Dolores Huerta
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Born to Be an Activist.
Born to be a activist的目录。
4 Becoming an Organizer.
4 成为组织者。
6 Turning to Activism.
6 转向行动主义。
7 Changing the Law.
页:1 变化正法.
12 Working for Women and Families.
12 为妇女和家庭工作。
13 Making a Difference.
13 作出改变。
15 Glossary.
15 词汇。
16 Born to Be an Activist Born in 1930 in Dawson, New Mexico, Dolores Clara Fernández was exposed to activism at a young age.
16 生于1930年,生于新墨西哥道森,Dolores Clara Fernández年轻时就接触了活动主义.
Her father, Juan Fernández, was a miner who was active in his miner’s union.
她的父亲Juan Fernández是一名矿工,
A union is an organization in which workers come together to negotiate with the owners or leaders of a business.
工会是工人聚集在一起与企业所有者或领导人谈判的组织。
They may ask for safer working conditions, better pay, or solutions to other issues that are important to them.
他们可能要求获得更安全的工作条件、更好的工资或解决对他们很重要的其他问题。
The owners or leaders of a business might not listen to just one person.
企业的业主或领导人可能不只听一个人的话。
However, it’s difficult to ignore all their employees.
不过,
The involvement of her father in the union, as well as his later role in state government, stayed with Dolores all her life.
她的父亲参与工会,以及他后来在州政府出任的角色,一直留在多洛丝身边.
Coal miners were some of the first workers to organize into unions so they could have safer working conditions.
煤矿工人是最早组织工会的工人之一,这样他们就能有更安全的工作条件。
At the age of three, Dolores moved with her mother, Alicia Chávez, and two brothers to the rural farming community of Stockton, California.
三岁时,多洛雷斯与她的母亲艾丽西亚·查韦斯和两个兄弟搬到了加利福尼亚州斯托克顿的农村农业社区.
Her mother ran a hotel where low-wage farmworkers often stayed.
她的母亲经营着一家旅馆,低工资的农场工人经常呆在那里.
Young Dolores saw that her mother sometimes let them pay a lower fee or even stay for free.
年轻的多洛丝看到,她的母亲有时让他们支付更低的费用,甚至免费留下来.
As she grew up, Dolores helped her mother at the hotel.
在她长大后,多洛雷斯在酒店帮助她的母亲.
She met many farmworkers, including people of Mexican, Filipino, Chinese, and Japanese backgrounds.
她结识了包括墨西哥人,菲律宾人,中国人,和日本人背景在内的许多农场工人.
She talked to them and learned about their lives and struggles.
她与他们交谈,并了解了他们的生活和斗争.
At Stockton High School, Dolores was a member of many different clubs and organizations.
在斯托克顿高中 多洛雷斯是许多不同俱乐部和组织的成员.
She did well in school, but she also experienced prejudice.
她在学校表现很好,但也经历了偏见.
One teacher doubted that Dolores could have written an outstanding essay just because she was Latina.
一位老师怀疑多洛丝可能仅仅因为她是拉丁人而写出一篇杰出的散文.
When Dolores was fifteen, several white men attacked her older brother.
多洛斯15岁时,有几名白人袭击了她的哥哥.
At the time, he had been wearing a style of clothing associated with minorities.
当时他一直穿着与少数民族有关的服装风格.
The racism-fueled violence deeply affected Dolores.
以种族主义为主的暴力深深地影响了多洛雷斯。
After her high school graduation in 1947, Dolores studied to be a teacher at the University of the Pacific in Stockton, California.
1947年高中毕业后,多洛雷斯在加州斯托克顿太平洋大学学习成为教师.
Becoming an Organizer Following college graduation, Dolores taught elementary school near Stockton.
在大学毕业后,多洛雷斯在斯托克顿附近教小学。
Seeing her students, many of them children of farmworkers, often come to school hungry and without proper clothing left Dolores longing to do more.
见到她的学生,其中许多是农场工人的孩子,经常是饥饿地来上学,没有合适的衣服,使多洛雷斯渴望做更多的事.
She wanted to help people of color and people with little money, especially farmworkers.
她想帮助有色人种和钱不多的人,特别是农场工人.
Dolores said, “I thought I could do more by organizing farmworkers than by trying to teach their hungry children.”
Dolores说,“我认为,组织农场工人比教他们饥饿的孩子做得更好。 “
In 1955, Dolores left her teaching position to work for the Community Service Organization (CSO).
1955年,多洛雷斯离开教职到社区服务组织(CSO)工作.
