Hoover Dam
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Water in the Desert.
《沙漠中的水》目录。
4 Why Build a Dam?
4 为什么建水坝?
5 A Massive Dam.
5 一个大坝。
8 Constructing the Dam.
第8条 建坝.
10 Visiting the Dam.
10,探访大坝.
14 Changing the Southwest.
14 改变西南.
15 Glossary.
15 词汇。
16 From the western side of Hoover Dam, visitors can look across the dam to Arizona (left).
16 从胡佛水坝的西侧,游客可以望过水坝到亚利桑那(左侧).
Kayaking is popular on Lake Mead (right).
克雅京在米德湖上很受欢迎(右方).
Water in the Desert Every summer in parts of the southwestern United States, temperatures often exceed 100°F (38°C).
美国西南部部分地区每年夏季沙漠中出水,气温常会超过100°F(38°C).
Much of the region receives less than 10 inches (25.
该区域大部分地区所得不到10英寸(25.
4 cm) of rainfall each year.
每年降雨量为4厘米。
So why do millions of people visit the area every year—especially in summer?
因此,为什么每年有数百万人访问该地区,特别是在夏天?
Why do they come to fish, boat, water-ski, and swim in an enormous refreshing lake?
为什么他们来钓鱼,划船,去水上滑行, 在一个巨大的清新湖里游泳?
How is this possible in such a dry, sun-baked place?
这怎么可能在这么干燥的阳光下?
The U.
吴人.
S.
师曰.
Southwest was transformed when Hoover Dam was built in the 1930s.
西南在1930年代胡佛水坝建成后被改造.
Construction of this iconic landmark brought water and power to parched desert lands.
建造这个标志性的地标为荒漠地带来了水和动力。
The dam allowed cities, agriculture, and recreation to grow.
水坝使城市、农业和娱乐得以增长。
Hoover Dam Lake Mead Colorado River PACIFIC OCEAN GULF OF CALIFORNIA Colorado Nevada Arizona New Mexico California Utah Colorado River Watershed Black Canyon before Hoover Dam was built Why Build a Dam?
胡佛坝湖 Mead Colorado River PACICIFIC 加利福尼亚州OCEAN GULF 科罗拉多州 内华达州 亚利桑那州 新墨西哥州 加利福尼亚州 犹他州 科罗拉多州 科罗拉多州 河水流域 黑峡谷 在胡佛水坝建成之前
Hoover Dam is located on the Colorado River in the Mojave (moh-HAH-vee) Desert on the border between Arizona and Nevada.
胡佛大坝位于亚利桑那州和内华达州接壤的莫哈韦(英语:Moh-HAH-vee)沙漠的科罗拉多河上.
The location is about 30 miles (48 km) southeast of Las Vegas, Nevada.
地点位于内华达州拉斯维加斯东南约30英里(48公里).
The government built Hoover Dam in Black Canyon, a tall, narrow canyon chosen because its bedrock and walls were solid.
政府在黑峡谷建造了胡佛水坝,它是一个高而狭窄的峡谷所选择的,因为它的地基和城墙坚固.
They needed to be to support such an enormous structure.
它们需要支持这样一个庞大的结构。
Because Hoover Dam was the first dam on the Colorado River, it had to be extremely large to control the river on its own.
由于胡佛大坝是科罗拉多河上的第一个大坝,因此它必须非常大才能独自控制河道.
A very tall canyon was required.
需要一个非常高的峡谷。
Colorado River floodwaters filled much of Imperial Valley in 1905 and created the Salton Sea.
科罗拉多州 1905年河道被洪水淹没了帝国谷地的大部分,并创造了"萨尔顿海".
It took two years to get the water under control.
花了两年时间才把水控制好.
The Colorado River winds through the southwestern United States, bringing life-giving water to an otherwise dry region.
科罗拉多河风从美国西南部吹来,给原本干燥的地区带去生还水.
People have lived along the Colorado’s banks for centuries and have used its water to irrigate crops.
人们沿着科罗拉多州的银行生活了几个世纪,并用水灌溉作物。
However, the Colorado was a fluctuating source of water long ago.
然而,科罗拉多河早在很久以前就是一个起伏不定的水源.
Each spring, the river grew with snowmelt, often to the point of flooding farmlands.
每年春季,河道会随雪融而生长,常至淹没农田.
Later in the year when it shrunk to a trickle, crops would die.
当年晚些时候,当它萎缩成一滴水时,作物会枯萎.
Early settlers were discouraged by the changeable water supply, so some people sought a way to control the river.
