The Last Great Race
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Introduction.
导言表。
4 The Inspiration.
4 灵感。
5 History.
5 历史.
7 The Route.
7号公路
9 The Mushers.
9"穆舍尔人".
15 The Dogs.
15"狗队".
17 Conclusion.
17 结论。
22 Explore More.
22 探索更多。
23 Glossary.
23 词汇表。
24 Introduction It is hard to imagine anyone wanting to travel almost 2,000 kilometers (1,242 mi) across the Alaskan wilderness in the dead of winter.
导言 很难想象有谁想在冬天死去时穿越阿拉斯加的荒野,
It is even harder to imagine someone doing it behind a sled pulled by a team of dogs.
更难想象有人在一队狗拉起的雪橇后面这样做
Yet every year since 1973, dozens of men and women have participated in what is known as “The Last Great Race on Earth.”
然而,自1973年以来,每年都有数十名男女参加了所谓的“地球上最后的伟大赛跑”。 “
The race, better known as the Iditarod, starts in Anchorage, Alaska, on the first Saturday in March.
该赛事更被称作"伊迪塔罗德"(Iditarod),于3月的第一个星期六从阿拉斯加的安克雷奇开始.
It is without a doubt one of the most grueling sporting events ever held.
毫无疑问,这是有史以来最令人发指的体育活动之一。
The Inspiration In the winter of 1925, a terrible disease called diphtheria struck the town of Nome on the central coast of Alaska.
灵感 1925年冬,一种被称作白喉的可怕疾病袭击了阿拉斯加中海岸的诺姆镇.
Diphtheria, which usually attacks children, is caused by bacteria that infect the lungs, suffocating the victim.
通常会攻击儿童的白喉由感染肺部的细菌所引起,令被害者窒息.
It can be treated with an injection of serum.
可以注射血清来治疗.
But during the harsh winter, Nome was running out of serum.
但在严寒的冬季,诺姆的血清已经耗尽.
Doctors in Nome sent an urgent plea to the city of Anchorage, asking for more.
诺姆的医生们向安克雷奇市发出紧急求援,要求更多.
Someone suggested they send the serum by plane, but flying was dangerous in 1925.
有人建议他们用飞机发送血清,但1925年的飞行是危险的.
The planes of that time could not cope with the fierce storm that was raging.
当时的飞机无法应付正在肆虐的猛烈风暴.
Instead, the serum was loaded on a train and sent northward to Nome.
取而代之的是,血清被装入了一列火车上并被北上送往诺姆.
Unfortunately, the train tracks ended about 1,100 kilometers (683 mi) short of the town.
不幸的是,列车轨距该镇相差约1100公里(683米).
The only way to cover the remaining distance was by dogsled.
唯一能遮住剩余距离的方法就是被狗咬住.
A musher, or sled driver, loaded the serum from the train and traveled to a village or house, where he passed it to another musher.
一个musher,或者说雪橇司机,从火车上装上血清并去到一个村庄或房子,在那里他把它传给了另一个musher.
The next musher passed the serum to another musher at a second village or house, and so on all the way to Nome.
下一位穆舍人把血清传给了另一个穆舍人,在第二个村庄或房子,等等一路到诺姆.
Thanks to the brave mushers, Nome’s children were saved.
多亏了勇敢的穆斯林,诺姆的孩子才得以得到拯救。
Do You Know?
你知道吗?
The lead dog of the sled-dog team that arrived with the serum in Nome in 1925 became famous.
1925年带着血清来到诺姆的雪橇-狗队的主犬出名.
His name was Balto, and he was the subject of many news reports.
他的名字叫巴尔托,他也是许多新闻报道的主题.
Balto even went on tour throughout the United States and Canada with other dogs from his team.
巴尔多甚至和他的球队中的其他狗一起到美国和加拿大各地巡演.
He eventually retired to the Cleveland, Ohio, zoo and died in 1933.
他最终退休到俄亥俄州克利夫兰,动物园并死于1933年.
Today, schoolchildren have begun a campaign to return Balto’s preserved body to Alaska.
今天,学童们已经开始将巴尔托保存的尸体送回阿拉斯加的运动。
History The 1925 journey demonstrated how important dogsledding had once been for the people of Alaska.
