Life in Space
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Weightless Living.
内容无重活表.
4 The Race to Space.
4"竞速太空".
5 Space Stations.
5个空间站.
6 An Astronaut’s Life.
6 宇航员生平.
8 Sleeping.
8,睡觉。
9 Eating.
9吃饱.
10 Using the Toilet.
10 使用厕所。
11 Bathing and Teeth Cleaning.
11 沐浴与牙齿清洁.
12 Free Time.
12"自由时间".
13 Exercising.
13 锻炼.
14 Back to Earth.
14号返回地球。
15 Glossary.
15 词汇。
16 Weightless Living You wake up just as the Sun is rising.
16 无重活 太阳升起的时候你醒来了
It takes a moment to untangle from the sleeping bag in the small space.
从小空间的睡袋上解开需要一点时间.
Opening the door, you grab a handle and flip yourself over.
开门,你拿把把把柄 翻过来
With a gentle push, you fly from one end of the room to the other.
以温柔的推力从一端起飞到另一端.
Another crew member floats by, hands you some coffee, and says, “Good morning,” in Russian.
另一位船员漂来,给你一些咖啡,并说:"早上好,"用俄语。
You thank him and yawn, tired because you haven’t slept much.
你感谢他和打哈欠,
Your stomach isn’t used to the lack of gravity yet—and you’re incredibly excited.
您的胃还没有习惯于缺乏重力,
You’re about to begin your first full day working aboard the International Space Station.
你即将开始在国际空间站上工作的第一天。
You’ve trained for years, but even the simplest activities are difficult without gravity.
但即使是最简单的活动,
It’s almost as if you have to learn how to do them all over again.
这几乎就像你必须学习如何再做一次。
You won’t head back to Earth for another six months, so you may as well get started.
你再半年也不会返回地球,
A space shuttle docks with the International Space Station.
航天飞机与国际空间站对接.
The Race to Space Humans began racing into space in the 1950s and 1960s.
"竞速飞向太空"(The Race to Space Humans)于1950年代和1960年代开始向太空赛跑.
The first person in space was cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin, from Russia (then part of the Soviet Union).
太空中第一人是来自俄罗斯(当时是苏联的一部分)的宇航员尤里·加加林.
He orbited Earth one time and landed safely after 108 minutes on April 12, 1961.
他在地球轨道上飞行了一次,并在1961年4月12日108分钟后安全着陆.
In August of the same year, another Soviet cosmonaut orbited Earth more than 17 times in about 25 hours.
同年8月,另一位苏联宇航员在大约25小时内绕出地球轨道超过17次.
Technology advanced quickly, and people went farther and stayed longer in space.
技术迅速发展,人们走得更远,在太空停留的时间更长。
In 1968, U.
1968年,吴.
S.
师曰.
astronauts aboard Apollo 8 successfully orbited the Moon.
阿波罗8号上的宇航员成功绕入了月球轨道.
On July 20, 1969, the crew of Apollo 11 stepped onto the Moon’s surface.
1969年7月20日,阿波罗11号的船员踏入了月球表面.
Space programs continued to create vehicles that let people stay in space for days or weeks.
空间方案继续制造载体,使人们在空间中停留数天或数周。
However, scientists had plans for a space station in which people could actually live for months, or even years.
然而,科学家们有一个空间站的计划,在这个空间站里,人们实际上可以生活几个月甚至几年。
Space Stations The Soviet Union launched the first space station in 1971.
空间站 苏联于1971年发射了第一个空间站.
It spent 175 days in space before it fell out of orbit and burned up while reentering Earth’s atmosphere.
它在太空中停留了175天才从轨道上掉出,并在重返地球大气层时被烧毁.
In 1973, the United States launched Skylab.
1973年,美国出动了Skylab.
It supported three missions before being abandoned in 1974.
它在1974年被放弃前支持了三项任务.
It fell to Earth in 1979.
1979年坠入地.
The Soviet Union launched the Mir (MEER) space station in 1986.
1986年苏联发射和平号(MEER)空间站.
It was the first space station that lasted more than a few years.
它是第一个持续了几年多的空间站.
Mir remained in orbit for fifteen years—three times longer than planned.
和平号在轨道上停留了15年——比计划长了3倍。
It hosted scientists from many different countries.
