Underground Cities

美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习

Table of Contents Introduction.

导言表。

4 Ancient Cities.

4古城.

5 Derinkuyu, Turkey.

5 土耳其德林库尤。

5 City of Caves, Nottingham, England.

5 Caves City of Caves, 英格兰诺丁汉.

7 Modern Cities.

7"现代城市".

9 Coober Pedy, Australia.

9 Coober Pedy,澳大利亚。

9 SubTropolis, Kansas City, Missouri, United States.

9分特罗波利斯分会,位于美国密苏里州堪萨斯城.

12 Future Underground Cities.

12"未来地下城市".

15 Glossary.

15 词汇。

16 Introduction You’ve probably heard about animals that live underground.

导言 你可能听说过生活在地下的动物。

Ants, moles, groundhogs, and prairie dogs are just a few examples.

蚂蚁,地鼠,土拨鼠和草原犬只是几个例子.

But did you ever hear of people living underground?

你听说过有人住在地下吗?

People around the world have lived underground for hundreds, and in some cases, thousands of years.

全世界人民在地下生活了上百年,有时甚至有上千年.

In some places, they still do.

在一些地方,他们仍然这样做。

Visiting some of these places reveals many different reasons for choosing these unusual dwellings.

访问其中一些地方,可以发现选择这些不寻常的住房有许多不同的原因。

Residents may have been seeking protection from enemies or weather, an affordable way to live, or simply more living space.

居民可能一直在寻求免遭敌人或天气的保护,一种负担得起的生活方式,或仅仅是更多的生活空间。

Whatever the reason, underground cities are found all over the world.

无论什么原因,地下城市遍布世界各地.

The naked mole rat is one of many types of animals that live underground.

裸鼠鼠是生活在地下的多类动物之一.

Ancient Cities Derinkuyu, Turkey The Cappadocia (kap-uh-DOH-shee-yuh) region of central Turkey is known for its ancient underground cities.

土耳其德林库尤古城 土耳其中部的Cappadocia (kap-uh-DOH-shee-yuh)地区以古老的地下城市而出名.

More than two hundred discovered in the area.

该地区发现200多起.

One of the best known is Derinkuyu (deh-rin-KOO-yoo).

其中最有名的是德林克尤(德克-林-克奥-尧).

This ancient city was carved into the soft, volcanic rock that is common in the region.

这座古城被雕刻成该地区常见的软而火山岩.

This city includes caves and other land features that were first formed naturally by wind and water.

这个城市包括了由风和水首先自然形成的洞穴和其他地貌.

As a result, archaeologists have no way of knowing exactly when it was built.

因此,考古学家无法确切知道它何时建成.

Building Derinkuyu was an amazing feat of engineering.

建筑德林库尤是一个惊人的工程成就.

The city was at least eleven stories deep, though only eight stories have been excavated.

这座城市至少深了11个故事,虽然只有8个故事被挖掘出.

Thousands of air shafts made breathing possible at the deepest levels.

数以千计的气管使呼吸达到最深的水平。

Scientists say that in order to construct the city, the original builders must have known a lot about engineering.

科学家们说,为了建造这座城市,最初的建造者们一定对工程学了解甚多.

Because the rock is so soft, the pillars needed to be very strong so the tunnels wouldn’t collapse.

因为岩石很软, 柱子需要非常坚固,

This approach worked well because no evidence of collapses has yet been found.

这种做法效果良好,因为尚未找到崩溃的证据。

Derinkuyu had room for about twenty thousand people as well as their food and livestock.

德林库尤拥有大约2万人的空间以及他们的粮食和牲畜.

Stone doors weighing 454 kilograms (1,000 lbs.)

石门重454公斤(1 000磅)

could close off the entire city from the inside, and each floor could be closed off from the other floors.

可能把整个城市从内部关闭, 每层都从其他楼层关闭。

Evidence suggests that Derinkuyu was built underground to hide people and supplies during invasions.

有证据表明德林库尤是在入侵期间为隐藏人和补给而建造地底.

The city included homes, stables, storage rooms, a school, and a supply of freshwater.