历史 1925年的旅程表明,对阿拉斯加人民来说,修狗曾经有多重要。
But by 1967, dogs were being replaced by snowmobiles, cars, and trucks.
但到1967年,狗被雪地车,汽车和卡车所取代.
Two Alaskans, Dorothy Page and Joe Redington Sr.
两个阿拉斯加人,多萝西·佩奇和乔·雷丁顿·斯尔.
, wanted to do something that would help save this 6,000-year- old tradition.
想要做点能拯救六千年传统的事
Dorothy, an Alaska history buff, and Joe, a dog breeder and musher, decided to hold a sled- dog race along the Iditarod trail, a route created during the Alaskan gold rush.
多萝西,一个阿拉斯加历史羽毛球运动员 和乔,一个养狗和缪斯克,决定举行 雪橇-狗比赛 沿着伊迪塔罗德小道, 这条路线是在阿拉斯加淘金热时期创造的。
The trail got its name from Alaskan Native Americans, who called the surrounding hunting area Haiditarod, or “The Distant Place.”
这条小道的名字取自阿拉斯加的美洲原住民,他们称周围的狩猎地为"海地塔罗德"(Haiditarod)或"异地"(The Distant Place). “
The route of the first race was about 90 kilometers (56 mi) and took only two days to complete.
首场比赛的路线大约为90公里(56米),仅用了两天就完成了.
In order to attract mushers, Joe and Dorothy raised $25,000 in prize money.
为了吸引穆舍人,乔和多萝西筹集了25000美元的奖金.
This was enough money to get 58 mushers to enter.
这钱足够让58名穆斯林进入
But the next year, the race was canceled because the mild winter led to a lack of snow and a lack of interest.
但次年赛事被取消,因为温和的冬季导致缺乏下雪和兴趣.
Another race was held in 1969, but organizers could only raise enough money for a $1,000 prize, and only 12 mushers entered.
1969年又举办了一场比赛,但组织者只能筹集到足够1000美元奖金的钱,只有12名缪斯赫人进入.
But the lack of interest did not discourage Joe Redington Sr.
但缺乏兴趣并没有让乔·雷丁顿·斯尔感到沮丧.
He was determined to make the race longer and more challenging.
他决心让比赛更漫长,更具挑战性.
In 1973, he extended the route to around 1,800 kilometers (1,100 mi).
1973年,他将路线扩展至约1800公里(1100米).
It now stretched from Anchorage to Nome and was the longest sled-dog race in the world.
它现在从Anchorage伸到Nome,是世界上最长的雪橇狗比赛.
Joe managed to increase the prize money to about $50,000.
乔设法将奖金增加到了约5万美元.
In 1973, 35 mushers entered the first official Iditarod.
1973年,35名缪斯赫人进入了第一个正式的伊德塔罗德.
It took the winner 20 days to complete the race, and the last-place finisher reached Nome 12 days later.
获胜者花了20天才完成比赛,最后一名完成者在12天后到达了诺姆.
Joe Redington Sr.
乔·雷丁顿 Sr.
The Route The trail taken by the mushers carrying serum in 1925 only covers about half of today’s northern Iditarod race trail.
路线 1925年穆舍人携带血清所走的路迹只覆盖了今天北部伊迪塔罗德赛跑道上大约一半的路段.
The current trail uses two routes, the northern and the southern, which split off for about 500 kilometers (300 mi) in the middle of the race.
目前的小道使用南北两条路线,在赛事中分出约500公里(300米).
On even-numbered years, mushers take the northern route, and on odd- numbered years, they take the southern route.
偶数年,穆舍人取取北方道;奇数年取取南方道.
The official opening of the race is a bustling ceremony in Anchorage.
赛事正式开场是在安克雷奇举行的繁忙仪式.
The dogs make a ceremonial run from Anchorage to Eagle River.
狗从安克雷奇跑到鹰江
Then the dogs are trucked to the official start in Wasilla.
然后,狗被卡车到 正式开始在瓦西拉。
This way, the dogs are not competing on the dangerous city streets of Anchorage, and they do not have to cross the treacherous Cook Inlet.
这样,狗们就不会在安克雷奇的危险城市街道上竞争,他们也不必越过狡猾的库克入城地.
Not every team starts at the same time.
