of the Battlefield
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Introduction.
导言表。
4 Clara’s Childhood.
4 Clara的童年.
6 Early Jobs.
6 早期工作。
7 The Civil War.
7 国共内战.
8 The American Red Cross.
8 美国红十字会.
11 The Red Cross Today.
11"今日红会".
15 Glossary.
15 词汇。
16 Introduction Guns cracked and cannons boomed through the suffocating summer air of Virginia.
16"入门"炮声爆裂,大炮从弗吉尼亚令人窒息的夏季空气中繁荣.
Beneath that noise was a softer but much more terrifying sound.
在那个声音的下方 是一个更柔软但更恐怖的声音。
Wounded and dying men moaned or cried out for help.
伤而死之人呻吟或呼为相助.
However, in the chaos of the battlefield, no one replied to their cries.
然而,在战场的混乱中,没有人回应他们的叫声.
Through the smoke came an unbelievable sight: a small woman wearing a modest dress and carrying armloads of bandages.
通过烟雾,出现了令人难以置信的一面:一个小女人穿了一身温和的裙子并携带了手持的绷带.
A Union commander stopped her before she could reach wounded soldiers.
一名联盟指挥官在她到达受伤士兵之前阻止了她。
“This is no place for a woman!”
这不是一个女人的住处!
he shouted.
他大叫着
The woman looked the officer right in the eye and handed him a letter.
这名妇女直视警官的眼睛,给他一封信。
The letter—signed by Surgeon General William A.
这封信由外科医生William A将军签署。
Hammond, the nation’s top doctor—authorized Clara Barton to visit battlefields and tend to sick and wounded soldiers.
哈蒙德,全国顶级医生——授权克拉拉·巴顿访问战场,倾向于伤病士兵.
As soon as he read the name Clara Barton, the commander’s eyes went wide, and he bowed in apology.
指挥官一读到克拉拉·巴顿这个名字,就睁大了眼睛,他鞠躬道歉.
Without a word, the woman made her way toward the injured soldiers.
没有一句话,那女人就向受伤的士兵走去。
The Angel of the Battlefield had arrived.
战地天使来了
Clara’s Childhood Clara Barton was the baby of her family.
克拉拉的童年克拉拉·巴顿是她家庭的婴儿.
When she was born on December 25, 1821, in Oxford, Massachusetts, her four siblings were already teenagers.
当她于1821年12月25日生于马萨诸塞州牛津时,她的四个兄弟姐妹已经是青少年.
They adored their little sister and taught her everything from reading to riding a horse.
他们崇拜自己的妹妹,教她从读书到骑马的一切.
She quickly learned how to work on the family farm.
她很快学会了如何在家庭农场工作.
Clara was very smart, but she was also very shy.
克拉拉非常聪明,但她也非常害羞.
Her parents thought boarding school might help her come out of her shell.
她的父母认为寄宿学校可以帮助她走出外壳.
School was traumatic for Clara.
学校给克拉拉造成了创伤。
She was so terrified of speaking in front of strangers that she became ill.
她害怕在陌生人面前说话,以致生病。
Her parents quickly brought her home.
她的父母很快把她带回家.
When Clara was eleven, something happened that changed her life forever.
克拉拉11岁时 发生了一些事情 永远改变了她的生活
Her favorite brother, David, was helping build a barn when he fell off the roof.
她最爱的哥哥大卫从屋顶上摔倒时正在帮助建造谷仓.
His injuries were very serious.
他的伤势非常严重。
For over two years, Clara stayed at his bedside until he fully recovered.
在两年多的时间里,克拉拉一直待在他的床边,直到他完全康复.
She never forgot how purposeful caring for him felt.
她从未忘记 关心他有多有目的
Early Jobs When Clara grew up, she knew she wanted to work.
早期任务 克拉拉长大后,她知道自己想工作.
But in the 1800s, women weren’t allowed to do many jobs.
但是在1800年代, 妇女被不允许做很多工作。
One of the few careers they could have was to teach.
他们可以从事的少数职业之一是教书。
After starting in a one-room schoolhouse in Oxford, Massachusetts, Clara took a job in Bordentown, New Jersey.
在马萨诸塞州牛津一室一室的学校开始后,克拉拉在新泽西州博登镇找了份工作.
At the time, there were no free public schools in New Jersey—only private schools that cost money to attend.
