉像教堂的内部.
Visitors speak softly.
访客说话轻快.
Their voices and footsteps echo slightly from the stone walls and floors.
他们的声音和脚步从石墙和地上略微回响.
It’s hard to imagine that this place was once filled with the sounds of cannons, gunfire, and the screams of men.
很难想象这个地方曾经充满了大炮、枪声和人叫声。
Or that it ran with blood.
或者是血流成河
But it did.
但确实如此。
From Mission to Fort The Alamo was built in the 1720s as one of five missions constructed by Spanish missionaries in a settlement called San Antonio de Béxar.
从任务到要塞 阿拉莫号建于1720年代,是西班牙传教士在被称作"圣安东尼奥-德贝克萨尔"的定居点所建造的五个任务之一.
In the early 1700s, parts of Texas and Mexico were ruled by Spain.
1700年代初,德克萨斯州和墨西哥部分地区被西班牙统治.
The Alamo was originally called Mission San Antonio de Valero.
阿拉莫号最初被称作"圣安东尼奥·德·瓦莱罗使命".
It consisted of the chapel and a number of smaller buildings.
它由礼拜堂和多座更小的建筑组成.
The buildings, and the walls connecting them, surrounded a large compound.
这些建筑物和连接它们的墙壁包围了一大块大院。
For about 70 years, Mission San Antonio de Valero and the other missions taught Native Americans about Christianity.
大约70年来,圣安东尼奥·德·瓦莱罗传教团和其他传教团向美洲原住民传授了基督教知识.
The period of the missionaries came to an end in 1793.
传教士时期于1793年结束.
That year, the Spanish government took control of the missions and gave the lands surrounding them back to the Native Americans.
当年,西班牙政府控制了这些使团,并将周围的土地归还给美洲原住民.
The Spanish began using Mission San Antonio de Valero as a military post for a cavalry unit.
西班牙人开始将圣安东尼奥·德·瓦莱罗特派团作为骑兵部队的军事哨所.
The soldiers at the post renamed the former mission the Alamo.
该哨所的士兵将原来的任务更名为阿拉莫.
Alamo is the Spanish word for cottonwood.
阿拉莫是"棉林"的西班牙语单词.
Cottonwood trees grew wild in the area around the mission.
棉花木树在任务周边地区野生.
From then on, everyone called the old mission the Alamo.
从那时起,大家都称旧任务为"阿拉莫".
PACIFIC OCEAN Mexico United States United States Territories Oregon Country Disputed area Texas Florida Territory GULF OF MEXICO Alamo The Texas Revolution Begins Mexico won its independence from Spain in 1821.
美国领土 俄勒冈州 争议地区 德克萨斯州 佛罗里达州
The Mexican government thought Texas, which was a large area with a small population, needed more people living on its land.
墨西哥政府认为德克萨斯州是一个人口较少的大片地区,需要更多的人生活在它的土地上.
It invited Americans to settle in Texas by offering them land at low prices.
它邀请美国人到德克萨斯定居,以低价向他们提供土地.
Many people moved from the United States to Texas for the cheap land.
许多人从美国搬到德克萨斯州去取便宜的土地.
The settlers became known as Texians.
定居者被称为德克西人。
By the 1830s, there were more than 25,000 settlers in Texas, which began to worry the Mexican government.
到1830年代,德克萨斯州有超过25,000名定居者,这开始令墨西哥政府担忧.
There were now far more Texians than Mexicans living in Texas.
现在住在德克萨斯州的特克萨斯人远多于墨西哥人.
The government of Mexico feared that Texas might try to break free of Mexican rule.
墨西哥政府担心德克萨斯州可能会试图摆脱墨西哥的统治.
In 1830, it tried to stop further settlement in Texas.
1830年,它试图阻止德克萨斯的进一步定居.
That caused hostility between the Texians and the Mexican troops stationed in Texas.
这引起了德克萨斯人和驻扎德克萨斯州的墨西哥军队之间的敌意.
Shortly thereafter, a group of Texians came together to lead the Texian struggle for independence.
此后不久,一批德克赛人相聚一堂,领导德克赛人争取独立的斗争.
They recruited an army and appointed a man named Sam Houston as its commander.
他们招募了一支军队,并任命了一个叫萨姆·休斯敦(Sam Houston)的人作为其指挥官.