并不是每个球队同时开始.
Instead, teams take off at two-minute intervals to prevent teams from running into each other.
相反,队伍每隔两分钟起飞,以防止队伍相撞.
The differences in time are erased at the required 24-hour stop, where officials hold the teams back for a few extra minutes.
在规定24小时停站时,时间差异被抹去,官员将球队扣后几分钟.
Since the race takes over a week to complete, there are 26 checkpoints along the route where mushers and dogs can rest.
由于赛事需要一周多的时间才能完成,沿途有26个检查站,穆舍和狗可以在此休息.
Before the race begins, mushers send dog food and other supplies to the checkpoints so they will not have to carry them on the trail.
赛事开始前,穆舍人会将狗粮等物资送到检查站,这样他们就不必在小道上携带.
The average distance between checkpoints is 74 kilometers (46 mi)—longer than the entire 1967 race—and the greatest distance between checkpoints is 150 kilometers (93 mi).
检查站之间的平均距离为74公里(46米)——比整个1967年的比赛还要长——检查站之间的最大距离为150公里(93米)。
The dogs can keep a steady speed of about 19 kilometers per hour (12 mph) for about 4 to 6 hours before they get tired.
狗可以保持约19公里的平稳时速(12 mph),持续约4到6小时后再被疲惫.
This is usually long enough to get from one checkpoint to the next.
这通常足够长的时间从一个检查站到另一个检查站。
But the dogs also rest on the trail, so the mushers don’t always stop at every checkpoint.
但狗也在小道上休息,
In order to keep the teams on course through the trackless wilderness, the trail is marked with orange stakes and reflective tape.
为了让队伍在无轨荒野中继续前进,小道上用橙色的桩子和反射带来标记.
Additional markers are set up in the mountains and along the coast.
山地和沿海设置了额外的标志.
Each year, volunteers set out about 12,000 stakes.
每年,志愿人员大约提出12,000个赌注。
Getting lost could cost a musher his or her life, so it is important that the trail be well marked.
迷路可能要花费他/她的生命,所以重要的是要对线索进行良好的标记.
Jeff King, Iditarod champion in 1993, 1996, 1998, and 2006 Off they go!
Jeff King),1993年,1996年,1998年和2006年伊迪塔罗德冠军. Off they go!
The Iditarod trail is filled with some of the most beautiful scenery in the world.
伊迪塔罗德小道充满了世界上最美丽的景色.
It crosses the Alaska Mountain Range at a gap known as Rainy Pass, though during the Iditarod, it is more likely to be a snowy pass.
它穿越阿拉斯加山地范围,在被称作"雨花山口"(Rainy Pass)的空隙上,虽然在"伊地塔罗德"(Iditarod)期间,它更有可能是雪花山口.
The trail also follows the Yukon River Valley and travels along the coast of the Bering Sea before reaching Nome.
出道也跟随育空河谷并沿白令海沿岸出行后再到达诺姆.
Along the way, it passes through thick forests and over frozen tundra.
沿途经过茂密的森林和冰冻的苔原.
The teams must cross frozen streams and rivers, which can be deadly if the ice is too thin.
队伍必须穿越冰冻的溪流和河流,如果冰层太薄,会致命.
Wild animals such as moose have been known to attack and kill dogs.
鹿等野生动物被指会攻击并杀死狗.
And racers can encounter fierce storms with arctic winds and driving snow.
而赛车手则会与北极风相遇并驾雪.
The trail ends in the small city of Nome.
出行道止于小城诺姆.
During the winter, the sun rises for only a few hours a day, and the race is a welcome celebration for the residents.
在冬季,日出每天只出行几个小时,赛事是居民的受人欢迎的庆典.
Citizens of Nome line the streets to watch the finishers come in.
诺姆的市民在街上排成一行 看完结者进来
While 55 to 75 mushers usually start, every year several drop out because of sickness, injury, or simple exhaustion.
虽然55至75名穆斯林通常开始,但每年有数人因疾病、受伤或简单的疲劳而辍学。
Today, winners of the Iditarod usually complete the race in 10 to 12 days.
今天,伊迪塔罗德的获胜者通常在10到12天后完成比赛.
The record time of 8 days, 18 hours, and 46 minutes was set in 2011 by John Baker.