当时,新泽西没有免费的公立学校——只有私立学校需要花钱上学。
Clara thought this was an injustice for poor students.
克拉拉认为这是对贫困学生的不公正.
She started a free school that was open to anyone.
她创办了一所对任何人开放的自由学校.
The school quickly attracted hundreds of students.
学校迅速吸引了上百名学生.
Clara hired more teachers, but the New Jersey school board didn’t think a woman should run a school.
但新泽西州学校董事会认为女性不该办学校。
They hired a man to be principal.
他们雇人当校长
Clara was deeply insulted.
克拉拉受到了深深的侮辱.
She felt she had no choice but to leave teaching.
她觉得自己别无选择,只能离开教学。
The Civil War Clara moved to Washington, D.
内战克拉拉迁都华盛顿.
C.
C组
, the nation’s capital, and found a job in the U.
国家首都,
S.
师曰.
Patent Office.
专利局.
She was good at her job and was quickly promoted.
她擅长工作并被迅速提升.
Once again, there was concern about a woman holding an important government job, and she was replaced by a man.
再一次有人担心一位女性担任了重要的政府工作,她被男性所取代.
This time, Clara didn’t have time to find a new job.
这次克拉拉没有时间找到新工作。
The country was about to be torn apart by war.
国家即将被战争撕裂。
The Civil War erupted between the northern Union and the southern Confederacy in 1861.
1861年南北战争爆发于北方邦联和南方邦联.
Washington, D.
华盛顿
C.
C组
, was right in the middle of the conflict, and wounded men poured into the city.
正在冲突之中 受伤的人倒入了城市
Clara immediately decided to help.
克拉拉立即决定提供帮助.
Clara set up an office in Washington, D.
克拉拉在华盛顿设立了一个办事处.
C.
C组
, to help families find missing wounded soldiers (left).
,帮助家属找到失踪的受伤士兵(左方).
Patients wait for treatment at a Union Army hospital in 1864 (main).
患者于1864年在一联合军医院等待治疗(主).
Near the battlefields were makeshift hospitals, called field hospitals, where Clara found her calling.
战场附近是临时医院,叫野外医院,克拉拉在那里发现她的电话.
She braved gunfire to care for injured soldiers, with few helpers and even fewer supplies.
她勇敢地用枪来照顾受伤的士兵,只有很少的助手,甚至更少的补给.
She went without sleep, tending to wounded soldiers by candlelight.
她睡不着觉,靠烛光照顾受伤的士兵。
A bullet tore through her sleeve, grazing her arm, but she never left her post.
子弹撕开她的袖子,放牧她的手臂,但她从未离开过岗位.
She cared for Confederate soldiers, even though she was from the North and believed strongly that slavery was wrong.
她关心邦联的士兵,尽管她来自北方,并且坚信奴隶制是错误的.
Soldiers called her the “Angel of the Battlefield.”
士兵称她为“战地天使”。 “
Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Pennsylvania Maryland Washington D.
弗吉尼亚 北卡罗来纳 南卡罗来纳 宾夕法尼亚 马里兰州 华盛顿特区.
C.
C组
Medicine During the Civil War During the Civil War, more soldiers died from disease than from battles.
国共内战时期的医学,因病死亡的士兵多于战役.
At the time, doctors had very few tools and techniques.
当时,医生几乎没有工具和技术.
They could perform some surgery, such as removing arms or legs.
他们可以做一些手术,如取出手臂或腿.
Doctors and nurses could do basic first aid, such as stitching wounds and bandaging.
医生和护士可以做基本的急救,如缝合伤口和打筋.
Since little was known about germs, diseases and infections spread quickly.
由于对细菌知之甚少,疾病和感染迅速蔓延。
Clara had no training as a nurse, but she quickly picked up all there was to know at the time.
克拉拉虽然没有受过护士训练,但她很快地拿起当时所要知道的一切.
Wounded Civil War soldiers wait for treatment in 1862 at Savage Station, Virginia.
受伤 1862年,战争士兵在弗吉尼亚州萨维奇站等待治疗.
She started by organizing medical supplies for hospitals.
她首先为医院组织医疗用品。
However, many soldiers were so badly hurt that they couldn’t make it to a hospital—they needed the hospital to come to them.
但许多士兵受伤严重,
Clara wrote to the government asking for permission to go to the battlefield.
克拉拉写信给政府,请求允许去战场.
