John Muir
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents A Passion for Nature.
内容列表 A Passion for Natural.
4 Early Life.
4"早生" (中文(简体) ).
5 Freedom and Wild Places.
5"自由与荒野之地".
7 The High Sierra.
7高铁.
10 Nature Writer and Activist.
10 自然作家与活动家.
12 Muir’s Legacy.
12 缪尔的遗产.
15 Glossary.
15 词汇。
16 A Passion for Nature Long ago when people in the United States were settling the West, many spoke about conquering nature.
16 早在美国人们定居西方时,许多人谈到征服自然。
They wanted to clear land and use natural resources however they wished for houses, food, and clothing.
他们希望清扫土地,利用自然资源,无论他们希望得到什么住房、食物和衣服。
John Muir instead spoke about honoring nature.
而约翰·缪尔则谈到尊重大自然。
Muir’s passion for the natural world prompted him to live for years in remote cabins.
Muir对自然世界的热情促使他住在遥远的小屋里多年.
It drew him to explore large areas of California on foot.
它吸引他徒步去探索加利福尼亚大片地区.
It also took him to Alaska and many other parts of the world.
这也把他带到了阿拉斯加和世界许多其他地区.
Muir’s devotion to nature brought about greater public awareness of the environment.
Muir对自然的奉献提高了公众对环境的认识。
Muir was a champion of wild places, an eloquent writer and speaker, and the founder of an important environmental organization.
缪尔是野地的冠军,雄辩的作家和演说家,也是一个重要的环境组织的创始人.
His words inspired many people to get involved in the effort to preserve wilderness, including his beloved Yosemite Valley.
他的话激励了许多人参与保护荒野的努力,包括他所爱的约塞米蒂谷.
John Muir explored nature as a way of becoming closer to what he considered “the heart of the world.”
John Muir将自然作为接近他所认为的“世界心脏”的一种方法来探索。 “
Early Life John Muir was born on April 21, 1838, in Dunbar, Scotland.
早生约翰 缪尔于1838年4月21日生于苏格兰敦巴尔.
His father, Daniel, was a businessman and former soldier.
他的父亲丹尼尔是商人和前士兵.
His mother, Anne, was a homemaker who enjoyed painting, poetry, and nature.
他的母亲, 安妮是一位家庭主妇,他喜欢绘画、诗歌和自然。
John was the oldest son in a family with eight children.
约翰是一个家庭中有八个孩子的长子.
In 1849, the family moved to Wisconsin, in the United States, so Daniel could start a farm and earn more money.
1849年,全家搬到了美国威斯康星州,因此丹尼尔可以开办农场并赚取更多的钱.
Daniel was a strict disciplinarian who forced the children to work long hours doing farm labor.
丹尼尔是一个严格的纪律主义者,他强迫孩子们长时间工作做农活.
He only allowed them one small meal a day.
他每天只允许他们吃一顿小餐
The children’s health suffered as a result.
儿童的健康因此受到影响。
John Muir’s birthplace in Scotland is now a museum dedicated to his life and work.
约翰·缪尔(John Muir)在苏格兰的出生地现在是一个纪念他生活和工作的博物馆.
John received no formal education during those years, yet he had a deep thirst for knowledge.
约翰在那些年没有接受过任何正规教育,然而他对知识却非常渴求.
His father grudgingly allowed him to awaken early to have time to read.
他的父亲粗鲁地让他早起,有时间读书.
John rose at 1:00 a.
约翰在一点钟升起。
m.
（字母m）
literature, math, and other subjects on his own.
文学,数学, 和其他学科 自己。
Any free daylight hours were spent exploring the woods and fields around the family farm.
任何免费的日出时间都在探索家庭农场周围的树林和田地。
During John’s teen years, he became an accomplished inventor.
在约翰十多岁时,他成为了一位成就卓著的发明家.
He spent part of his early-morning time on his inventions, which included weather instruments.
他将他早期的部分时间花在了自己的发明上,其中包括了气象仪器.
A later invention—an unusual “alarm clock”—pushed him out of bed at a set time.
后来的一个发明——一个不寻常的"警报钟"——将他固定地从床上推出.
John Muir’s “alarm clock” was a combination desk and clock that attached to a collapsing bed.
约翰·穆尔的 " 警报钟 " 是紧接在倒塌的床上的一桌一钟。
At the appointed time, the invention lit a lamp and caused John to gently slide to the floor.
在指定的时间,发明点燃了一盏灯并让约翰轻轻地滑到地上.