它接待了来自许多不同国家的科学家。
The Soyuz spacecraft, first created in the 1960s, are still being used to take people to and from the International Space Station.
最早创建于1960年代的"联盟"号飞船仍然被用来接人进出国际空间站.
Days in Space Russian scientist Dr.
俄罗斯航天科学家日
Valeri Polyakov spent 438 days in space in 1994 and 1995.
1994年和1995年瓦莱里·波利亚科夫在太空中度过了438天.
During his record-setting stay, Dr.
在他的录制期间,博士。
Polyakov lived on Mir and orbited Earth 7,075 times.
波利亚科夫居住在和平号上并环绕地球运行了7,075次.
Dr.
医生
Polyakov’s record still stands.
Polyakov的纪录依然存在。
A space shuttle docks with Mir.
航天飞机与和平号对接.
Before Mir fell to Earth in 2001, work began on a new, larger space station.
在2001年和平号坠入地球之前,开始建造一个新的,更大的空间站.
The United States, Russia, Japan, Canada, and other countries worked together.
美国,俄罗斯,日本,加拿大等国合作.
In 1998, the first section of the International Space Station (ISS) was launched into orbit.
1998年,国际空间站(ISS)的第一部分被送入轨道.
More sections have been added over the years, and more are planned for the future.
这些年来增加了更多的部分,并计划今后增加更多的部分。
As of 2012, the ISS measured 357 feet (108.
截至2012年,国际空间站测得357英尺(108.
8 m) long and weighed almost 1 million pounds (453,592.
8米)长而重近一百万磅(453,592.
3 kg).
(原始内容存档于2013-10-12). 3 kg.
It can even be seen in the night sky without using a telescope.
它甚至可以在夜空上不使用望远镜看到.
Over the years, more than two hundred people from fifteen countries have visited the station.
多年来,来自15个国家的200多人参观了该站.
It has more living space than the average five- bedroom house.
它的居住空间比一般的五间卧室多.
The amount of time an astronaut spends on the ISS varies.
宇航员在国际空间站上花费的时间各不相同。
Many stay for about three to six months.
许多人停留约3至6个月.
That’s up to six months of living and working without gravity in a small space with three to six other people.
与另外三到六个人一起,
The crew members might be from different countries and speak different languages, but they are a team.
船员可能来自不同国家,语言不同,但他们是一个团队。
It can be very stressful.
压力很大
An Astronaut’s Life Astronauts go to school for many years before they begin training.
宇航员的生命 宇航员在开始训练前要上学很多年.
The physical training involves being weightless while flying in an airplane.
体能训练包括飞机飞行时不重.
Astronauts also spend up to seven hours in a space suit while working underwater.
宇航员在水下工作时,还穿着太空服需要7小时。
They work on life-size models of space vehicles in a huge 6.
他们研究了巨大的6个空间飞行器的寿命模型.
2 million-gallon (23.
200万加仑(23.
5 million liter) pool.
500万升) 游泳池.
Once on the ISS, however, astronauts still have to adjust to the lack of gravity.
然而,一旦进入国际空间站,宇航员仍然必须适应缺乏重力的情况。
Sick in Space The change to being weightless can make some people ill.
空间病 变回无重会让一些人生病.
Fortunately, the ISS comes with special bags.
幸运的是,国际空间站有特别的包。
They have a cloth side that can be used to clean up as well as an extra sealable bag attached for easy disposal.
它们有一个可以用来清理的布边,以及一个额外的可密封袋,以方便处置.
The ISS is as long as a football field!
国际空间站就像足球场一样长!
An astronaut practices repairing part of the ISS on an underwater model.
宇航员在水下模型上修补国际空间站的一部分。
Working underwater helps prepare them for space walks.
在水下工作有助于他们为太空行走做准备.
Sleeping The ISS has six small “sleep pods” that each hold a sleeping bag with armholes.
睡觉 国际空间站有6个小型“睡眠舱”,每个舱都有一个有臂孔的睡袋。
Each bag is tied to the wall to keep the astronaut from floating away.
每个袋子被绑在墙上,以免宇航员漂出.
Because of the space station’s orbit, astronauts on board see sixteen sunrises and sunsets every day.
由于空间站的轨道,船上的宇航员每天看到16个出日出和日落.