早期定居者对可改变的供水感到沮丧,因此一些人想方设法控制河流.
In 1901, a private company built Alamo Canal just north of the Mexican border.
1901年,一家私营公司在墨西哥边境以北修建了阿拉莫运河.
The canal’s purpose was to divert the Colorado’s flow westward to provide irrigation to California’s Imperial Valley.
运河的目的是将科罗拉多河的流向向西转向,为加利福尼亚帝国谷提供灌溉.
As a result, farming did very well.
结果,耕作做得非常好。
However, severe flooding in 1905 destroyed the canal’s control gates and ruined much of Imperial Valley.
然而,1905年严重的洪水摧毁了运河的控制门并摧毁了帝国谷地的大部分.
At first, some workers and their families lived in camps that lacked electricity and running water.
起初,一些工人及其家属居住在缺乏电力和自来水的营地.
Homes were tents, and people bathed in the Colorado River.
家里是帐篷,人们在科罗拉多河中洗澡.
Imperial Valley residents wanted a larger canal.
帝国谷的居民想要一条更大的运河.
Arthur Powell Davis was chief engineer of the government agency that manages water in the West.
阿瑟·鲍威尔·戴维斯是管理西部取水的政府机构的总工程师.
He thought that constructing a dam along the river would be a better solution and would get more water to more people.
他认为沿河建造水坝会是一个更好的解决方案,会给更多的人取出更多的水.
After studying the Colorado, he reported his findings to Congress in 1918.
在研究了科罗拉多河后,他于1918年向国会报告了他的调查结果.
Ten years later, Congress approved construction of Hoover Dam along with a canal to provide irrigation to Imperial Valley.
十年后,国会批准兴建胡佛水坝并配有一条运河为帝国谷提供灌溉.
In 1930, President Hoover authorized spending for the project.
1930年,胡佛总统授权项目支出.
The Great Depression began only eight months before the Hoover Dam project was approved.
大萧条在胡佛大坝项目被批准前仅8个月才开始.
It was a time of great economic hardship in the United States.
当时美国经济非常困难.
Millions were out of work.
数百万人失业。
In total, 21,000 people flocked to southern Nevada for the construction jobs.
共有21,000人聚集在内华达州南部从事建筑工作.
President Hoover wanted to put as many people to work as possible.
胡佛总统想让尽可能多的人去工作.
He ordered construction to begin before housing, drinking water, a hospital, or other facilities were in place.
他下令在住房、饮用水、医院或其他设施到位之前开始建造。
Hoover Dam is considered an arch-gravity dam.
胡佛坝被认为是拱重力坝.
A Massive Dam Hoover Dam was the tallest dam in the world when it was built.
大型水坝胡佛 大坝是当时世界最高的水坝.
Constructing the dam was an amazing engineering feat that required the skills of six different companies working together.
建造水坝是一项惊人的工程成就,需要六家不同的公司共同合作。
Hoover Dam combines the features of a gravity dam and an arch dam.
胡佛坝结合了重力坝和拱坝的特征.
A gravity dam relies on its own weight to resist the force of stored water.
重力坝依靠自身重量来抵御所储存的水的力量.
An arch dam, which curves upstream, causes most of the water to flow against the canyon walls.
一座向上游弯曲的拱坝使大部分水流与峡谷壁相接.
The flow of water squeezes the arch, which compresses and strengthens the dam.
水流挤压出拱口,压缩并加固出坝.
Hoover Dam’s power plant converts the energy of moving water into electricity.
胡佛坝电站将运水能转换为电能.
Lake Mead, the dam’s reservoir, is the largest human-made lake in the United States.
大坝水库米德湖是美国最大的人造湖.
Weight: more than 6,600,000 tons (5,987,419 mt) Width: 1,244 feet (379 m) across Black Canyon at the top Height: 726.
重量:6,600,000多吨(5,987,419mt) 威德:1,244英尺(379米)高地上穿黑峡谷:726.
4 feet (221.
4英尺(221.
4 m) from foundation rock to crest Base is 660 feet (201 m) thick Top is 45 feet (13.
4米) 从地基岩到峰地地基有660英尺(201米)厚地顶有45英尺(13.
7 m) thick Four intake towers, each 395 feet (120.
7米)厚 四座摄取塔,每座395英尺(120.
4 m) tall, control the power plant’s water supply.
高4米,控制发电厂的供水。
Nevada Arizona diversion tunnels diversion tunnels rock barrier Constructing the Dam In order to build Hoover Dam, the dam site first had to be dry.