The idea of a woman on the front lines was unheard of, but she wouldn’t give up.
但她不会放弃。
Finally, she received a letter that let her go straight to the fight.
最后,她收到了一封信,让她直接去战斗.
ATLANTIC OCEAN Map area These are just a few of the battles in which Clara Barton helped soldiers during the Civil War.
大西洋 地图区域 这些只是克拉拉·巴顿在内战期间帮助士兵的几起战斗.
The Geneva Convention The small European country of Switzerland is located high in the Alps, a mountain range that runs through France, Germany, Italy, and Austria.
《日内瓦公约》 欧洲小国瑞士地处阿尔卑斯山脉高地,是一条横穿法国,德国,意大利和奥地利的山脉.
Its capital, Geneva, has become a place for meetings that create international agreements.
其首都日内瓦已成为制定国际协定的会议场所。
The Geneva Convention of 1863 brought sixteen nations together to decide on the rules of war, including how to care for prisoners and wounded soldiers.
1863年"日内瓦公约"使16个国家聚集一堂,决定战争规则,包括如何照顾被俘和被打伤的士兵.
From this meeting, the International Red Cross was formed.
从这次会议开始,成立了国际红十字会.
The American Red Cross After the war, Clara was exhausted.
美国红十字会 战后,克拉拉筋疲力尽.
Her doctor advised her to rest, so she went to Europe.
她的医生建议她休息,于是她去了欧洲.
Even there, Clara’s work was famous.
即使在那里,克拉拉的作品也很出名.
In Switzerland, a group of leaders wanted to meet her.
在瑞士,一群领导人想见她。
They were part of a new organization called the International Red Cross, which helped care for wounded and displaced people during wars— no matter what side they were on.
他们是名为国际红十字会的新组织的一部分,该组织帮助照顾战争期间的伤员和流离失所者——不管他们站在什么一边。
The idea electrified Clara, and she immediately joined volunteers caring for soldiers in the Franco-Prussian War in France and Germany.
这个想法使克拉拉电气化了,她立即加入了在法国和德国的法普战争中照顾士兵的志愿者.
There she saw the well-supplied, well-staffed, and well-organized medical teams she could only have dreamed about during the Civil War.
在那里,她看到了供应充足,人手充沛,组织良好的医疗队,她只能在内战期间梦见.
Clara vowed to start a similar Red Cross when she returned to the United States.
克拉拉在回到美国后发誓要启动类似的红十字会.
In 1881, Clara founded the American Red Cross, taking on the role of president.
1881年,克拉拉成立美国红十字会,出任会长.
The United States was in a period of peace, but the American Red Cross was not idle.
美国处于和平时期,但美国红十字会并没有闲置.
Clara made sure the organization stocked food, tents, clothing, money, and medicine ahead of time so it wouldn’t have to scramble for supplies during an emergency.
Clara确保该组织提前储备食物、帐篷、衣服、金钱和药品,
She led volunteers into disaster zones, helping people left homeless by wildfires in Michigan and flooding on the Mississippi River.
她带领志愿者进入灾区,帮助被密歇根州野火和密西西比河被洪水淹没而无家可归的人.
Organized, well-equipped medical and civilian teams cared for wounded soldiers in the Franco-Prussian War.
在法克-普鲁士战争中,有组织、装备精良的医疗队和平民队照顾受伤的士兵。
In May of 1889, a dam near Johnstown, Pennsylvania, suddenly burst.
1889年5月,宾夕法尼亚州约翰斯敦(Johnstown)附近的一座水坝突然倒塌.
A wall of water swept away the town.
水被一堵墙冲走
Over 2,200 people died in one of the worst disasters the United States had ever known.
超过2200人死于美国有史以来最严重的灾难之一.
Clara and her Red Cross workers went straight into the devastation.
克拉拉和她的红十字会工作人员直接进入了这场灾难.
Clara stayed in Johnstown for five months, helping survivors rebuild their health and lives.
克拉拉在约翰斯敦停留了五个月,帮助幸存者重建了自己的健康和生活.
The American Red Cross won the deep admiration of the whole nation.
美国红十字会赢得了全国的深切钦佩.
For years, Clara ran the American Red Cross however she saw fit.
多年来,克拉拉管理着美国红十字会,不管她认为怎样合适。
She used her own money and never kept many records.
她用她自己的钱,从来没有保留过很多记录.