Since people are used to sleeping at night and being awake during the day, this can cause serious sleep problems.
由于人们习惯了晚上睡觉,白天会醒着,这会造成严重的睡眠问题.
The space station has a “shades down” period, during which it is dark and quiet to allow the astronauts to get the sleep they need.
空间站有一个“阴影倒下”的时期,在此期间,让宇航员们得到他们需要的睡眠是黑暗而安静的。
Eating Astronauts eat many of the foods most people enjoy, such as chicken, fruits, peanut butter, and brownies.
食用宇航员会吃很多人们最享受的食物,如鸡肉,水果,花生酱和布朗尼等.
The ISS has no refrigerator, so all food must be packed in such a way that it won’t spoil.
国际空间站没有冰箱,所以所有食物必须装好,以免被破坏。
The station does have an oven, however.
不过车站确实有一个烤箱.
Some food can be eaten as is.
一些食物可以像现在这样被吃.
Other food, such as spaghetti, must have water added.
其他食品,如意大利面,必须加水.
Astronauts use liquid salt and pepper.
宇航员使用液体盐和胡椒.
Regular salt and pepper would float away and damage the space station equipment.
正常的盐和胡椒会漂去并损坏空间站设备。
Once the food is prepared, however, astronauts still have to get used to swallowing.
然而,一旦食物做好了准备,宇航员仍需习惯于吞咽.
Astronaut Piers Sellers said it was like “eating while lying on one side.”
宇航员皮尔斯·塞勒斯(Piers Sellers)说,这就像“一边躺着一边吃饭。 “
An astronaut has a breakfast of eggs and sausage on a tortilla with coffee on the ISS.
宇航员在托尔地拉上吃鸡蛋和香肠早餐,在国际空间站上加咖啡.
Astronaut Alvin Drew prepares to sleep on the ISS.
宇航员阿尔文·德鲁准备在国际空间站上入睡.
Using the Toilet With the way things float around in space, using the bathroom can be tricky.
使用厕所,在太空中漂浮的方式, 使用浴室可能是棘手的。
Astronauts need special training to use the toilet.
宇航员需要特殊训练才能使用厕所.
The toilets on the ISS have two parts.
国际空间站的厕所有两个部分。
For liquid waste, astronauts use a tube with a nozzle.
对于液体废物,宇航员使用有喷管的管子.
For solid waste, astronauts must use foot straps and handles to stay in place.
对于固体废物,宇航员必须使用脚带和手柄来保持原地.
They have to position themselves over a 4-inch (10 cm) opening.
它们必须定位在4英寸(10厘米)的开口上.
The average toilet on Earth has a 12- to 16-inch (30.
地球上的平均厕所有12至16英寸(30.
6 cm) opening.
6厘米)开口.
The toilet uses light suction to take the waste from the opening or tube to where it is stored in another part of the station.
厕所使用光吸取来将废物从开口或管子取出至车站另一部分所储存的地方.
Bathing and Teeth Cleaning Astronauts use water and special soap on a cloth to wash their bodies.
洗澡和牙齿清洁宇航员在布上用取水和特制肥皂来洗取身体.
They wash their hair with shampoo that uses no water.
他们用不用水的洗发水来洗发.
To clean their teeth, they use toothpaste that can be swallowed when they’re finished.
他们使用牙膏清洗牙齿,
Astronaut Karen Nyberg shows how she washes her hair on the ISS.
卡伦宇航员 Nyberg展示了她如何在国际空间站上洗发.
The tube hanging on the wall is for liquid waste.
挂在墙上的管子是用于液体废物.
The base on the floor is for solid waste.
地上基座为固体废弃物.
The ISS has two toilets, which have stopped working more than once.
国际空间站有两个厕所,停用不止一次。
To repair a toilet, astronauts must use parts sent from Earth, which can take months.
为了修复厕所,宇航员必须使用从地球发出的零件,这可能需要几个月的时间.
Free Time Astronauts on the ISS might play cards, read, or write, among other things.
国际空间站的"自由时空"宇航员可以打牌,读书或写作等等.
Keeping in touch with loved ones is also important.
与所爱的人保持联系也很重要。
Astronauts are able to make calls and have video chats.
宇航员可以打电话并进行视频聊天.
Sometimes astronauts answer questions from students all over the world or give video tours of the station.