Freedom and Wild Places By the time Muir was a young adult, he was restless to follow his passions.
自由与荒野 到了穆尔还年轻的时候,他沉迷于追随自己的激情.
An opportunity presented itself when he was twenty-two.
他22岁时就有机会了
A neighbor suggested that Muir show his inventions at the 1860 Wisconsin State Agriculture Fair in Madison.
一位邻居建议穆尔在麦迪逊1860年威斯康星州农业博览会展示他的发明.
The inventions, especially Muir’s alarm clock, were a huge hit.
这些发明,特别是穆尔的闹钟,是一个巨大的打击.
Jeanne Carr, one of the judges and Muir’s future mentor, awarded him a cash prize.
法官之一和穆尔的未来导师珍妮·卡尔(Jeanne Carr)向他颁发了现金奖.
As a result, he had some independence for the first time in his life.
因此,他第一次获得了一些独立.
Instead of returning home, he decided to stay in Madison and go to college.
他没有回家,而是决定留在麦迪逊上大学.
Jeanne Carr, a writer and amateur botanist, and Ezra Carr, a geology professor, became friends and teachers of Muir’s.
编剧兼业余植物学家Jeanne Carr和地质学教授Ezra Carr成为了Muir的朋友和老师.
At college, Muir mainly studied math and science, including botany—the science of plants.
在大学,缪尔主要学习数学和科学,包括植物学——植物科学.
In 1863, he left before earning a degree to attend what he called the “University of the Wilderness.”
1863年,他在获得学位参加他所称的“荒野大学”之前离开了。 “
Muir traveled on foot around Canada and the Midwest, observing nature and taking odd jobs to pay his way.
穆尔徒步走在加拿大和中西部一带,观察自然,并找零活来支付路费.
In 1866, Muir took a job working as a mechanic in Indianapolis, Indiana.
1866年,缪尔在印第安纳州印第安纳波利斯从事机械师工作.
The next year, a work- related eye injury briefly blinded him.
次年,与工作有关的眼部损伤使他短暂失明.
Though he feared he would lose his vision for good, it returned a month later.
虽然他担心自己会永远失去视力,但一个月后又回来了.
Muir suddenly realized he wasn’t doing what he loved most.
Muir突然意识到自己没有做他最爱的事。
He left his job and vowed to spend the rest of his life in nature.
他辞去工作,发誓在自然界度过余生.
Muir took off on September 1, 1867, hiking about 1,000 miles (1,609 km) to Florida.
缪尔于1867年9月1日起飞,徒步约1000英里(1,609公里)至佛罗里达.
He traveled along the “wildest, leafiest, and least trodden way,” he recalled in his writings.
他在著作中回忆说,他走的是“最荒凉、最活泼和最不踏实的道路”。
He reached the Gulf Coast in just over seven weeks.
他在7个多星期后到达了海湾海岸.
Days later, he fell seriously ill with malaria.
几天后,他患上疟疾。
The following Ja nua r y, somewhat recovered but still in poor health, Muir boarded a ship to Cuba.
以下的Ja nua r y,虽然有些恢复,但健康状况仍然不佳,Muir上船去古巴。
He hoped to travel to the Amazon to study the native plants.
他希望去亚马逊去研究原生植物.
Instead, he ended up going to San Francisco.
相反,他最终去了旧金山.
Arriving on March 28, 1868, he asked someone to show him the closest way out of town.
1868年3月28日抵达,他请人给他指示出城最近的路.
When the man asked where he wanted to go, Muir replied, “To any place that is wild.”
当该男子问他要去哪儿时,Muir回答说,“到任何野地去。 “
Muir’s 1867 Trip to Florida ATl An Ti C O Ce An Tennessee Gul F OF Mexi CO Indiana Kentucky Indianapolis North Carolina Georgia South Carolina Alabama Florida West Virginia Virginia Ohio Cedar Keys by train by foot by boat The High Sierra Traveling on foot, Muir headed for California’s Sierra Nevada mountains.
穆尔1867年去佛罗里达州 ATl An C O Ce An Tennias Gul F OF Mexi CO 印第安纳州 肯塔基州 印第安纳州 北卡罗来纳州 乔治亚州 南卡罗来纳州 阿拉巴马州 西弗吉尼亚州 俄亥俄州锡达凯斯乘火车徒步乘船"高山"(The High Sierra Traveling)徒步出行,缪尔驶向了加州的内华达山区.
The natural beauty of the area filled him with wonder.
该地区的自然美貌使他充满了奇想.