They also elected a governor, Henry Smith.
他们还选出了州长亨利·史密斯.
The Texians decided to revolt and rid themselves of Mexican rule.
德克萨斯人决定反抗并摆脱墨西哥的统治.
The Texas Revolution began as part of a larger civil war in Mexico between two rival groups, the Centralists and the Federalists.
德克萨斯革命开始于墨西哥两个对立集团,即中央主义者和联邦主义者之间更大规模的内战.
The Centralists believed that all of Mexico should be ruled by a strong central government.
中央主义者认为,整个墨西哥都应该由强大的中央政府来统治.
The Federalists favored having Mexican states, including Texas, control their own affairs.
联邦主义者赞成让包括德克萨斯州在内的墨西哥州控制自己的事务.
The Texians sided with the Federalists.
德克萨斯人支持联邦主义者
However, by 1835, the Centralists were running things.
然而,到1835年,中央党人正在经营事务.
If the Federalists had prevailed, there might not have been a Texas Revolution.
如果联邦主义者占了上风,可能就不会有德克萨斯革命.
Santa Anna Marches The president of Mexico at that time was General Antonio Lopéz de Santa Anna.
圣安娜马奇斯 当时的墨西哥总统是安东尼奥·洛佩斯·德·圣安娜将军.
He was the leader of the Centralists.
他是中央主义者的领袖.
Santa Anna believed that people in all parts of Mexico should do what the government told them to do.
圣安娜认为,墨西哥各地的人都应该按照政府的命令行事.
Santa Anna decided that he was not going to let the Texians get away with their rebellious behavior.
圣安娜决定他不会让德克萨斯人逃脱他们的叛逆行为.
He vowed that he would crush the uprising and restore the Mexican government’s control of Texas.
他发誓将粉碎起义并恢复墨西哥政府对德克萨斯的控制.
In February of 1836, Santa Anna led an army of more than 6,000 soldiers to the Rio Grande, a river in south Texas.
1836年2月,圣诞老人 安娜率领一支由6000多名士兵组成的军队去德克萨斯州南部的河流里奥格兰德.
The army then marched straight toward San Antonio.
军队随后向圣安东尼奥直行.
Even before Santa Anna crossed the Rio Grande, the Texians learned that he was coming to attack.
甚至在圣安娜渡过里奥格兰德河之前,德克萨斯人就得知他要来进攻.
Texian forces controlled San Antonio under the command of Lieutenant Colonel James C.
德克西安部队在詹姆斯·C中校的指挥下控制了圣安东尼奥.
Neill.
尼尔。
Colonel Neill had been working to build up the defenses of the Alamo because the old mission was in ruins due to years of neglect.
尼尔上校一直致力于建立阿拉莫号的防御工事,因为旧任务由于多年的忽略而陷入了废墟.
Neill ordered the walls strengthened and cannons mounted on top.
尼尔下令加固城墙并上安装大炮.
As Santa Anna advanced toward San Antonio, Texian Governor Smith ordered Neill to hold the Alamo at all costs.
随着圣安娜向圣安东尼奥进发,特克西安总督史密斯命令尼尔不惜一切代价控制阿拉莫.
Santa Anna led the fight against the Texian revolt.
圣诞老人 安娜领导了反对德克西安起义的斗争.
In mid-February, however, Colonel Neill left the Alamo.
然而,2月中旬,尼尔上校离开了阿拉莫.
He had received an urgent message informing him of an illness in his family.
他收到了一个紧急信息,通知他家里有病。
Before leaving, he turned command of the Alamo over to another officer: William Barret Travis.
在离开之前,他把阿拉莫号的指挥权交给了另一位军官:威廉·巴雷特·特拉维斯.
Travis, Bowie, Crockett Travis—just 26 years old—had studied law in Alabama and been an officer in the Alabama Militia.
Travis, Bowie, Crockett Travis(26岁)曾在阿拉巴马学习法律,并在阿拉巴马民兵中担任军官.
He moved to Texas in 1831, opening a law office in the town of Anahuac (a-NAH-wak).
1831年他搬到了德克萨斯州,在Anahuac镇(a-NAH-wak)开设了律师所.
He became involved in the Texas fight for independence and was appointed a lieutenant colonel in the Texas army.
