Forever Free
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Bread for Lessons.
经验教训目录。
4 Born a Slave.
4生为奴.
6 Escape!
6跑开!
8 Writing and Speaking.
8 写作和演讲。
11 Land of the Free.
自由之地11号.
13 Glossary.
13 词汇。
16 Bread for Lessons Eight-year-old Frederick Douglass took a loaf of bread from the kitchen and slipped out the back door to run errands.
16 Bread for Educs 8岁的弗雷德里克·道格拉斯从厨房取出一面包,从后门滑出跑腿.
Frederick was a slave, but he knew he had more to eat than some boys in his neighborhood.
弗雷德里克是个奴隶,但他知道他比他附近的一些男孩还要多吃.
So he traded them bread for something he wanted even more—to learn how to write.
所以他用面包换来一些他更想要的东西 学习如何写作
Just the day before, his owner’s wife, Sophia Auld, had snatched a newspaper away from him as he tried to read it in secret.
就在前一天,他的主人的妻子Sophia Auld在试图秘密阅读时抢走他的报纸。
All Frederick wanted was an education, but for slaves in the 1820s, that was against the law.
弗雷德里克想要的只是教育,但1820年代的奴隶,这是违法的.
The white boys Frederick knew might be poor, but they had been allowed to go to school.
白人男孩弗雷德里克知道可能很穷,但他们被允许上学。
He’ d tease them, saying, “I bet I know more of the alphabet than you do!”
他说:我一定比你更了解字母表。
Then he’ d write a few letters in the dirt, the other boys would write what they knew, and Frederick would learn to write those new letters.
然后他写几封信, 其他男孩会写他们知道的东西,
Now, he was trading food for proper lessons in reading and writing.
现在,他用食物来换取读写方面的正确教训。
Up ahead, Frederick saw one of his friends waiting to give him a lesson and hurried to join him.
在前面,我们... 弗雷德里克看见他的一个朋友等着给他上一课,并匆忙赶去加入他.
Frederick would give up his lunch every day to learn!
Frederick会每天放弃午餐学习!
Born a Slave Frederick was born in February of 1817 or 1818.
生于1817年或1818年2月是奴隶弗雷德里克.
He never knew the date of his birth, and though he knew his father was white, he never knew who he was.
他从不知道他出生的日期,虽然他知道父亲是白人,但从不知道他是谁.
His mother was Harriet Bailey, but Frederick was raised by his grandmother, Betsey Bailey.
他的母亲是哈里特·贝利(Harriet Bailey),但弗雷德里克由外祖母贝特西·贝利抚养.
When he was eight years old, Frederick was sent to work for some of his owner’s relatives, the Auld family in Baltimore, Maryland.
8岁时,弗雷德里克被派去为他的一些所有者亲属,马里兰州巴尔的摩的奥德家族工作.
When Frederick first arrived, Sophia Auld helped teach him the alphabet.
弗雷德里克出道后,索菲亚·奥德帮助教他字母.
She gave him several lessons before her husband stopped her.
在她丈夫阻止她之前,她给了他几堂课。
Education and slavery were incompatible, he said—a slave who learned to read would grow dissatisfied with his condition and desire freedom.
他说,教育和奴隶制是不相容的——一个学习阅读的奴隶,会对他的状况和渴望自由感到不满。
Auld’s words proved to be true.
奥德的话被证明是真的。
The more Frederick read, the better he understood his situation, the more he hated slavery, and the unhappier he was.
弗雷德里克读得越多,他越了解自己的处境,越讨厌奴隶制,他越不高兴.
For some time, Frederick struggled to understand the word abolition.
一段时间来,弗雷德里克为理解废除这个词而挣扎.
Whenever a slave ran away or did something a slaveholder said was bad, abolition was blamed.
每当奴隶逃跑或做奴隶持有者说坏事时,废除都是责备.
Frederick tried looking up the word in the dictionary, but it merely said “the act of abolishing.”
Frederick试图在字典中查找这个词,但只是说“废除的行为。 “
What was being abolished?
什么是被废除的?
In 1831, Frederick read a newspaper article about the abolition movement and the people who were fighting to end slavery.
1831年,弗雷德里克读了一篇报纸上的文章,内容是废除运动和为结束奴隶制而斗争的人们.
Now he understood—some white people wanted to abolish slavery, too!
现在他明白了 有些白人也想废除奴隶制!
He also learned that blacks were free in some states, and he began dreaming of escape.
他还得知在一些州黑人是自由的,他开始梦想逃跑.
