of China
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Remarkable Landmark.
目录 可标出地标。
4 Flowing Wall.
4"活活墙".
5 Sections of the Wall.
5段长城.
6 Why a Wall?
页:1 为什么是长城?
8 Building the Wall.
8 建设长城.
11 Visiting the Wall.
11 参观长城.
14 A Source of Inspiration.
14 《灵感来源》。
15 Glossary.
15 词汇。
16 In 1987, the Great Wall of China was chosen as a World Heritage Site by the United Nations.
16 1987年,中国长城被联合国选为世界遗产.
Remarkable Landmark The Great Wall of China is one of Earth’s most famous human-made features and one of the New Seven Wonders of the World.
显著地标 中国长城是地上最出名的人造地物之一,也是"世界新七大奇迹"之一.
This remarkable feat of engineering and design is one of the most challenging construction projects ever undertaken.
这一出色的工程和设计成就是有史以来最有挑战性的建筑项目之一。
The many sections of the wall are China’s biggest tourist attraction.
城墙多段是中国最大的旅游景点.
Together they are longer than the distance between the North and South Poles.
它们加在一起比北极和南极之间的距离长。
The Great Wall is a record of China’s long, rich history.
长城的历史年代为中国,历史悠久而丰富.
People began building the wall more than two thousand years ago.
人们在两千多年前就开始建造了这道墙.
It tells the story of changing power, technology, and ways of life in China from long ago to the present.
讲述了中国由来已久到现在的变迁力量,技术和生活方式等故事.
YELLOW SEA CHINA The Great Wall of China Inner Mongolia Jaiyu Mountain Pass (western end of Great Wall) Hushan Great Wall (eastern end of Great Wall) 150 km (93 mi.)
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Beijing H MONGOLIA sections of the Great Wall Inner Mongolia border Key Flowing Wall The ancient Chinese art and science of feng shui (FUNG SHWAY) governed the design of the wall.
内蒙古长城的北京H MONGOLIA地段与关键出行相接 中国古代风水艺术与科学(FUNG SHWAY)规范了墙体设计.
Feng shui is a set of principles that suggest how things should be arranged in relation to the flow of energy.
冯雪芹是一套原则,建议如何安排与能量流动有关的事物.
The Great Wall is curved instead of straight because it was designed to flow over the land in a harmonious way.
长城是弯曲的而不是直的,因为它的设计是为了以和谐的方式流过陆地.
The Great Wall was built along China’s northern border.
长城是沿中国北方边界而建.
Many people in China think of the wall as a sleeping dragon.
中国许多人把城墙看成是睡龙.
Its tail is in the west, in Gansu (GAHN-soo) Province.
其尾部为西部,甘肃省(GAHN-soo).
Its head, in the east, is in Liaoning (lee-OW-ning) Province near the Yellow Sea.
其头部为东起辽宁省(乐-敖-宁)相邻黄海.
From tail to head, the dragon’s body is surrounded by deserts, steppes, mountains, lakes, rivers, fertile lowlands, and beaches.
从尾到头,龙的身体被沙漠,草原,山地,湖泊,河流,肥沃的低地和海滩所包围.
Some of the wall is located near Beijing (bay-ZHING), China’s capital.
部分城墙位于中国首都北京(Bay-ZHING)附近.
The well-preserved Badaling section of the Great Wall is about 70 kilometers (43 mi.)
保存完好的长城巴达林段约70公里(43米.
northwest of the capital city of Beijing.
地处北京都城西北部.
Sections of the Wall The Great Wall isn’t one wall—it’s made up of many separate sections.
墙的地段 长城不是一堵墙,
Some of the walls are parallel to each other.
部分城墙相并.
Four of the main sections are within 121 kilometers (75 mi.)
4个主段在121公里(75米.
of Beijing.
北京报.
In 2007, the Great Wall was voted one of the New Seven Wonders of the World.
2007年,"长城"被票选为"世界新七大奇迹"之一.
Badaling (BAH-dah-ling) is the most famous and best-preserved section.
巴达林区(BAH-dah-ling)是最出名和保存最完好的区段.
Badaling winds along steep mountains northwest of Beijing for about 12 kilometers (7.