他开始参与德克萨斯州争取独立的斗争并被任命为德克萨斯州陆军中校.
James Bowie was a hard-fighting, 39-year-old adventurer.
詹姆斯·鲍伊(James Bowie)是一位硬搏斗,39岁的冒险家.
He had lived in Louisiana before moving to Texas around 1820.
他在1820年左右移居德克萨斯州之前就住在路易斯安那州.
Bowie was renowned as a knife fighter.
鲍威以刀战而出名.
In fact, he designed a knife known as the Bowie knife.
事实上,他设计了一把被称为"鲍伊刀"的刀.
He commanded a group of volunteers at the Alamo and was looking forward to doing battle with Santa Anna.
他在阿拉莫号指挥了一批志愿者,并期待着与圣安娜出战.
Perhaps the best-known Alamo defender was David Crockett.
也许最有名的阿拉莫保卫者是大卫·克罗克特.
Crockett was a famous 49-year- old frontiersman and a former U.
克罗克特是一位有名的49岁边境人和前U.
S.
师曰.
congressman from Tennessee.
田纳西州议员
He had departed for Texas in late 1835 after failing to win reelection to a fourth term in the U.
1835年末他因未能在U区连任第四任而去得克萨斯州.
S.
师曰.
Congress.
国会.
Crockett hadn’t intended to take part in the Texas Revolution.
克罗克特并不打算参加德克萨斯革命。
He just wanted to see if Texas would be a good place to live, but after he got to Texas, he changed his mind and enrolled as a volunteer soldier.
他只是想看看德克萨斯州是否是一个好住地,但到了德克萨斯州后,他改变了主意并注册为志愿兵.
He arrived at the Alamo in early February with 12 other men.
2月初,他与其他12名男子一起抵达阿拉莫。
The Siege Santa Anna arrived in San Antonio with his army on February 23.
圣安娜号于2月23日随军队抵达圣安东尼奥.
He demanded the immediate surrender of the Alamo.
他要求阿拉莫人立即投降.
Travis answered by firing a cannonball at the Mexican lines.
特拉维斯通过向墨西哥防线发射一发大炮来回应.
Santa Anna was outraged.
圣安娜很愤怒
He vowed that all of the men in the Alamo would die.
他发誓阿拉莫的所有男人都会死
Mexican artillery began to bombard the fort.
墨西哥炮兵开始轰炸要塞.
Santa Anna wanted to smash down the walls.
圣安娜想把墙砸倒
Early in the siege, Bowie became very ill, probably with a sickness called typhoid.
围攻初期,鲍威病重,可能患上一种叫"伤寒"的疾病.
He was confined to a cot in a small room next to the main gate.
他被关在正门旁边的一间小房间里的一间床上。
Travis then took full command.
特拉维斯随后全权指挥.
David or Davy?
大卫还是戴维?
David Crockett didn’t wear a coonskin cap and he never called himself Davy.
David Crockett没有戴相克帽,
Plenty of other people called him Davy, though.
很多人叫他戴维
In addition to being a member of Congress, Crockett was a genuine folk hero.
克罗克特除了是国会议员外,还是一位真正的民间英雄.
People far and wide heard about his exploits as a frontiersman.
远道而来的人们都听说他作为边民的剥削。
To them he was Davy Crockett.
对他们来说,他是戴维克罗克特。
Travis wrote to the Texian government describing the bombardment and asking for help.
特拉维斯写信给德克西亞政府,描述了轰炸并请求帮助.
He told the Texian leaders about Santa Anna’s vow to kill all the Alamo defenders.
他告诉德克萨斯领导人圣安娜发誓要杀死所有阿拉莫捍卫者.
Travis promised that whatever happened, “I shall never surrender or retreat.”
特拉维斯答应说,无论发生什么事,“我绝不投降或撤退。 “
The Battle Before dawn on the 13th day of the siege, March 6, Santa Anna launched an all-out attack.
围困13日黎明前的"战役",3月6日,圣安娜发动了全面进攻.
About 1,800 Mexican troops advanced through the darkness, many carrying ladders for climbing the walls of the fort.
大约1800名墨西哥军队从黑暗中推进,许多人为攀登要塞的城墙而搭起梯子.
One of Travis’s officers rushed into the commander’s room to wake him.