内华达亚利桑那分流道道 分流道道 地道 地道 地道 地道 地道 地道 地道 地道 地道 地道 地道 地道 地道 地道 地道 地道 地道 地道 地道 地道 地道 地道 地道
The enormous task of diverting the Colorado’s water began in May 1931.
将科罗拉多河水分道扬镳的艰巨任务从1931年5月开始.
Workers used dynamite to blast two tunnels on each side of the canyon to carry the Colorado’s water around the site.
工人们用炸药炸出峡谷两侧的地道,
Once the tunnels were completed, they were lined with concrete.
隧道建成后用混凝土接通.
Creating the diversion tunnels was extremely dangerous.
建造分流隧道是极其危险的。
Workers were exposed to falling rocks and fumes from the use of gasoline-powered vehicles in the tunnels.
工人在地道上接触了由汽油驱动的车辆所引发的倒塌岩石和烟雾。
Above the ground, other workers built watertight barriers called cofferdams above and below the dam site.
在地上,其他工人在水坝工地上下方建造了被称作cofferdam的防水屏障.
The higher cofferdam would divert water into the tunnels, and the lower one, along with a rock barrier, would keep water from flowing back upstream and flooding the construction site.
高方块会将水分流到隧道中,下方加上岩石屏障会使水流回上游并淹没施工现场。
High scalers had perhaps the hardest jobs at Hoover Dam.
在胡佛大坝,高压电机的工作也许最困难。
Dozens of workers lost their lives as a result of falling rocks and tools.
数十名工人被倒塌的岩石和工具所害.
Almost one hundred men in total died of industrial accidents during the dam’s construction.
在大坝施工期间,共有近100人死于工业事故。
At the same time, “high scalers” removed loose rock from canyon walls and cut grooves where the dam would attach.
同时,“高尺度”从峡谷墙上取出松散的岩石并割去大坝所接通的地沟。
These workers often dangled high above the river on wooden swings in 120°F (49°C) heat while using jackhammers and dynamite.
这些工人在使用锤子和炸药的同时,常常会把高处的河上缠上120°F(49°C)高热度的木制秋千.
Other projects were taking place at the same time.
其他项目也在同时进行。
Boulder City was being built so workers would have homes, a hospital, and other facilities.
正在建设博尔德市,以便工人有住房、医院和其他设施。
Railroad tracks were installed near the dam site so supplies could be delivered, and a road was built between Boulder City and the dam site.
在坝址附近安装了铁道铁道以提供补给,并在博尔德城和坝址之间修建了一条道路.
In addition, workers installed a power line 222 miles (357 km) long from San Bernardino, California, to Black Canyon to provide power for the dam’s construction.
此外,工人还安装了一条从加利福尼亚州圣伯纳迪诺到黑峡谷长222英里(357公里)的电力线,为大坝的建设提供动力.
Once the diversion tunnels were finished, the site was pumped dry.
分流隧道建成后,现场被泵干.
The dam had to sit on solid bedrock, which was buried under 135 feet (41 m) of silt and stones.
大坝只好坐落在坚固的地基上,被埋入了135英尺(41米)的淤泥和石头下.
The last of that material was excavated on June 6, 1933—about two years after work had begun on the tunnels.
最后一个材料于1933年6月6日出土,大约是在隧道工程开始后两年。
Finally it was time to build the dam.
终于该建坝了
Workers lowered huge buckets of wet concrete into block-shaped molds, called forms.
工人将巨大的桶子湿混凝土降为块状模具,称为形式.
Other workers smoothed the concrete and got rid of air bubbles before the concrete hardened and more layers of concrete were added.
其他工人将混凝土平滑后,在混凝土加硬并增加多层混凝土之前,消除了气泡.
Narrow steel pipes carried cold water through the forms to cool the concrete quickly.
窄钢管将冷水通过窗体迅速冷却出混凝土.
Once the concrete had hardened, the wooden form was taken apart and put back together on top of the finished block.
混凝土被加硬后,木质形式被拆分并放回已成块上方.
After that block was finished, another one was built on top of it.
在该块完成后,又在上方建造了一座.
When the columns of blocks reached their final height, the spaces between them were filled with grout.
当一列的区块达到最后的高度时,它们之间的空格被填满了地沟.
Rather than being a single block of concrete, the dam was built from concrete blocks that were stacked to form columns.
水坝不是单块混凝土,而是用被堆放成柱子的混凝土块来建造.
York City.
约克城.