沿北京西北陡峭高地行走约12公里(7.
5 mi.)
5 m.) (中文(简体) ).
and has forty-three watchtowers.
并有四十三个看守所。
Farther east, Mutianyu (MOO-tyen-yoo) is a scenic portion of the Great Wall that spans high mountains.
更远的东部是穆蒂安尤(MOO-tyen-yoo),是长城中跨越高山的外观部分.
It measures 2.
措施2。
25 kilometers (1.
25公里 一、导 言
4 mi.)
4 m. (中文(简体) ).
long and has twenty-two watchtowers.
长并有二十二个瞭望塔。
Northeast of Beijing, Jinshanling (JIN-shahn- ling) is a well-preserved section of the wall that’s about 10 kilometers (6 mi.)
北京东北,金山岭(JIN-shahn-ling)是城墙中保存完好的一段,长约10公里(6米).
long.
长.
It has sixty-seven watchtowers.
它有67个瞭望塔.
Long ago, soldiers slept in some, while others were used to store hay and weapons.
很久以前,士兵们睡在了某些地方,而另一些则被用来储存干草和武器.
Some of the watchtowers have windows that were used for shooting arrows at enemies.
有的瞭望台有用于向敌人射箭的窗户.
Next door to the east, Simatai (SU-mah-tie) is about 5 kilometers (3 mi.)
相邻向东,西马泰(SU-mah-tie)约5公里(3米.
long and has undergone a great deal of restoration.
久而久之,经历了大量的修复。
It is an extremely steep section with thirty-four watchtowers, about half of them on each side of Mandarin Duck Lake.
它是一个极其陡峭的部分,有34个瞭望塔,大约一半位于普通话"鸭子湖"两侧.
The Great Wall’s Chinese name means the “Long Wall of Ten Thousand Li.”
长城的中文名意为"一万里长城".
A li is a Chinese measurement that equals about one-half of a kilometer or one-third of a mile, so ten thousand li equals about 5,000 kilometers (3,100 mi.)
A li是中国的测量方法,大约等于一公里半或一英里一分之一,所以一万里等于约5000公里(3100米.
Even recently, people thought the wall wasn’t much longer than that.
最近人们就认为墙没有那么长了。
Then between 2007 and 2012, scientists used advanced technology to measure the wall.
随后从2007年到2012年,科学家们使用先进技术来测量这道墙.
They discovered that the wall is more than four times that long!
他们发现墙有四倍多那么长!
It’s about 21,196 kilometers (13,171 mi.)
大约21,196公里(13,171米.
long when the lengths of all the sections are added together.
当将所有部分的长度加在一起时,会很长。
Why a Wall?
为什么是长城?
The Great Wall roughly follows the southern edge of Inner Mongolia.
长城大致沿内蒙古南部边缘.
This region is now a self-governing part of China, but it was mostly under the control of non-Chinese peoples when the wall was built.
这个地区现在已是中国的自治地,但建起城墙时,大部分都是由非华人控制.
The Mongol people were enemies of China long ago, and the wall was constructed to keep them out.
蒙古人早就是中国的敌人了,所建的城墙是为了让他们远离.
It also protected Chinese culture from outside influences.
它还保护了中国文化免受外界的影响。
The wall didn’t always keep out invaders, but it made invading difficult.
墙壁并不总是挡住入侵者,
In ancient times, small groups of nomadic people lived in and near modern-day China.
在古代,少数游牧民族生活在近现代的中国.
They depended on wild animals and plants for food, clothing, and other things they needed.
他们依靠野生动物和植物来获得食物、衣服和其他他们需要的东西。
Beginning around 4000 bc, those who lived in regions with richer soil started growing crops and taming animals.
从大约4000 bc起,生活在土壤较丰富的地区的人开始种植作物并驯服动物。
People settled and built walls surrounding their villages to prevent raiding by nomadic people from the north.
人们定居并建造了包围自己村庄的围墙来防止来自北方的游牧民族进行突袭.
British artist Andrew Howat’s painting Great Wall of China shows Chinese soldiers taking aim against invaders.
英国艺术家安德鲁·豪瓦特所画的"中国长城"显示中国士兵对入侵者采取瞄准.