This urban group helped Latino Americans register to vote.
这个城市团体帮助拉美裔美国人注册投票.
It also handled issues of discrimination and segregation.
它还处理歧视和隔离问题。
The CSO worked with lawmakers to make conditions better in barrios—neighborhoods where many working-class Latino immigrants lived.
民间社会组织与立法者合作,改善许多工人阶级拉丁美洲移民所居住的街区的条件。
Dolores Huerta worked hard to empower Mexican Americans in barrios across California, such as this one in Los Angeles.
Dolores Huerta努力增强美国墨西哥裔美国人在加利福尼亚州各地的权能, 例如洛杉矶的这个。
Turning to Activism Dolores Huerta (she was using her married name by now) changed her focus to working as a labor activist.
转而谈谈行动主义多洛雷斯·韦尔塔(她现在使用她婚后的名字),
She founded the Agricultural Workers Association (AWA) because she wanted to help rural communities and farmworkers, not just the urban communities that the CSO reached.
她创立了农业工人协会(AWA),因为她想帮助农村社区和农场工人,而不仅仅是公民社会组织接触到的城市社区.
Farmworkers frequently worked in the fields from dawn to dusk without a break.
农场工人经常从黎明到黄昏在田地上打工,没有休息.
They often lacked fresh drinking water and bathrooms.
他们往往缺乏淡水和浴室。
In America at this time, most laborers had little control over their working conditions.
此时的美国,大多数劳工对其工作条件几乎没有控制.
Seasonal workers who came from Mexico had no say at all.
来自墨西哥的季节工人根本没有发言权。
The AWA wanted to change all that.
AWA想改变这一切。
The Bracero Program Since World War II (1939–1945), the United States had allowed Mexicans to work on American farms during the busy season when farms needed extra help.
二战以来的布拉塞罗计划(1939–1945),美国允许墨西哥人在繁忙的季节在美国农场工作,当时农场需要额外的帮助.
This was called the Bracero Program ( bracero is Spanish for “manual laborer”).
这被称为布拉塞罗计划(cardro是西班牙语,意为“手工业者”)。
The original Bracero law guaranteed decent living conditions and a minimum wage.
最初的布拉塞罗法保障体面的生活条件和最低工资.
Farms didn’t always follow those rules.
农场并不总是遵守这些规则。
Huerta helped cancel the Bracero Program in 1964 to pave the way for better conditions for farmworkers.
Huerta在1964年帮助取消了布拉塞罗方案,以便为农民工人更好的条件铺平道路。
Mexican workers arrive by train in 1942.
墨西哥工人于1942年乘火车抵达.
In 1962, Huerta left the CSO.
1962年,韦尔塔离开CSO.
During her time with the CSO and AWA, Huerta met Cesar Chavez, a leading labor and civil rights activist.
韦尔塔在公民社会组织和澳大利亚妇女协会任职期间,会见了Cesar Chavez,她是一位主要的劳工和公民权利活动家。
Both Huerta and Chavez tried unsuccessfully to convince the CSO to expand its reach to farmworkers.
Huerta和Chavez都试图说服民间社会组织扩大对农场工人的接触,但没有成功。
For this and other reasons, Huerta and Chavez, along with others, began the National Farm Workers Association (NFWA), into which Huerta merged the AWA.
出于这个原因和其他原因,韦尔塔和查韦斯等开始成立"全国农场工人协会"(NFWA),韦尔塔将AWA合并入其中.
By 1964, one thousand workers had joined the NFWA.
到1964年,已有一千名工人加入NFWA.
Huerta served as vice president of the National Farm Workers Association, while Chavez held the role of president.
韦尔塔出任全国农场工人协会副主席,而查韦斯则出任会长.
Do You Know?
你知道吗?
Pesticides are chemicals sprayed on crops to kill insects and weeds.
农药是被喷入农作物去杀昆虫和杂草的化学品.
They can be harmful to humans, too—especially farmworkers.
它们也可能对人类有害,特别是农场工人。
For over half a century, Huerta has been negotiating with farms through unions to use fewer pesticides.
半个多世纪以来,Huerta一直通过工会与农场谈判,以减少杀虫剂的使用。
She also lobbies the government to regulate their use.
她还游说政府管制它们的使用.
Union contracts now require that workers be notified about the use of pesticides.
工会合同现在要求将杀虫剂的使用通知工人。
Even today, thousands of farmworkers get sick each year because of exposure to pesticides.
即使在今天,每年也有上千名农场工人因接触农药而生病.