该市包括了住宅,马厩,储藏室,一所学校,以及淡水供应.

A tunnel 9 kilometers (6 mi.)

隧道9公里(6米.

underground city.

地下城区.

A local Cappadocian resident accidentally discovered the city while breaking through a wall to expand his own cave home in 1963.

一名当地卡帕多克居民在1963年突破一堵墙来扩建自己的洞穴住宅时意外地发现了这座城市.

This carved rock interior of a cave house is found on the fourth floor underground in Derinkuyu.

在德林库尤地下四层发现了一所洞房所雕刻出的内部岩石.

City of Caves Nottingham, England Another ancient city lies beneath the streets of Nottingham, England.

英格兰克夫斯诺丁汉市 另一个古城位于英国诺丁汉的街道下方.

The City of Caves was carved into sandstone so soft that the material can be shaped with simple hand tools.

洞穴之城被雕刻成砂岩来柔和地使材料能用简单的手工具来塑造.

Unlike Derinkuyu, it didn’t use existing caves but instead was cut into solid rock.

与德林库尤不同,它没有使用已存在的洞穴,而是被切割成坚固的岩石.

This ancient city has close to five hundred caves, all of which were carved by hand.

这个古城有近五百个洞穴,都由手工雕出.

Evidence suggests that people lived in the City of Caves from as far back as the eleventh century until at least the mid-1800s.

有证据表明,人们生活在洞穴城中,早在11世纪,直到至少18世纪中叶。

The people of Nottingham used the caves as homes, work areas, and cellars.

诺丁汉人将洞穴用作家园,工作地,地窖.

One area, called Drury Hill, was once a wealthy neighborhood but turned into a slum by the nineteenth century.

一个叫德鲁里的地区 希尔曾经是一个富裕的街区,但到了19世纪变成了贫民窟.

Poor families lived in single-room basements, some of which still remain today.

贫穷家庭住在单间地下室,其中一些仍留在今天。

These underground living areas were so overcrowded that diseases spread easily.

这些地下居住区过于拥挤,疾病很容易传播.

During World War II (1939–1945), people used the caves as air raid shelters when England was bombed.

二战期间(1939–1945),英国被轰炸时人们将洞穴用作空袭避难所.

In the late 1960s, work began on a shopping center above the caves, which were going to be filled in with concrete.

20世纪60年代后期,洞口上方的购物中心开工了,准备用混凝土填充.

After the public decided against it, the local historical society arranged for the caves to be declared an ancient monument.

在公众决定予以反对后,当地历史社会安排将洞穴定为出土古迹.

As a result, most of the caves were preserved.

因此,大部分地洞被保存.

They have been open to the public since 1978.

1978年起对外开放.

Polish Salt Mine The world’s most unusual salt mine lies deep beneath the ground in southern Poland.

波兰盐矿 世界上最不寻常的盐矿位于波兰南部地底深处。

The town of Wieliczka (vee-LEECH-ka) was founded in the thirteenth century to mine nearby underground salt deposits.

Wieliczka镇(vee-LEECH-ka)成立于13世纪,以开采附近的地下盐矿.

Over the centuries, the miners created dozens of carved statues (right), as well as chapels and a huge cathedral, out of rock salt.

几个世纪以来,矿工们用石盐创造了数十个雕刻雕像(右),以及小教堂和一座巨大的大教堂.

The salt mining ended in 1996.

盐矿开采于1996年结束.

Nottingham Castle sits on top of the underground City of Caves.

诺丁汉城堡坐落在地底城市洞穴上方.

Modern Cities Coober Pedy, Australia A remote area of South Australia contains a mine with some of Earth’s greatest treasures.

澳大利亚现代城市Coober Pedy 南澳大利亚的偏远地区 埋有地上一些最珍贵的宝藏

Coober Pedy produces more opals than anywhere else in the world.

相较于世界上任何地方,库伯·佩迪都生产出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出入出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出

These unusual gemstones are valued for their changing colors.

这些不寻常的宝石因其变化的颜色而受到重视.

Opals have been mined in Coober Pedy since 1915.