“Once you learn to read,” Douglass wrote later in life, “you will be forever free.”
“一旦你学会阅读,”道格拉斯在后世写道,“你将永远自由。 “
Understanding that education and freedom went hand in hand, he began giving lessons to other slaves until slaveholders stopped his Sunday school.
他明白教育和自由是齐头并进的,开始向其他奴隶上课,直到奴隶持有者停止他的星期天学校.
He earned a reputation among slaves as a leader—and among slave owners as a troublemaker.
他为奴隶们赢得了领袖的声誉,为奴隶主赢得了麻烦。
Escape!
走开!
For years, Frederick had lived the easier life of a slave in the city.
多年来,弗雷德里克在城市里过着一个奴隶的更轻松的生活.
At fifteen, he was sent to work on a farm as a field hand for Edward Covey, a man known as a “slave breaker.”
15岁时,他被派往农场工作,作为爱德华·科维(Edward Covey)的野外手,此人被称为“奴隶破坏者”。 “
Covey would beat slaves into obedience.
科维会把奴隶打成服从
Loaning Frederick to Covey may have been Auld’s way of punishing him for trying to educate himself and other slaves.
把弗雷德里克借给科维可能是奥德惩罚他试图教育自己和其他奴隶的方法.
Covey almost succeeded in breaking Frederick’s spirit.
科维几乎成功打破了弗雷德里克的精神.
After enduring six months of abuse, though, sixteen-year-old Frederick had had enough.
在忍受了六个月的虐待之后,16岁的弗雷德里克已经受够了.
The next time Covey tried to beat him, he fought back for two hours.
下次科维想打倒他,他还击了两个小时.
Covey never tried to beat him again.
科维再也不想打败他了
Still, Frederick began to plan his escape.
尽管如此,弗雷德里克开始计划出逃.
He tried once but was caught.
他试过一次,但被抓了
Frederick continued to dream of freedom and work on his literacy.
弗雷德里克继续梦想自由并致力于他的识字.
He even joined the East Baltimore Mental Improvement Society, a debate club.
他甚至加入了辩论会"东巴尔的摩精神改善会".
It was there that Frederick met Anna Murray, a free black woman.
弗雷德里克在那里遇到了一个自由的黑人妇女安娜·默里.
Together, Anna and Frederick planned his escape.
安娜和弗雷德里克一起策划了他的出逃.
Dressed in a sailor’s uniform and carrying a freedman’s passport, Frederick traveled through Delaware and Pennsylvania to New York.
弗雷德里克穿着水手制服并携带自由人护照,从特拉华和宾夕法尼亚到纽约.
The escape took a little less than twenty-four hours, but as Frederick later wrote, “I lived more in one day than in a year of my slave life.”
逃跑的时间略少于24小时,但正如弗雷德里克后来所写道的,“我一天活的比一年活活活的多。 “
Speaking to audiences years later, Frederick would say, “I appear before you this evening as a thief and a robber.
数年后,弗雷德里克在对听众讲话时会说:“我今晚作为小偷和强盗出现在你们面前。
I stole this head, these limbs, this body from my master and ran off with them.”
我偷了这头,这些四肢,这具尸体 从我的主人,并跑走了。 “
Escaping didn’t mean that a slave like Frederick was truly free.
逃脱并不意味着像弗雷德里克这样的奴隶是真正的自由.
Slaves who made it to a free state could live as if they were free, but they could still be seized and taken back to a slave state.
活到自由地国的奴隶可以活到自由地去,但他们仍然可以被抓住并被带回奴隶地去.
Frederick sent for Anna to join him, and they were married in 1838.
弗雷德里克派安娜加入他,两人于1838年结婚.
Since Frederick was a fugitive who could be caught and forced back into slavery, the newlyweds changed their name to Douglass.
由于弗雷德里克是一名逃亡者,可能会被抓住并被强迫回奴,所以新婚夫妇更名为道格拉斯.
They settled in New Bedford, Massachusetts, and had five children together.
他们定居于马萨诸塞州新贝德福德并育有五个孩子.
A Railroad for Runaways Abolitionists organized a secret network to help fugitive slaves in the 1800s.
1800年代"逃亡者废奴之路"组织秘密网络帮助逃亡奴隶.
This network came to be called the Underground Railroad.
这个网络被称为"地下铁路".
Places with food, clothing, and shelter were called safe houses or stations.
有食物、衣服和住所的地方称为安全屋或站。
Because many fugitives traveled on foot, people helping the slaves—known as conductors or stationmasters—tried to provide a station every fifteen miles.