Although Muir was lonely without human connection, he was thrilled to be in a wilderness area.
虽然穆尔在没有人类联系的情况下很孤独,但他对在旷野地区感到兴奋.
Whenever he faced a choice between people and nature, the call of nature generally won out.
每当他面对人和自然之间的选择时,自然的呼唤一般都会取胜.
Muir’s first trip to the High Sierra was short, but he returned the following year.
穆尔第一次去高山的行程很短,但他于次年返回.
He worked briefly as a shepherd and later ran a sawmill near Yosemite Falls.
他短暂地做牧羊人,后在约塞米特瀑布附近经营了一座锯木厂.
Muir spent his free time exploring the land and celebrating nature.
穆尔花了大量时间去探索这片地并庆祝自然.
He drew inspiration from the writings of Ralph Waldo Emerson, who often wrote about the importance of connecting with nature.
他从拉尔夫·瓦尔多·爱默生的著作中汲取了灵感,他经常写出与自然联系的重要性.
In the early 1870s, Muir proposed the controversial idea that the movement of glaciers had carved Yosemite Valley.
在1870年代早期,缪尔提出了有争议的想法,即冰川运动已经刻出约塞米蒂谷.
At the time, most people thought that Yosemite had formed as a result of a huge earthquake.
当时,大多数人认为约塞米特是因一场大地震而形成的.
Muir was so fascinated with glaciers that he went deeper into the mountains to search for evidence.
缪尔迷上冰川后更深地入山去寻找证据.
In October 1871, his efforts paid off.
1871年10月,他的努力得到回报.
After tracking the paths of ancient, long-melted glaciers to mountain peaks, he finally found an actual glacier.
在跟踪了古老,被长期熔化的冰川到山峰的路径后,他终于发现了一个实际的冰川.
That winter, Muir’s article about glaciers forming Yosemite—his first publication—was printed in the New York Tribune.
当年冬天,穆尔关于冰川形成Yosemite(他的第一份出版物)的文章被刊登在纽约论坛报上。
His idea was later proved.
他的想法后来被证明.
People were beginning to take notice of Muir and his nature observations.
人们开始注意到穆尔和他的自然观察。
Other naturalists traveled to his cabin in Yosemite to meet with him, including Emerson in 1871.
其他的自然主义者去他位于约塞米蒂的小屋去见他,包括1871年的爱默生.
El Capitan and Yosemite Falls are two features of Yosemite Valley.
埃尔卡皮坦和约塞米特瀑布是约塞米特谷的两个特征.
Nature Writer and Activist In 1873, Muir moved to Oakland, California, to write magazine articles about his nature observations.
1873年,"自然作家"和"活动家"(Nature Writer and Activist)穆尔搬到了加利福尼亚州的奥克兰(Oakland, California),撰写了有关他自然观察的杂志文章.
He wrote to call attention to nature’s beauty and to urge people to protect it from destruction.
他写信呼吁人们注意大自然的美丽,敦促人们保护大自然免遭破坏.
In April 1880, Muir married Louisa (Louie) Strentzel.
1880年4月,缪尔与路易莎(英语:Louie (Louie) Strentzel)结婚.
He moved to Martinez, California, where her family owned a fruit ranch.
他搬到了加州的马丁内斯,她的家人在那里拥有一个水果牧场.
After a long trip to Alaska, he cut back on his travels for seven years and worked on the ranch.
在去阿拉斯加的长途旅行后,他中断了七年的旅行,并在牧场工作.
Although Muir was a dedicated husband, he was unhappy with his responsibilities on the ranch, and his health suffered.
虽然穆尔是一个忠于职守的丈夫,但他对自己在牧场上的责任感到不快,他的健康也受到损害.
Always restless to be in wilderness, he started traveling again with Louie’s encouragement.
在Louie的鼓励下,
Louie Wanda Strentzel Louie Wanda Strentzel (1847–1905) was the only child of Polish immigrants.
路易·旺达·斯特伦策尔·卢伊·旺达·斯特伦策尔(1847–1905)是波兰移民的独生子.
She received a formal education and achieved a perfect score in every subject she studied.
她接受了正规教育,在所学的每个科目中都取得了完美的分数.
She was musically gifted and could have been a concert pianist but preferred a quiet life on the family farm.
她有音乐天赋,本可以当音乐会钢琴家,但更喜欢在家庭农场过平静的生活.
Louie was supportive of her husband’s passion for remote nature areas but did not share it.