Travis的一名军官冲入指挥官的房间叫醒他。
“The Mexicans are coming!”
“墨西哥人来了!”
he yelled.
他大叫着
Travis jumped off his cot and ran to the north wall of the Alamo.
特拉维斯跳下他的床后跑到阿拉莫河北墙.
All through the fort, the defenders were taking up positions and firing rounds at the Mexican troops.
在整个要塞中,捍卫者们都占据了阵地,并向墨西哥部队开火.
Day after day, the Mexican cannons blasted away at the Alamo’s walls, and night after night, the defenders worked to repair the damage.
墨西哥大炮日复一日地向阿拉莫的城墙出击,
During the siege, other Texians joined the Alamo’s defenders.
在围攻期间,其他德克萨斯人加入了阿拉莫的捍卫者.
The total number of men in the Alamo is uncertain.
阿拉莫的男性总人数不确定.
The longstanding official number was 189, but historians now think there may have been as many as 250 defenders in the Alamo at the time of the final attack, including a group of women and children.
长期的官方人数为189人,但历史学家现在认为,在最后攻击时阿拉莫有多达250名维权者,包括一群妇女和儿童.
Travis continued to hope that help would arrive, but none came.
特拉维斯继续希望这种帮助会到来,但没有人来.
Bowie’s illness worsened.
Bowie的病情恶化了。
The Texians fought bravely, but they could not stop the attack—one after another, they began to fall.
德克萨斯人英勇地战斗,但他们无法阻止攻击——一个接一个地开始倒下.
Travis was one of the first defenders to die, hit in the head by a musket ball.
特拉维斯是最早死亡的捍卫者之一,被一发步枪球击中头部.
Mexican soldiers surged through the Alamo compound and surrounding rooms, finding Bowie lying on his cot.
墨西哥士兵从阿拉莫大院和周围房间涌出,发现鲍伊躺在他的床上.
One soldier shot Bowie in the head, and several others plunged their bayonets into him.
一名士兵向鲍伊头部开枪,另有几名士兵将刺刀倒入他体内.
It is not known how or where Crockett died.
不知道克罗克特是怎样或在哪里死的
Some historians think he may have been killed in the chapel, while others think he was captured with several other defenders at the end of the battle and immediately executed.
一些历史学家认为他可能在礼拜堂被杀死了,而另一些人则认为他在战役结束时与其他几位维权者被俘并被立即处决.
Soon the Mexican troops were streaming over the walls.
不久,墨西哥军队就越过了城墙.
Some of the remaining defenders retreated to either the chapel or the long barracks, while others left the Alamo and fought outside the walls.
其余的维权者有的退入了礼拜堂或长兵营,有的则出走阿拉莫并出城外出战.
The fighting became brutal hand-to- hand combat.
战斗变成了残酷的手相搏.
When the sun rose, the Alamo was quiet.
太阳升起后,阿拉莫人安静.
The battle had lasted just 90 minutes.
战斗只持续了90分钟.
The Alamo’s women and children, and a slave who had been owned by Travis, were the only Texian survivors.
Alamo的妇女和儿童是特拉维斯拥有的奴隶,他们是唯一的特克西安幸存者。
Santa Anna allowed them to leave.
圣安娜允许他们离开
Soon after the battle, Santa Anna ordered his men to stack the bodies of the Alamo defenders into three large piles and burn them.
战斗结束不久后,圣安娜命令手下将阿拉莫维权者的尸体堆入三个大堆放地并焚毁.
Santa Anna had triumphed, but the battle had been costly for him.
圣安娜已经取得了胜利,但是这场战斗对他来说代价高昂.
About 600 of his soldiers were dead or wounded, and he still hadn’t ended the Texas Revolution.
他的士兵约有600人死伤,
The Defeat of Santa Anna During the siege, the Texian leaders had declared Texas to be independent of Mexico.
圣安娜之败 在围城期间,德克萨斯领导人宣布德克萨斯州独立于墨西哥.
Santa Anna set out to locate and fight the main Texian army, which was led by Sam Houston.
圣诞老人 安娜出动定位并对抗由山姆·休斯敦所率领的德克萨斯主力军.
The Texian army numbered about 900 men east of San Antonio.
德克萨斯军队在圣安东尼奥以东约有900人.