由于许多逃犯徒步旅行,帮助奴隶的人——被称为指挥员或站长——试图每15英里提供一座站所。
Frederick Douglass stayed in safe houses when he first escaped.
弗雷德里克·道格拉斯第一次出逃时一直待在安全屋.
He himself later became a stationmaster in Rochester, New York, helping some slaves escape to Canada.
他本人后来成为了纽约州罗切斯特的站长,帮助一些奴隶逃到加拿大.
Writing and Speaking Douglass began to speak at antislavery meetings and soon became the voice of the abolition movement.
写作和演讲道格拉斯开始在反奴隶制会议上发言,并很快成为废除运动的声音.
Slaveholders argued that slaves lacked the intellect to function as free American citizens.
奴隶持有者认为奴隶缺乏作为自由的美国公民发挥作用的智慧.
Each time Douglass spoke, his eloquence countered that.
每次道格拉斯说话 他的口才都反驳了这一点
Yet he was so eloquent that some whites refused to believe he had ever been a slave.
然而他如此雄辩,以至于一些白人拒绝相信自己曾经是奴隶.
Douglass wrote three autobiographies in his lifetime.
道格拉斯一生写了三部自传.
The first, published in 1845, was Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass.
第一部于1845年出版,是"弗雷德里克·道格拉斯生平的叙述".
Critics said that the book, like Douglass himself, was fake: no slave was smart enough to write so well, they argued.
批评者说,同道格拉斯本人一样,这本书是伪造的:没有奴隶足够聪明,写得那么好,他们争论.
Yet the book was an instant success and persuaded many people that a slave could possess a great mind.
然而这本书是一瞬间的成功,并说服了许多人,奴隶可以拥有伟大的思想.
At the same time, the book included details that could have led to Douglass’s arrest as a fugitive slave.
同时,这本书还包含了可能导致道格拉斯被作为逃亡奴隶逮捕的细节.
In order to avoid recapture, Douglass left the country on a two-year speaking tour.
为了避免被收复,道格拉斯出道了两年的演讲之旅.
An electrifying speaker, Douglass was a star in England.
道格拉斯是英国的一位明星。
Fans there raised $711 for Douglass’s freedom, a purchase called manumission.
球迷为道格拉斯的自由筹集了711美元,
When Douglass returned to the United States in 1848, he founded a newspaper.
1848年道格拉斯回到美国后,他创办了报纸.
He also wrote thousands of speeches and editorials calling for an end to slavery.
他还撰写了数千篇演说和社论,呼吁结束奴隶制.
“I expose slavery in this country,” wrote Douglass, “because to expose it is to kill it.
Douglass写道:“我揭露这个国家的奴隶制,
Slavery is one of those monsters of darkness to whom the light of truth is death.”
奴隶制是黑暗中的怪物之一 真理之光就是死亡 “
One of his most famous speeches was “What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?”
他最出名的演讲之一是“奴隶对国庆是什么? “
When he delivered the speech on July 5, 1852, Douglass surprised his audience by posing questions about what Independence Day meant for slaves and former slaves.
当他于1852年7月5日发表演讲时,道格拉斯对自己的观众表示惊讶,提出独立日对奴隶和前奴隶意味着什么的问题.
“What have I, or those I represent, to do with your national independence?
“我或我所代表的人与贵国的独立有什么关系?
Are the great principles of political freedom and of natural justice,.
是政治自由和自然正义的伟大原则,
in that Declaration of Independence, extended to us?”
在《独立宣言》中 向我们延伸? “
Land of the Free By the Civil War, Douglass was the most famous black man in the United States.
自由之地 至南北战争,道格拉斯是美国最出名的黑人.
In 1863, he served as President Lincoln’s advisor on the Emancipation Proclamation, an order that freed the majority of slaves.
1863年他出任林肯总统"解放宣言"的顾问,这一命令释放了大多数奴隶.
He repeatedly urged Lincoln to make emancipation a stated goal of the war.
他再三敦促林肯将解放作为战争的既定目标.
Some historians think Douglass helped inspire the famous Gettysburg Address.
一些历史学家认为道格拉斯帮助启发了著名的"葛底斯堡地址".
Douglass also convinced Lincoln to allow black soldiers to fight for the North.
道格拉斯还相信 林肯允许黑人士兵为北方出战.
When they did, two of Douglass’s sons were among them.
当他们这样做的时候,道格拉斯的两个儿子也加入了其中.