自1915年以来,在Coober Pedy就埋有花花.

Because of the extreme summer heat—as high as 40°C (104°F)—many miners live in homes carved into hillsides.

由于夏季极端高温——高至40°C(104°F)——许多矿工住在被雕刻成山坡的家中。

These cavelike homes, called dugouts, cost about the same to build as aboveground homes.

这些洞穴式的住宅被称为"挖出",建造地上住宅的成本大致相同.

However, because the temperature underground stays constant, residents don’t need air-conditioning in the summer or heat in the winter.

居民在夏季或冬季不需要空调,

Homes aren’t the only structures built underground.

房屋并非唯一地下建筑。

The town also has subterranean shops, museums, and churches.

该镇还拥有地下商店,博物馆和教堂.

Coober Pedy attracts people from around the world.

Coober Pedy吸引了来自世界各地的人.

Visitors can tour a working opal mine, learn about the history of the area, explore underground homes, and dig for opals.

参观者可以巡视工作opal矿井,了解该地区的历史,探索地下住宅,并挖掘opal.

During their visit, they can even stay in an underground hotel!

在他们访问期间,他们甚至可以住在地下旅馆里!

Do You Know?

你知道吗?

The name Coober Pedy comes from the Australian Aboriginal words kupa piti, which mean “white man in a hole.”

Coober Pedy这个名字来源于澳大利亚原住民的用词kupa piti,意思是“一个洞中的白人”。 “

Julie Knight, a resident of Coober Pedy, has this to say about subterranean living: “Living underground is better than normal housing.

Julie Knight是Coober Pedy的一位居民,他提到地下生活:“在地下生活比普通住房好。

There are no windows in any of the rooms except along the front.

除前门外,任何房间都没有窗户。

Windows are usually kept to a minimum because of our climate.

视窗通常由于我们的气候而保持在最低限度.

The more windows, the more heat.

取出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出多出出多出多出多出多出多出多出出多出多出多出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出

All rooms have a small air vent to allow natural air circulation.

所有房间都有一个小的通气口来允许自然的空气循环.

Since hot air rises, it all goes up and out.”

自从热气起起起起起起起出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出 “

The Underground Motel near the opal mines in Coober Pedy, Australia, welcomes visitors year round.

澳大利亚Coober Pedy露天矿附近的地下汽车旅馆全年欢迎游客.

This opal is like those mined in Coober Pedy.

这片地洞就像在Coober Pedy所开采的地洞

“The temperature is a constant 23–25 degrees Celsius (73°F–77°F) year round, so there are no heating or cooling costs.

" 温度是全年23-25摄氏度(73°F-77°F)的常数,因此没有取暖或冷却成本。

One room has an airshaft that lets in a circle of light.

一室有一气相相出能入一圆光相.

Other rooms are pitch black until you turn on the light.

其他房间都是黑色的 直到你打开灯

“Older dugouts in Coober Pedy were dug by hand with a pick.

“Coober Pedy的老挖土机是用手挖的。

Some residents leave the pick marks on the walls as reminders of how hard it was to dig there in the early days.

一些居民在墙上留下了取出标记,以提醒人们早期在那里挖掘是多么困难.

Others paint their dugouts, usually white to make them brighter and lighter.

另一些则涂上他们的挖出物,通常为白色来使其更明亮更轻.

There is very little dust inside.

里面的灰尘很少

Dugouts are soundproof, blocking out traffic and neighbor noise.

Dugouts是隔音的,阻断了交通和邻居的噪音.

I think I’m pretty lucky to be living in such a unique home, so full of character.”

我感到很幸运能生活在如此独特的家中, “

SubTropolis Kansas City, Missouri, United States Lying below the Worlds of Fun and Oceans of Fun theme parks in Kansas City, Missouri, is a different kind of world known as SubTropolis.

密苏里州下特罗波利斯堪萨斯城(SubTropolis Kansas City, Missouri),美国在密苏里州堪萨斯城下游取乐世界和取乐海洋主题公园下游,是另一种被称为"下特罗波利斯"的世界.

SubTropolis calls itself “the world’s largest underground business complex.”