Before the government would renew the Red Cross’s charter or detailed contract, however, it insisted that she make things more official.
在政府续订红十字会章程或详细合同之前,
Clara refused to change her ways.
克拉拉拒绝改变她的方式.
In 1904, she resigned as president.
1904年,她辞去总统职务.
Clara was now eighty-one-years old, but she wasn’t done yet.
克拉拉现在八十一岁,
She started the National First Aid Association of America, which made popular the single-box “first aid kit.”
她创办了美国全国急救协会,该协会普及了“急救箱”。 “
As she reached ninety, Clara finally began to slow down.
随着她达到90岁,克拉拉终于开始减速.
On April 12, 1912, she passed away in her home in Glen Echo, Maryland, surrounded by friends.
1912年4月12日,她在马里兰州格伦回声的家中去世,被朋友所包围.
The Johnstown tragedy was remembered in poems, books, and songs.
约翰斯敦悲剧在诗歌,书籍和歌曲中被人们所铭记.
The Red Cross Today Clara’s work with the American Red Cross was the start of modern humanitarian aid.
今天的红十字会克拉拉与美国红十字会的合作是现代人道主义援助的起步.
She expanded the role of the Red Cross to include natural disasters as well as war.
她将红十字会的作用扩大到包括自然灾害和战争。
Today, the Red Cross is often the first organization on the scene of a hurricane, earthquake, or flood.
今天,红十字会经常是飓风,地震,或洪水现场的第一个组织.
They set up field hospitals to care for people who are hurt and sick.
他们设立了野外医院,为受伤和生病的人提供护理。
They organize donations and distribute food, clothing, tents, clean water, and medicine.
他们组织捐款并分发食物、衣服、帐篷、清洁水和药品。
Clara Barton believed that all people deserve health and dignity.
克拉拉·巴顿认为所有人都应该享有健康和尊严.
Throughout her long and busy life, she showed how to care for others when they need it most.
在她漫长而繁忙的一生中,她展示了在他们最需要的时候如何照顾他人.
Today, 97 million volunteers, members, and staff in 187 nations follow in Clara Barton’s footsteps.
今天,187个国家的9 700万志愿者、成员和工作人员走在了克拉拉·巴顿的后台。
Glossary authorized (v.)
授权词汇表(五.)
given permission or official approval (p.
(第2页)
5) battlefield (n.)
5) 战场 (n.
the location or area where a fight or conflict takes place (p.
战斗或冲突发生地或地区(p.
4) careers (n.)
4) 职业(不详)
jobs or professions that a person has over a long period of time, usually with opportunities for advancement or greater success (p.
一个人长期从事的工作或专业,通常有晋升或更大成功的机会(p.
7) Civil War (n.)
7) 内战 (n.
the war between the Northern and Southern states of the United States of America (1861–1865) (p.
美国南北各州之间的战争(1861–1865)(p.
8) disaster (n.)
8) 灾害(n.
a sudden event that causes great damage, harm, or loss; an event with a terrible result (p.
(一) 造成重大损害、伤害或损失的突发事件;
12) field hospitals (n.)
12) 野外医院 (n.
temporary structures, near a battlefield or other emergency situation, where wounded or sick people receive medical care (p.
在战场附近或其他紧急情况下,伤者或病者接受医疗照顾(p.
10) founded (v.)
10)成立(五.
created or set up a group or organization (p.
创建或设立团体或组织(p.
12) humanitarian (adj.)
12)人道主义(adj.)
of or related to a person or group that helps people, especially by eliminating pain and suffering (p.
帮助他人,特别是通过消除疼痛和痛苦(p.
15) purposeful (adj.)
15) 有目的(adj.
meaningful or important (p.
具有意义或重要性(p.
6) survivors (n.)
(6) 幸存者(不详)
people who have lived through a life-threatening event (p.
经历过危及生命事件的人(p.
13) tend (v.)
13) 倾向(v.
to take care of or give special attention to something or someone (p.
照顾或特别关注某物或某人(p.
5) volunteers (n.)
5)志愿者 (n.
people who offer help or a service without being asked or paid (p.
提供救助或服务而不要求或支付报酬的人(p.
12) An American Red Cross disaster relief van distributes hot meals in Moore, Oklahoma, following a tornado in May 2013.
12)是一架美国红十字会救灾面包车,在2013年5月一场龙卷风后,在俄克拉荷马州摩尔分发热餐.