Dam used over 5,000,000 barrels of cement— between 7,500 and 10,800 barrels each day.
水坝使用的水泥有500 000多桶 -- -- 每天在7 500至10 800桶之间。
President Roosevelt dedicated the dam on September 30, 1935.
1935年9月30日罗斯福总统将大坝献出.
He called it “the greatest dam in the world.”
他称之为“世界上最大的水坝。 “
After the dam was complete, workers built passages called spillways to carry high water around the dam in case the Colorado River ever flooded.
大坝完工后,工人建造了名为"溢出道"的通道来将高地水运入大坝周围,以防科罗拉多河被淹.
Then they built the power plant and the four intake towers that would control water flow to the power plant.
后又建造了能控制通向电站的水流的发电厂和四座取水塔.
By February 1, 1935, the work was finally completed.
到1935年2月1日,工程终于完工.
Workers plugged the diversion tunnels that had been allowing the Colorado’s waters to bypass the dam site.
工人堵塞了一直让科罗拉多河水绕过大坝工地的分流道道。
Water started rising behind the dam, overflowing the cofferdam, and forming Lake Mead.
水从大坝后起,溢出花塘,形成米德湖.
By the time the project was finished, more than 21,000 men had worked on it, with an average of 3,500 each day.
到项目完成时,已有超过21,000名男子在该项目上工作,平均每日有3,500人.
The project cost $165 million, which is equal to $3 billion or more today.
该项目耗资1.65亿美元,相当于今天的30亿美元或更多。
From inside the visitor center, tourists get a bird’s-eye view of Hoover Dam.
从游客中心内部,游客可以看到胡佛水坝的鸟眼。
Guided tours give behind-the-scenes details of the dam.
导游给出了坝后细节.
Visiting the Dam Hoover Dam has welcomed visitors since 1937.
参观胡佛坝自1937年起就接待了游客.
Millions of people visit the dam each year, and close to a million take tours of the dam and power plant.
每年有上百万人参观大坝,近一百万人参观了大坝和发电厂.
The visitor center has displays about the region’s natural history as well as the history and construction of the dam.
游客中心展示了该地区的自然历史以及水坝的历史和建造情况。
If you go, be prepared to be impressed.
如果你去, 准备给人留下深刻的印象。
Visitors describe their experience with words like spectacular, amazing, and incredible.
参观者用壮观,惊人,不可思议等词语来描述他们的经历.
Fishing, boating, picnicking, and hiking are available year-round at Lake Mead.
钓鱼,划船,野餐,和徒步旅行等活动在米德湖全年提供.
The area has nine wilderness areas, five hundred types of animals, and nine hundred types of plants.
该地有9个荒地,有500种动物,有9个植物.
In 1930, Las Vegas was a railroad hub with only about 5,000 residents.
1930年,拉斯维加斯是一个铁路枢纽,只有约5000名居民.
After Hoover Dam was built, the city’s population swelled to over 8,400 in 1940 and over 24,600 in 1950.
胡佛水坝建成后,该市的人口于1940年膨胀到8400多起,1950年又膨胀到24600多起.
As of 2013, Las Vegas had over 600,000 residents.
截至2013年,拉斯维加斯共有超过60万居民.
Changing the Southwest The Colorado River is the main source of water in the southwestern United States.
改变西南 科罗拉多河是美国西南部的主要水源地.
Hoover Dam controlled the Colorado for the first time in history and supplied farmers in Arizona, Nevada, and California with a trustworthy source of irrigation.
胡佛大坝历史上首次控制了科罗拉多州,为亚利桑那州,内华达州和加利福尼亚州的农民提供了可信赖的灌溉水源.
The dam also provided drinking water and affordable electricity, which allowed Los Angeles, San Diego, Las Vegas, Phoenix, and other cities in the Southwest to grow.
大坝还提供饮用水和可负担得起的电力,使洛杉矶,圣迭戈,拉斯维加斯,凤凰城等西南部城市得以增长.
In addition, Hoover Dam provided jobs for thousands of men and became a symbol of hope during a very hard time.
此外,胡佛水坝为上千名男子提供了工作,并在非常困难的时期成为了希望的象征.
The difficult and dangerous task of building Hoover Dam took place over seventy-five years ago, and the dam’s last known construction worker died in 2014.
建造胡佛大坝的艰难而危险的任务发生在75多年前,该大坝最后一位已知的建筑工人于2014年去世.
Yet the stories live on in every ton of concrete in one of America’s most remarkable landmarks.
但故事却以美国最出众的地标之一,