After Qin gained control of all of China, Zheng became the first emperor of the new country.
秦国控制了整个中国之后 郑国成为新国的第一个皇帝.
By 500 bc, China was made up of many independent states that fought each other.
至500bc,中国由许多相争的独立国家所组成.
The northern states also fought their northern enemies.
北方各州也与北方的敌人作战.
Many more walls were built during this time.
在此期间还建造了更多的城墙.
By 221 bc, the powerful state of Qin (CHIN) took control of all of China.
至221 bc,强国秦国(秦国)控制了全中国.
The new emperor, Zheng (ZHUNG), wanted to keep China safe from its enemies, so he ordered workers to build almost 4,828 kilometers (3,000 mi.)
新皇帝郑(ZHUNG)想让中国远离敌人,于是命令工人建造了近4,828公里(3,000米.
of wall along China’s borders.
中国边境的围墙。
Some experts think this was the start of the Great Wall.
一些专家认为这是长城的起步.
After his death in 210 bc, the Great Wall was neglected for about one hundred years, and parts of it fell apart.
210 bc中他去世后,长城被忽略了约一百年,部分被拆散.
Then a new emperor ordered work on a new 483-kilometer (300 mi.)
后来有一位新皇帝下令在483公里(300米.
build new sections.
新建部分。
Genghis Khan conquered individual Mongol tribes and formed the Mongol Empire.
成吉思汗征服了个别蒙古部落并组成了蒙古帝国.
His empire controlled many countries covering a huge area in Asia.
他的帝国控制了许多国家,覆盖了亚洲的一个巨大地区.
In the mid-1200s, the wall was not successful in keeping out enemies.
在1200年代中期,这道墙没有成功挡住敌人.
The Mongols, led by Genghis Khan, invaded from the north.
由成吉思汗率领的蒙古人从北方入侵.
They controlled the country for over one hundred years.
他们控制了国家一百多年。
They did not maintain the wall.
他们没有维护隔离墙。
After driving out the Mongols in 1368, the new emperor wanted to make sure they stayed out of China.
1368年出使蒙古后,新皇帝想确保他们留在了中国.
He had the wall rebuilt, which was a huge task because much of it had fallen apart.
他重建了这道墙,这是一项艰巨的任务,因为大部分墙已经倒塌了。
For the next 275 years or so, emperors reconstructed and expanded the Great Wall.
此后的275年左右,皇帝们重建并扩建了长城.
Much of today’s Great Wall was built or repaired during that time.
今天的长城大部分是在那个时候建造或修复的.
Since then, work on the wall has mainly involved repairs.
此后,该墙的施工主要涉及维修.
Early walls were made mainly of earth.
早期的城墙主要是由地而成.
This wall is in the far western section of the Great Wall.
这座墙位于长城最西段.
Hang-tu Construction 1.
杭图建筑 1.
Workers built a wooden frame and filled it with earth.
工人建造了木制相框并用土来填满.
They built the wall higher.
他们把墙建得更高
Workers removed the frame.
工人拆除了相框.
Building the Wall People built the Great Wall in stages over thousands of years.
建设"长城"人民群众千余年分期相继建成"长城".
Soldiers, convicts, war prisoners, peasants, and others all worked on the wall, often under force.
士兵,罪犯,战俘,农民等都在城墙上工作,经常被用武力.
All the walls were constructed with the hang-tu, or rammed earth, method.
所有墙壁都是用吊土或被撞出地的方法建造的。
This method involved pounding down packed earth inside a frame made of wood or bamboo.
这种方法涉及用木头或竹子制成的框架将被包装的地块击倒。
Earth wasn’t available in desert areas, so packed sand and shrubs were used instead.
沙漠地区没有地球,
Ming Wall Construction During a time in China’s history called the Ming dynasty (1368–1644), many sections of the Great Wall took on their present-day appearance.
明城墙建筑 中国历史上一个叫"明王朝"(1368–1644)的时期,长城的许多地段都取而代之.
People constructed the walls using hang-tu methods and then covered them with brick or stone to give them a uniform look.
人们用绞图方法建造了城墙,然后用砖或石头将城墙盖住,以给他们一个统一的外观.
Workers formed large bricks with wooden molds and then baked them in kilns.