Louie支持她丈夫对边远自然区的热情,
They had two daughters, Wanda and Helen.
他们有两个女儿:旺达和海伦.
After traveling to Yosemite in 1889, Muir published two articles about the area’s beauty and the importance of protecting it.
1889年前往约塞米蒂后,缪尔发表了两篇文章,介绍该地区的美貌和保护它的重要性.
Other people helped Muir by persuading Congress to protect Yosemite.
其他人帮忙 说服国会保护约塞米蒂
The following year, Yosemite became the third U.
次年,约塞米蒂成为了第三个U.
S.
师曰.
national park.
国家公园。
Muir and many others knew that an organization was needed to protect Yosemite and other parts of the Sierra Nevada.
Muir和许多其他人知道需要有一个组织来保护约塞米特和内华达山脉的其他地方.
Muir helped found the Sierra Club in 1892 and became its first president.
1892年缪尔帮助找到了塞拉俱乐部并出任首任会长.
The Sierra Club has since become a leading conservation organization.
Sierra俱乐部从此成为了领先的保护组织.
In 1903, President Theodore Roosevelt asked to meet with Muir.
1903年,西奥多·罗斯福总统要求会见缪尔.
He wanted to better understand the needs of wilderness areas in the West.
他想更好地了解西方荒野地区的需要.
Honored, Muir took him on a camping trip into Yosemite.
很荣幸,穆尔带他去约塞米特野营
During the trip, Muir urged the president to set aside wilderness areas as protected parks.
在旅途中,穆伊尔敦促总统将荒野地区作为被保护的公园留出.
As a result, more areas of Yosemite became part of the national park.
因此,更多的约塞米蒂地区成为了国家公园的一部分.
Roosevelt also set aside many other wilderness areas for protection.
罗斯福还留出了许多其他荒地进行保护.
President Theodore Roosevelt and John Muir stand on Glacier Point.
西奥多·罗斯福总统和约翰·缪尔站在冰川点上.
In his later years, Muir spent more time writing about his travels.
在他后期的岁月里,缪尔花费了更多的时间来写他的旅行.
He was awarded honorary degrees from four universities.
曾被授予四所大学荣誉学位.
Muir also led a twelve-year fight to protect Yosemite’s Hetch Hetchy Valley from being flooded by a proposed dam.
Muir还领导了为期12年的战斗来保护约塞米特的Hetch Hitchy山谷不被拟议大坝淹没.
Despite efforts to stop the project, including a letter Muir wrote to Congress, it was approved in 1913.
尽管努力阻止了这个项目,包括缪尔写给国会的一封信,但在1913年获得批准.
However, the fight raised awareness about the protection of wild places.
然而,这场斗争提高了对野外场所保护的认识.
It also contributed to the 1916 creation of the National Park Service (NPS).
它还为1916年创立了"国家公园服务"(NPS)做出了贡献.
The NPS established stronger protections for all U.
核动力源加强了对所有铀的保护。
S.
师曰.
national parks.
国家公园。
John Muir died on December 24, 1914.
约翰·缪尔于1914年12月24日去世.
Although he did not live to see the founding of the National Park Service, his efforts helped make it a reality.
尽管他没有活着看到国家公园服务局的成立,他的努力帮助它成为现实.
Muir’s Legacy John Muir was one of the first people to call for practical action to preserve wild places.
Muir的遗产约翰 缪尔是最早呼吁采取实际行动来保护荒野地的人们之一.
As a founding father of the conservation movement, he devoted much of his life to protecting nature for future generations.
作为保护运动的开国之父,他一生中的大部分时间都致力于为后世保护自然.
John Muir struggled for years to find his true path in life.
约翰·缪尔(英语:John Muir)多年来为寻找自己真正的人生道路而挣扎.
Yet the natural world always called to him, inviting him to witness more of its wonders.
然而,自然世界总是召唤他,邀请他见证其中的奇事。
As he did, his purpose became clear.
和他一样,他的目的变得很清楚.
Muir’s contributions to environmental conservation have earned him a place of honor in American history.
穆尔对环境保护的贡献使他在美国历史上获得了荣誉.
Many nature areas and establishments, such as Muir Woods National Monument (right), bear John Muir’s name.
许多自然区和机构,例如Muir Woods国家纪念碑(右),都以John Muir为名。
Glossary conservation (n.)
词汇保护(不详)
the protection of wild lands and the living things found there (p.
保护野地和发现的活物(p.
13) controversial (adj.)
13) 有争议 (adj.
(n.)
(无)