In 1965, a group of grape growers in Delano, California, were paying grape pickers less than minimum wage.
1965年,加利福尼亚州德拉诺的一群葡萄种植者支付葡萄采摘者低于最低工资.
Members of the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee (AWOC), who were mostly Filipino, went on strike.
农业工人组织委员会成员大多是菲律宾人,他们罢工。
The AWOC asked the now six thousand members of the NFWA, mostly Mexican workers led by Chavez and Huerta, to join them.
AWOC要求现在的六千名NFWA成员,主要是由Chavez和Huerta领导的墨西哥工人加入他们.
Together, the two unions became the United Farm Workers Organizing Committee (UFWOC).
两个工会一起成为农场工人联合组织委员会(UFWOC)。
It later changed its name to the United Farm Workers (UFW).
后来更名为"联合农场工人"(UFW).
Although farms often feature pesticide warning signs, many farmworkers are still exposed to dangerous chemicals.
虽然农场往往具有农药警告标志,但许多农场工人仍然接触了危险化学品.
Huerta represented the union in negotiations with grape growers.
韦尔塔代表工会参加了与葡萄种植者的谈判.
She helped organize a boycott of California-grown grapes across the United States.
她帮助组织了一场抵制全美国加州种植的葡萄的活动.
Millions of people joined the boycott in support of farmworkers.
数百万人加入了抵制运动,支持农场工人。
In 1966, Huerta and Chavez led a 340-mile (547 km) march.
1966年,韦尔塔和查韦斯率领了340英里(547公里)长的出征.
They walked from Delano, California, to Sacramento, the state capital, to gain support for the strike.
他们从加利福尼亚州德拉诺步行到州会萨克拉门托,为罢工争取支持.
Huerta carries a box filled with newspapers documenting the grape boycott.
Huerta带着一个装满报纸的盒子,
Seventy-five farmworkers started a march in support of the Delano grape boycott in March 1966.
75名农场工人于1966年3月开始游行,支持德拉诺葡萄抵制.
By the end of the march twenty-five days later, thousands of farmworkers and their supporters had joined together.
到25天后游行结束,数千名农场工人及其支持者联合起来.
As a result of their efforts, the state’s entire grape industry finally agreed to workers’ demands in 1970.
由于他们的努力,该州整个葡萄工业最终于1970年同意了工人的要求.
Grape pickers received a pay raise and the first union contract for farmworkers in American history.
摘取葡萄者获得了加薪,也是美国历史上第一个为农场工人签订的工会合同.
Now grape pickers could negotiate as a group, using strength in numbers to ask for better pay and conditions.
现在,采葡萄者可以作为一个团体进行谈判,利用人数上的力量要求更好的薪酬和条件.
Huerta’s Family Huerta raised eleven children (Emilio, Ricky, Camila, Juana, Fidel, Vincent, Celeste, Lori, Angela, Alicia, and Maria Elena) while working hard for the causes she believed in.
韦尔塔家庭的韦尔塔(Huerta)抚养了11个孩子(埃米利奥,瑞奇,卡米拉,胡安娜,菲德尔,文森特,塞莱斯特,洛里,安吉拉,艾丽西亚,和玛丽亚·埃琳娜),同时为她所信仰的事业而努力.
Huerta joins striking farmworkers on a grape field in Delano, California, in January 1966.
休尔塔于1966年1月在加利福尼亚州德拉诺的葡萄地上加入出众的农场工人.
Huerta was a strong role model for her kids.
赫尔塔是她孩子的坚强榜样.
Changing the Law While the UFW helped farmworkers, the law did not recognize the union.
虽然妇联帮助农场工人,但法律不承认工会。
In 1975, Huerta worked as the chief lobbyist for farmworkers.
1975年,韦尔塔出任农场工人首席说客.
She helped get the Agricultural Labor Relations Act passed.
她帮助通过了《农业劳资关系法》。
This law finally gave farmworkers the official right to unionize.
这项法律最终赋予了农场工人正式的工会权利.
In the 1980s, Huerta pushed for the Immigration Reform and Control Act.
1980年代,韦尔塔推动"出入境改革控制法".
In general, only American citizens can work in the United States.
一般来说,只有美国公民才能在美国工作.
The government can allow people from other countries to work under certain programs.
政府可以允许其他国家的人民在某些方案下工作.
Seasonal farmworkers coming into the country were often stuck in the middle.
季节性的农场工人经常被困在中间。
Farms needed them, but it was difficult for them to work legally in the United States.