工人用木制模具形成大砖,后入窑烘烤.
Once they were placed in position, workers filled the spaces in between with mortar.
一旦他们就位,工人就用迫击炮填平了中间的空间。
So many people worked under harsh conditions to build the Great Wall that a myth arose about the mortar containing the ground-up bones of dead workers.
许多人在艰苦的条件下努力建造了长城,由此产生了关于有已死工人地上起骨的迫击炮的神话.
However, historians recently discovered the secret ingredient: sticky rice.
然而,历史学家最近发现了这个秘密成分:粘糊糊的米.
The Great Wall of China Each year, over ten million people come to China to see the Great Wall.
每年有超过一千万人来中国看"长城".
There are an amazing 25,000 watchtowers and 15,000 outposts along the sections of the Great Wall.
沿长城各段有惊人的25,000个瞭望塔和15,000个前哨站.
tallest part of wall is about 8 meters (26 ft.)
最高的部分墙高约8米(26英尺).
The Simatai section of the Great Wall is 5.
长城西马泰段为5.
4 kilometers (3.
4公里 (3个)
3 mi.)
3 分钟)
long with thirty-five beacon towers.
有35个灯塔
It is recommended that visitors be in good physical condition to hike the mountainous sections of the wall.
建议游客身体状况良好,可以登上山墙。
Visiting the Wall Visitors who are fortunate enough to tour the Great Wall will need to decide which sections to see.
探访"长城"游客 幸运地游览"长城" 需要决定看哪个区.
Badaling is the most commonly visited because it’s close to Beijing and is the safest section to walk.
巴达林最常访问,因为巴达林离北京很近,是步行最安全的路段.
It also offers the Great Wall Museum, with nine exhibition halls on topics related to history, construction, art, and culture.
该馆还提供长城博物馆,设有9个展厅,展出与历史,建筑,艺术,文化等相关专题.
However, Badaling can be crowded, and it’s full of souvenir shops.
但巴达林可能拥挤不堪,
Most of the other sections have fewer tourists but are also much steeper, so be prepared for a challenging climb.
其他大部分路段的游客较少,但也更陡峭,因此要为具有挑战性的攀登做好准备.
Besides walking, climbing, and taking pictures, visitors can take a guided tour to learn about the wall’s history and construction.
除了行走、攀登和拍照之外,参观者还可以进行导游,了解隔离墙的历史和建造情况。
Cable car rides are available at some sections, and Mutianyu offers a toboggan ride.
部分路段可提供有线汽车乘车,穆蒂亚尼尤提供通博干出行.
A woman waves a Chinese flag as cyclists pass the Great Wall north of Beijing during a cycling event at the 2008 Olympic Games.
女子在2008年奥运会自行车赛事中以自行车运动员身份挥走中国国旗从北京以北穿过长城.
A Source of Inspiration The Great Wall of China is a remarkable landmark that continues to inspire and fascinate people around the world.
"灵感之源" "中国长城"是一个突出的地标,不断激励和吸引了世界各地的人们.
The 2008 Summer Olympic Games, in Beijing, featured the wall since the Games always honor the history and culture of the host country.
2008年夏季奥林匹克运动会在北京举行,由于该会始终尊崇主办国的历史与文化,因此该会会场以墙为特色.
A representation of the wall was a highlight of the Opening Ceremony, and one of the cycling courses included loops between Badaling and Juyong (JOO-yoong) Passes.
墙上的一个代表是开幕式的亮点,其中一个循环课程包括了巴达林和朱永(JOO-yoong)通行证之间的环路.
Swiss cyclist Fabian Cancellara, who won gold and silver medals, later said that he drew inspiration and strength from the effort it took to build the wall.
瑞士自行车运动员法比安·坎斯拉拉(Fabian Cancellara)获得金牌和银牌后表示,他从建造城墙的努力中汲取了灵感和力量.
The Great Wall has witnessed an enormous span of human history, from early farmers, warring states, and powerful empires to modern- day China.
长城见证了从早期农民,交战国,强大的帝国到现代中国等人类历史的广阔时期.
Many people are working to preserve the wall so it can continue to tell a part of Earth’s story for generations to come.
许多人都在努力保护这道墙,