2011年由约翰·贝克设定了8天18小时46分的创纪录时间.
There can be a full week between the times when the first and last mushers cross the finish line.
第一次和最后一次木赛尔人越过终点线的时间之间可以有一个完整的一周.
Do You Know?
你知道吗?
During the early days of dogsledding, a red lantern was hung outside a check- point to help the musher find shelter.
在警犬行走初期,在检查点外挂起一盏红色灯笼来帮助穆舍人找到避难所.
The lantern remained lit until the musher arrived.
灯笼一直被点着直到木舍人到达.
Today, a red lantern is hung over the finish line of the Iditarod.
今天,一盏红色的灯笼被挂在了伊迪塔罗德号的终点上.
The lantern is lit at the start of the race, and the last musher to cross the line puts it out.
赛事开始时灯笼被点燃了,最后越过线的木斯克将灯笼放出.
The Mushers Mushers come from all walks of life.
穆舍斯人出自各行各业.
They include professional athletes, tradespeople, authors, doctors, teachers, and lawyers.
他们包括职业运动员、商人、作者、医生、教师和律师。
Since 1974, both men and women have competed in the Iditarod.
1974年起,男女都出战了伊迪塔罗德.
Two women have won the race.
两个女人赢得了比赛。
One of them, Susan Butcher, has won four times.
其中,苏珊·布彻(英语:Susan Butcher)曾四次夺冠.
While many are Alaskans, mushers come from all around the world.
虽然许多人是阿拉斯加人,但穆斯林来自世界各地。
They come from many of the 50 states and from Canada, Russia, Norway, Japan, New Zealand, Great Britain, and Italy.
他们来自50个邦中的许多邦和加拿大,俄罗斯,挪威,日本,新西兰,大不列颠和意大利.
To enter the Iditarod, a musher must be at least 18 years old.
要进入伊迪塔罗德,一个穆斯林必须至少18岁。
He or she must have competed in a previous Iditarod or two qualifying races of at least 805 kilometers (500 mi) in the previous two years.
他或她一定是在前两年至少805公里(500米)的Iditarod或两个资格赛中竞争过.
Sled-dog racing is a solo sport, and all mushers compete in the Iditarod alone.
斯莱德-多克赛车是一种独奏运动,所有慕斯赫人单独在伊迪塔罗德竞技.
They have no crews waiting at the checkpoints to help them feed and care for their dogs.
他们没有人员在检查站等候,帮助他们喂养和照顾他们的狗.
Most mushers will feed their dogs and make straw beds for them even before they feed themselves.
多数木斯克人会在养活自己之前就给狗喂食并给它们做草床.
So what would cause someone to brave temperatures as low as –51º Celsius (–60º F), strong winds, blowing snow, wild animals, and treacherous ice, all on very little sleep?
那么,什么会导致一个人勇敢地承受低至-51摄氏度(-60摄氏度)的温度,强风,吹起雪来,野生动物和险恶的冰雪,都很少睡觉?
The winner’s prize of $50,000 or more may be an incentive, but most do it for the challenge, for the love of the sport, and the love of their dogs.
胜者奖金5万多美元可能是一种奖励,但大多数是为了挑战,为了对运动的热爱,以及他们的狗所爱.
Most participants are thrilled simply to finish the race.
大多数参与者都很高兴能完成比赛。
Do You Know?
你知道吗?
Since 1986, the Iditabike Race has been held alongside the Iditarod trail.
从1986年开始,伊迪塔比克赛车一直与伊迪塔罗德赛道并列.
In this 322-kilometer (200-mi) race, a hearty group of mountain bikers rides over the snow and ice, braving sub-zero temperatures and strong winds.
在这场322公里(200-米)的赛跑中,一群心地相向的山地自行车手骑行于雪地和冰上,吹出亚零温度和强风.
The Dogs The Iditarod is really about the dogs.
狗队 Iditarod是真正的狗。
The dogs who run the race, called huskies, have been specially bred to pull sleds the way collies have been bred to herd sheep.
赛跑的狗,被称作"胡斯基斯"(huskies),被特地培养来拉雪橇,而克力斯被饲养给牧羊的方式.