农场需要它们,但它们很难在美国合法工作。
Once the law was passed in 1986, it became easier for seasonal workers to find legal work.
1986年该法通过后,季节性工人更容易找到合法工作。
Huerta leads farmworkers during a march rallying support for a grape boycott in Coachella, California, in 1969.
休尔塔带领农场工人在1969年在加利福尼亚州Ceachella举行的游行中集会支持葡萄抵制活动.
Working for Women and Families Huerta was able to succeed as a female leader in a mostly male-dominated field.
为Huerta工作的妇女和家庭,能够在一个主要由男性主导的领域成功成为女性领导人。
However, Huerta wants women to have more opportunities, especially in politics.
然而,韦尔塔希望妇女有更多的机会,特别是在政治方面.
In a 2017 interview with National Public Radio (NPR), she discussed the issues women face when struggling to balance work and family.
在2017年接受国家公共广播电台(NPR)采访时,她讨论了妇女在努力兼顾工作与家庭时面临的问题.
She highlighted how important it is to have women in politics.
她强调了让妇女参政的重要性。
“We do need women to run for office.
“我们确实需要妇女竞选公职。
we need a feminist to be at the table when decisions are being made so that the right decisions [that take women’s well-being into account] will be made.”
我们需要一位女权主义者在作出决定时摆出一席之地,以便作出正确的决定[考虑到妇女的福祉]。 “
Women in the U.
女在吴.
S.
师曰.
Congress 3% 5% 12.
国会3%5% 12.
4% Women are gradually holding more seats in the U.
4%的妇女逐渐在乌克兰占有更多的席位。
S.
师曰.
Congress.
国会.
In 2018, women represented 19.
2018年,妇女代表19人.
8% in the House of Representatives and 23% in the Senate.
众议院占8%,参议院占23%.
Source: statusofwomendata.
资料来源:妇女数据状况。
org Huerta has also encouraged Latinas to run for office at all levels.
org Huerta也鼓励拉丁裔竞选各级公职。
In 2017, she supported Catherine Cortez Masto in her campaign to become the first Latina elected to the U.
2017年,她支持凯瑟琳·克特斯·马斯多竞选成为首位入选U的拉美人.
S.
师曰.
Senate.
参议院。
She was successful!
她成功过!
Still, while Latinos made up approximately 17 percent of the U.
尽管如此,虽然拉丁裔约占U的17%.
S.
师曰.
remain underrepresented.
任职人数仍然不足。
Catherine Cortez Masto was Nevada’s attorney general before winning one of the state’s seats in the U.
凯瑟琳·克特斯·马斯多(Catherine Cortez Masto)是内华达州的总检察官,在赢得该州在U的一个席位之前.
S.
师曰.
Senate.
参议院。
Almost one in five members of the 2018 U.
近五分之一的2018 U成员.
S.
师曰.
Congress are members of a racial—or ethnic—minority group.
国会是种族或族裔少数群体的成员。
Diversity on the Rise in U.
(原始内容存档于2018-10-21). Diversity on the Rise in U.
S.
师曰.
Congress Source: Pew Research Center Native American Asian Black Hispanic Members of Congress total 535.
资料来源:皮尤研究中心(Pew Research Center Introduct American Asian Black Hispanic),国会议员共计535名.
Making a Difference Dolores Huerta has led a life of activism, including organizing and participating in protests, marches, and boycotts.
包括组织和参加抗议、游行和抵制。
She has worked persistently as a lobbyist for issues in which she believes.
她一直为她所相信的问题充当说客。
Huerta helped bring about important improvements in the lives of millions of farmworkers, from helping them gain the right to unionize to getting certain harmful pesticides banned.
Huerta帮助使数百万农场工人的生活得到重大改善,从帮助他们获得加入工会的权利到禁止某些有害农药。
In many different ways, Dolores Huerta has made a lasting impact on American history.
多洛雷斯·韦尔塔在许多不同方面对美国历史产生了持久的影响.
In 2012, President Obama awarded Huerta with a Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest award given to people outside of the government.
2012年,奥巴马总统授予韦尔塔自由总统勋章,这是授予政府外人士的最高奖项.
Huerta speaks at the 2016 Democratic National Convention in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
韦尔塔在宾夕法尼亚州费城举行的2016年民主党国民大会上演讲.
Glossary activism (n.)
词汇活动(n.)
the work of or the belief in bringing about social or political change (p.
实现社会或政治变革的工作或信念(p.
4) agricultural (adj.)
4) 农业(adj.
(n.)
(无)