亚特罗波利斯自称"世界上最大的地下商业综合体". “

Originally a limestone mine, the enormous underground space is now rented out to a variety of businesses for storage, manufacturing, printing, and other purposes.

原为石灰岩矿,巨大的地下空间现在被出租给各种企业,用于储存,制造,印刷等用途.

The complex is completely protected from the outdoors, so its tenants never have to worry about rain, snow, ice, wind, or other rough weather conditions.

该建筑群被完全地从户外保护出,因此其租户从不必担心雨,雪,冰,风等恶劣天气条件.

Even though the employees don’t look up and see the sky in SubTropolis, the interior is painted white, which makes it seem light and bright.

虽然员工们不抬头看天,

Originally a one-room home, Faye’s Historic Underground House was converted into a full house, including a swimming pool.

原本为一室之家,费伊的"历史地底"被改建为一整所房子,包括游泳池.

A semi-truck drives along 11.

一辆半卡车沿11跑

3 kilometers (7 mi.)

3公里(7海里)

of paved underground roads in SubTropolis.

地下路铺设在特罗波利斯地下

Underground temperatures and humidity are constant.

地底温度和湿度不变.

As a result, businesses use roughly one-quarter of the electricity that they would aboveground, and there’s no problem with moisture build-up.

因此,企业使用大约四分之一的地上电力,水分积聚没有问题。

Because of this minimal use of electricity, one tenant calls SubTropolis truly environmentally friendly.

由于这种很少使用电力,一个租户称特罗波利斯分公司真正对环境友好.

Also, due to the constant climate underground, many treasures are safely stored in SubTropolis.

另外,由于地下气候持续,许多珍宝被安全地存放在分特罗波利斯.

These include millions of U.

其中包括上百万个U.

S.

师曰.

Postal Service collectable stamps and old, original film reels from classic movies and TV shows.

邮政局收藏的邮票和经典电影和电视剧出品的老旧原创电影卷.

The first tunnels under Dover Castle were built in the thirteenth century for soldiers to launch surprise attacks on invading enemies.

多佛城堡下的第一个地道建于13世纪,供士兵对入侵的敌人发动出其不意的攻击.

During the Napoleonic Wars (1793–1815), seven more tunnels were added to accommodate up to two thousand troops.

在拿破仑战争期间(1793–1815年),又增加了7个地道,最多可容纳两千名官兵.

The tunnels were used as recently as World War II as a military command center (pictured above).

这些地道作为军事指挥中心(上方图)最近作为二战使用.

They are the only underground barracks ever built in Britain.

他们是英国唯一建造的地下兵营

Dover Castle Underground Shopping Around the World Many places around the world have large underground districts.

多佛城堡地下购物环绕世界 世界各地很多地方都有大型地下区.

Here are some: • Vincom Mega Mall Royal City (top) in Hanoi, Vietnam, is an entertainment complex as well as an underground mall.

- 温克梅高 位于越南河内市的商城(上)是一座娱乐综合体以及地下商场.

It contains over six hundred shops, a water park, an ice-skating rink, and game centers.

里面有六百多家商店,一个水上乐园,一个溜冰场和游戏中心。

Instead of a food court, it has a food street with roughly two hundred restaurants.

它没有食物法庭,而是有一个食物街,大约有200个餐馆。

into the ground.

进入地上。

atop a nine-story building.

在九层楼。

Future Underground Cities Although many underground shopping areas exist around the world, no new large underground cities are being built today.

未来地下城市 虽然世界各地都存在许多地下购物区,但今天没有新建大型地下城市.

However, individuals in many countries are building subterranean homes.

然而,许多国家的个人正在建造地下住宅。

Underground dwellers say that their homes use less energy, cost less to maintain, and offer more privacy than aboveground homes.

地下居民说,他们的家用能较少,维护成本较低,比地上住宅提供更多的隐私.

Because of skyscrapers, today’s cities seem to be growing up toward the sky.

因为摩天大楼,今天的城市似乎在向天空发展。

In the future, they may instead grow down.

将来,它们可能会逐渐衰落。