The sturdy, tough huskies can pull a sled carrying supplies and the musher, a total weight of 136 to 182 kilograms (300–400 lbs).
坚固而坚硬的胡斯基斯可以拉出带货的雪橇和木瑟,总重量为136到182公斤(300到400磅).
This may seem like a lot, but huskies love to pull.
这可能是很多, 但胡斯基人喜欢拉。
Huskies have also been bred to withstand extreme cold.
胡斯基斯还被培养成能承受极端寒冷.
They have two layers of fur.
它们有两层皮毛.
The outer layer, made of thick hairs, protects the dog from wind and water.
外层由厚毛所制出,可保护狗免受风和水的侵袭.
The inner layer is a lot like a sheep’s wool.
内地层多为羊毛.
It serves to insulate the body from cold temperatures and keep body heat from escaping.
它能够使身体免受寒冷的温度,并保持身体的热能出行.
Some people even use husky hair to make warm hats and gloves.
有些人甚至会用湿发来做温暖的帽子和手套.
The dogs do not lose heat by sweating through their skin as humans do.
狗不会因为汗出而失去热量 就像人类一样
Instead, they pant, and they sweat through their feet.
相反,他们喘了口气,脚上流出出汗来。
These adaptations allow huskies to run comfortably at temperatures below –51º Celsius (–60º F).
这些适应使得厚地在摄氏-51°(-60°F)以下的温度下可以舒适地运行.
Do You Know?
你知道吗?
Often, sled dogs on the Iditarod wear “booties” on their feet.
Iditarod号上的雪橇狗往往脚上穿有 " 靴子 " 。
The booties keep the dogs’ paws dry and prevent cuts from the sharp ice and rocks on the trail.
战利品让狗爪干燥,
A dog team can go through as many as 1,000 booties during an Iditarod.
一只狗队在Iditarod期间可以穿过多达1000个战利品.
This can get pretty expensive, since the booties cost about fifty cents each.
这会变得相当昂贵, 因为战利品每只花费约50美分。
Huskies can’t hide their enthusiasm.
Huskies无法掩盖他们的热情。
Huskies have also been bred to work as a team.
胡斯基斯还被培养成团队.
This is important, since the whole team must work together to pull the sled.
这一点很重要,因为整个团队必须共同努力来拉起雪橇.
An Iditarod team can have as many as 16 dogs.
一个伊迪塔罗德团队可以拥有多达16只狗.
Usually, an experienced lead dog runs at the front of the team and helps set the pace.
通常情况下,一头经验丰富的领跑狗会跑到球队前部,并会帮助设定速度.
Huskies are extremely friendly dogs, and, like most dogs, they love to please their owners.
胡斯基斯是极其友好的狗,同大多数狗一样,他们喜欢取悦主人.
Care of the huskies before, during, and after the race is of utmost importance to the mushers and to the officials who run the Iditarod.
在赛前,赛后和赛后照顾胡斯基人对穆舍人和掌管"伊地他罗德"的官吏至关重要.
Veterinarians wait at each checkpoint to examine the dogs as they come in.
兽医在每个检查站等候检查狗进来时.
Dogs suffering from frostbite, exhaustion, or injury are pulled from the race.
被冻伤,疲劳,或受伤的狗被拉出比赛.
In fact, most mushers drop off one or more dogs that become tired or don’t want to run anymore.
事实上,大多数穆斯林会把一只或多只疲惫或不想再跑的狗放下来。
There are three mandatory stops during the race to let the dogs rest.
比赛期间有3个强制停站让狗休息.
The first one, taken at the musher’s choice of checkpoint, is 24 hours long.
在Musher选择检查站时,第一个检查站长24小时。
The other two are 8 hours long and are made at specific checkpoints.
其余两个时间为8小时,在特定检查站进行。
Mushers who mistreat their dogs are disqualified.
虐待狗的缪斯赫被取消资格.
A vet checks a resting husky.
兽医检查了休息室
Lead dogs are tough, enthusiastic, and experienced.
铅狗很强壮 热情活泼 经验丰富
The dogs eat a lot during the race to keep their energy high.
狗在赛事中吃得很多,以保持高能.
One dog can consume up to 10,000 calories per day.
一只狗每天能消耗一万卡路里。
The dogs’ diets are rich in fat and protein from meat, pure fat, and dry dog food.