Douglass’s writing and speaking helped end slavery with the Thirteenth Amendment, passed after the Civil War ended in 1865.
道格拉斯的写作和演讲帮助结束了奴隶制与"第十三修正案",1865年内战结束后通过.
Three years later, the Fourteenth Amendment granted citizenship to former slaves.
三年后,第十四修正案授予了前奴隶公民身份.
Shortly after that, in 1870, the Fifteenth Amendment gave every male citizen, including former slaves, the right to vote.
此后不久,1870年,"第十五修正案"赋予了每个男性公民,包括前奴隶,选举权.
Douglass and Women’s Rights Douglass didn’t live to see universal suffrage—the right of every adult to vote—but he fought for it until he died.
道格拉斯和妇女权利道格拉斯并没有活到看到普选——每个成年人的选举权——但是他一直为此而奋斗直到他去世.
In 1920, the states ratified the Nineteenth Amendment, granting women the right to vote.
1920年,各州批准了第十九修正案,赋予妇女选举权.
Douglass and President Lincoln Lincoln and Douglass didn’t always see eye to eye.
道格拉斯与林肯总统及道格拉斯并非始终一目了然。
After Lincoln died, though, Douglass gave the keynote address at a memorial honoring Lincoln.
不过林肯死后,道格拉斯在纪念林肯的纪念会上作了主旨演讲.
The crowd gave Douglass a standing ovation, and the president’s widow, Mary Todd Lincoln, gave him Lincoln’s favorite walking stick in appreciation.
人群给道格拉斯一个站立的口吻,总统的遗孀玛丽·托德·林肯(Mary Todd Lincoln)给了他林肯最喜爱的行走棒以示赞赏.
The walking stick still rests in Douglass’s house.
步行棒还留在道格拉斯家。
Douglass wanted the United States to reach its potential as a “land of the free” for blacks, women, Native Americans, and immigrants, too.
道格拉斯希望美国成为黑人、妇女、美洲原住民和移民的“自由之地”。
“I would unite with anybody to do right and with nobody to do wrong,” Douglass said.
Douglass说,“我愿意与任何人团结起来,做对的事,与任何人一起做错事。”
He continued to fight for equality for the rest of his life.
他一生不断为平等而奋斗.
Douglass died on February 20, 1895.
道格拉斯于1895年2月20日去世.
Today, Douglass is often called the father of the civil rights movement.
今天道格拉斯经常被称作"民权运动之父".
He changed the way Americans thought about slavery and race.
他改变了美国人对奴隶制和种族的看法.
He left behind words to continue to inspire Americans, including this motto: “Right is of no sex, truth is of no color.”
他留下了文字来继续激励美国人,包括这个格言: “权利不分性别,真理不分肤色。 “
Glossary abolition (n.)
词汇废除(n.)
the act of doing away with or ending something; the act of making slavery illegal (p.
(b) 使奴隶制成为非法的行为(p.
7) amendment (n.)
7) 修正(n.)
a change or addition to a document or law (p.
对文件或法律的修改或补充(第2页)。
14) autobiographies true stories about a person’s life, written by that person (p.
14) 个人写作的关于一个人生活的真实故事(p.
11) citizenship (n.)
11) 公民身份(n.)
the state of being an official member of a country (p.
国家的正式成员(p.
14) civil rights (n.)
14) 公民权利 (n.)
legal, social, and economic rights that guarantee freedom and equality for all citizens (p.
保障所有公民自由和平等的法律、社会和经济权利(第3页)。
15) editorials (n.)
15)社论 (n.
articles in a newspaper or magazine that express the opinion of the publisher (p.
在发表出版商意见的报纸或杂志上发表文章(p.
12) eloquence (n.)
12)口语(n.
clear, effective writing or speaking (p.
明确、有效书写或发言(p.
11) fugitive (n.)
11) 逃犯(不详)
a person who is running from something, usually legal authorities (p.
个人逃避某事,通常是法律当局(p.
10) incompatible (adj.)
10)不兼容(adj.)
unable to coexist without trouble or conflict (p.
无法在没有麻烦或冲突的情况下共存(p.
6) inspire (v.)
6)激励(五.
to encourage a person to act (p.
鼓励个人采取行动(p.
13) literacy (n.)
13) 识字(n.)
the ability to read and write (p.
读写能力(p.
8) principles (n.)
8) 原则(n.)
basic values or ideals that guide an action or decision (p.
指导一项行动或决定的基本价值观或理想(p.
12) (n.)
12）（名词词条）