Santa Anna felt certain that he would have no trouble winning a quick victory against them.
圣诞老人 安娜觉得他可以肯定,他不会在迅速战胜他们时遇到任何麻烦.
Houston knew that losing his army to Santa Anna would be the end of the revolution.
休斯敦知道将军队输给圣安娜将是革命的终结.
So he slowly retreated eastward, refusing to meet the Mexican general in battle.
于是他缓慢地向东撤退,拒绝在战斗中与墨西哥将领相会.
Santa Anna was so confident about beating the Texians that he became careless.
圣安娜对打败德克萨斯人充满了信心,以至于变得不小心.
On April 21, his army was resting near the San Jacinto (ha-SEEN- toh) River.
4月21日,他的军队正在圣贾辛托河(ha-SEEN-toh)附近休息.
Santa Anna knew Houston’s army was nearby, but he didn’t worry about it.
圣诞老人 Anna知道休斯敦的军队就在附近,
He was sure the Texians wouldn’t even think of attacking him.
他肯定德克萨斯人不会想攻击他。
Houston decided that the time for action had arrived.
休斯敦决定行动时间已经到来.
He ordered his army to make a surprise attack against Santa Anna.
他命令他的军队对圣安娜进行出其不意的攻击.
In the Battle of San Jacinto, the Texians defeated the Mexican army.
在圣贾辛托战役中德克萨斯人击败了墨西哥军队.
Nearly every Mexican soldier was killed or taken prisoner.
几乎每个墨西哥士兵被杀死或被俘.
This famous painting shows what the Battle of the Alamo might have looked like on the morning of March 6.
这幅出名的画展现了阿拉莫战役在3月6日早晨可能的样子.
Santa Anna escaped but was captured the next day.
圣安娜逃脱了,但第二天被俘.
The Texians brought him to face General Houston.
德克萨斯人把他带到了休斯顿将军面前.
Santa Anna agreed to take his remaining men back to Mexico and to grant Texas its independence.
圣安娜同意把他剩下的人带回墨西哥并给予德克萨斯独立.
The Republic of Texas For nine years, Texas was an independent nation, the Republic of Texas, and Sam Houston served twice as its president.
德克萨斯共和国 九年来德克萨斯州是一个独立国家德克萨斯共和国,山姆·休斯敦两次出任总统.
The republic, however, had many problems.
然而,共和国存在许多问题。
It had little money, and it continued to have trouble with Mexico.
它的钱很少,并且继续困扰着墨西哥。
Most people in Texas thought that Texas should be part of the United States.
德克萨斯州大多数人认为德克萨斯州应该是美国的一部分.
In 1845, the U.
1845年,U.
S.
师曰.
Congress voted to make Texas a member of the Union, and in December of that year, Texas became the 28th state of the United States.
国会投票决定让德克萨斯州成为联盟成员,同年12月德克萨斯州成为美国第28个州.
This painting shows the surrender of Santa Anna to Houston at San Jacinto.
这幅画显示圣安娜在圣贾辛多向休斯敦投降.
Remember the Alamo For years after the 1836 battle, the Alamo lay in ruins.
记住阿拉莫 在1836年战役后多年,阿拉莫号被埋入废墟.
In 1846, after Texas became a state, the U.
1846年,德克萨斯州成为州后,U.
S.
师曰.
army began using the Alamo.
军队开始使用阿拉莫号.
It repaired the chapel walls and put a new roof on it, adding the now-familiar top to the chapel’s damaged facade.
它修复了礼拜堂的墙壁,并在上面加了一个新的屋顶,在礼拜堂被破坏的外观上增加了现在的名人顶部.
In the late 1800s, the army established a new post in San Antonio—Fort Sam Houston.
1800年代末,军队在圣安东尼奥-山姆·休斯敦堡建立了一个新的哨所.
The Alamo and surrounding grounds were later acquired by the state of Texas.
阿拉莫和周边地块后来被德克萨斯州收购.
For years, the Alamo has been maintained by the Daughters of the Republic of Texas.
多年来,阿拉莫号一直由德克萨斯共和国的女儿会维护.
They preserve it as a historic shrine with landscaped gardens and a museum as a way to remember the brave men who lost their lives there.
他们把它保存为历史圣所,有景观园林和博物馆,以此来纪念在那里牺牲的勇士.