狗的饮食富含从肉类,纯脂肪,干狗食物得到的脂肪和蛋白质.
They also need a lot of water, which the mushers warm up so that the dogs will not lose heat.
它们也需要大量的水,而黏液会取暖,使狗不会失去热量.
The dogs typically eat three meals a day during rests, and they also get lots of snacks on the trail.
狗通常在休息期间每天吃三餐,在小道上也得到许多小吃.
Conclusion The Iditarod, also known as the “Last Great Race,” is a grueling competition between sled-dog teams.
结论 伊迪塔罗德号又称"最后大赛"(英語:Last Great Race)是雪橇-狗队之间的一场激烈竞争.
They race across the Alaskan wilderness for 10 to 12 days for a more than $50,000 prize.
他们横穿阿拉斯加荒地比赛了10到12天,奖金超过5万美元.
Mushers come from around the world to compete.
穆舍斯从世界各地来参赛.
Journalists, TV networks, and newspaper reporters from across the globe come to cover the race.
来自世界各地的记者、电视网和报纸记者都来报道这场比赛。
But it is not the money or the fame that attracts the mushers.
但吸引穆斯林的不是金钱或名声。
The mushers do not really race their teams against one another; they race against the hardships of the wilderness and against themselves.
武士们并不真正地相互竞争他们的队伍;他们与荒野的艰难和自我竞争。
Any musher will tell you that the true heroes of the Iditarod are the huskies who run almost 2,000 kilometers (1,243 mi) over some of the harshest, most beautiful land on Earth.
任何穆斯林都会告诉你,伊迪塔罗德人的真正英雄是那些在地球上一些最严酷,最美丽的地盘上跑出近2000公里(1,243米)的胡斯基人.
Food Consumed per Meal Food Type Quantity Dry dog food.
按食物种类计算 干狗饭.
4 kilograms (12 oz) Meat.
4公斤(12克)肉类.
5 kilograms (1 lb) Fat.
5公斤(1磅)脂肪。
25 kilograms (8 oz) Water 1 liter (1 qt) The Iditarod is, above all, solitary.
25公斤 (8 oz) 水 1 升 (1 克特) Iditarod 首先是被隔离.
Like any athletic team, the dogs go through rigid training before the race.
和任何运动队一样,狗在比赛前都经过了僵化的训练.
Sled dogs are trained to pull from the time they are puppies.
雪橇狗从小到大都要训练
Between September and February before the Iditarod, teams make practice runs of up to 2,253 kilometers (1,400 mi).
9月到2月,在伊迪塔罗德赛事之前,各队的练习跑跑跑跑高达2,253公里(1,400米).
They also compete in smaller races of 322 kilometers (200 mi) or more.
他们还在322公里(200米)或以上的小赛跑中出战.
In the end, the best-trained team is usually the winner.
最终,训练有素的球队通常都是取胜者.
Explore More On the Internet A.
(原始内容存档于2012-10-10). Explore More on the Internet A.
In the address window, type www.
在地址窗口中,输入www.
google.
Google (英语).
com.
电话
B.
毕.
Type Iditarod into the search window and click on “Google Search.”
键入搜索窗口,点击“Google Search”。 “
C.
C组
Read the colored links.
读取有色链接.
Click on one that looks interesting.
点击一个看起来很有趣。
D.
D类.
When you want to explore more links, click on the back arrow at the top left.
如果您想要探索更多链接,请单击左上方的后箭头.
E.
（字母E）
You can also look up other Iditarod-related subjects, such as Susan Butcher, huskies, or dog training.
也可以浏览其他与伊迪塔罗德相关的科目,如苏珊·屠夫(Susan Butcher),胡斯基斯(huskies)或狗训练等.
At the Library Ask your librarian to help you find books on the Iditarod.
图书馆请图书管理员协助你找到关于Iditarod的书籍。
You can also look up books on dogsledding, huskies, and life in Alaska.
也可以查查关于"警犬","胡须","阿拉斯加的生活"等书籍.
Many adventure stories and other fiction books have been written about this rugged state.
许多冒险故事和其他虚构的书被写到这个崎岖的状态.
And some of the most amazing adventures are true.
而一些最令人惊奇的冒险是真实的.