有时宇航员会回答来自世界各地学生的提问,或者对空间站进行视频巡视.
Many just look out the windows or take photos.
很多人只是看着窗外或拍照。
Who can blame them?
谁能怪他们?
The view is pretty amazing.
景色相当惊人。
Exercising When people exercise on Earth, their bones and muscles must work against gravity, which makes them stronger.
练习 当人们在地球上锻炼时,他们的骨骼和肌肉必须与重力相抗衡,这使其更强大.
Because of the lack of gravity in space, it takes very little strength or effort to move things that might be extremely heavy on Earth.
由于太空中缺乏重力,移动地球上可能极其重的物体需要的力或努力都很少.
Because of this ease, astronauts’ bones and muscles weaken over time.
由于这种容易,宇航员的骨骼和肌肉随时间推移而减弱.
Astronauts must work out at least two hours every day.
宇航员必须每天至少工作两个小时.
The special exercise equipment in the ISS gym uses resistance to help the astronauts stay strong.
国际空间站体育馆内的特演设备使用阻力来帮助宇航员保持坚固.
Even with a daily workout, most astronauts lose 20 to 30 percent of their muscle during their six-month stay.
即使每天锻炼,大多数宇航员在停留6个月期间都会失去20%到30%的肌肉.
Astronaut Luca Parmitano exercises on a treadmill on the ISS.
宇航员卢卡·帕尔米塔诺在国际空间站的跑步机上演习.
Astronaut Chris Hadfield plays guitar on the ISS.
克里斯宇航员 哈德菲尔德在国际空间站上弹出吉他.
During his last visit to the space station, he even made a music video.
在他最后一次访问太空站期间,他甚至还制作了一段音乐视频.
Back to Earth When astronauts return to Earth from the ISS, the work isn’t over.
回到地球来 当宇航员从国际空间站返回地球时,
Recovery from spending months in space takes a long time.
在空间中度过的几个月的复苏需要很长时间。
For a six-month stay on the ISS, it takes six weeks of working out to regain lost muscle.
在国际空间站停留6个月需要6周才能恢复失去的肌肉。
It can take a whole year for an astronaut’s bones to fully recover.
宇航员的骨骼可能需要一整年才能完全恢复.
Astronauts have to work hard, but the time spent living and working in space is worth it.
宇航员必须努力工作,但是在太空生活和工作所花的时间是值得的.
Scientists always keep an eye on the astronauts’ physical and mental health.
科学家总是关注宇航员的身心健康。
The information they gather has already helped astronauts live healthier and happier lives.
他们收集的信息已经帮助宇航员过上更健康更幸福的生活.
This information might mean the success or failure of future space exploration.
这种信息可能意味着未来空间探索的成败。
Glossary astronauts (n.)
术语表宇航员(不详)
people trained to travel and work in space (p.
接受过太空旅行和工作培训的人(p.
5) cosmonaut (n.)
5) 宇航员 (n.
a person trained to travel and work in space; a Russian word for “astronaut” (p.
a. 受过空间旅行和工作训练的人;
5) gravity (n.)
5)重力(n.
the natural force that tends to pull objects toward each other, such as objects being pulled toward the center of Earth (p.
倾向于将物体拉向对方的自然力,例如被拉向地球中心的物体(p.
4) nozzle (n.)
4) 喷嘴 (n.
a part at the end of a hose, pipe, or tube that is used to direct and control a stream of liquid or gas (p.
用于引导和控制一流液体或气体的管、管或管末部(p.
11) orbited (v.)
11) 有轨(五.
revolved around another object (p.
围绕另一个对象(p.
5) resistance (n.)
5) 抵抗 (n.
force that slows motion (p.
拖动力(p.
14) space station (n.)
14)空间站 (n.
a spacecraft in which people can live for a long time, used for scientific experiments and research (p.
用于科学实验和研究的航天器(p.
4) technology (n.)
4) 技术(n.
the use of scientific knowledge or tools to make or do something (p.
利用科学知识或工具制造或做某事(p.
5) training (n.)
(5) 培训(不详)
the teaching of a specific skill or behavior (p.
教授特定技能或行为(p.
8) Astronauts return to Earth from the ISS in 2013.
8) 2013年宇航员从国际空间站返回地球.