Deciduous Forests
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents A Blaze of Color.
内容表 A 亮相.
4 The Temperate Deciduous Forest Biome.
4"温和地分化森林生物".
5 Climate and Soil.
5 气候和土壤。
7 Plants.
7个工厂。
9 Animals.
9动物.
12 People.
12个人。
14 Magnificent Beauty.
(原始内容存档于2017-10-12). 14 Magnifical Beauty.
15 Glossary.
15 词汇。
16 A Blaze of Color Fall is a special time of year.
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The weather gets cooler, and many people feel more comfortable being outside.
天气变凉了,许多人在外面感觉更自在.
In some parts of the world, this season has special appeal beyond the weather.
在世界一些地区,这个赛季有着超越天气的特殊吸引力.
As temperatures start to cool down, the first colorful hints of autumn appear on trees.
随着温度开始降温,第一个多彩的秋季提示出现在了树木上.
Before long, brilliant displays of yellows, golds, oranges, and reds paint the countryside.
不久后,辉煌地展示出黄花,金花,橙花,红花等地为农村作画.
Some people only need to step outside their door to see these glorious landscapes.
一些人只需要走出门去看这些辉煌的地貌.
Others may fly thousands of miles to view them.
其他人可能飞了上千英里去查看它们.
One thing is certain: this amazing event is not to be missed.
有一点是肯定的:这个惊人的事件是不可错过的.
Brilliant fall colors are one of the greatest shows on Earth.
辉煌的秋色是地球上最伟大的表演之一。
They’re also a telltale sign of temperate deciduous forests.
他们也是温带分解森林的明亮标志。
Leaves change color in a forest in Germany.
叶子在德国的森林中会变色.
The word deciduous comes from a Latin word that means “to fall off.”
该词从拉丁语中取出"去掉"的意思. “
Deciduous trees lose their leaves in winter.
断取花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花
They are sometimes referred to as leaf-shedding trees.
它们有时被称作花叶树.
To shed means to give off as part of a normal life process, such as a snake shedding its skin or a cat shedding hair.
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The Temperate Deciduous Forest Biome Different types of environments cover Earth’s surface.
不同种类的环境覆盖地表。
These regions and the communities of plants and animals that live there are called biomes.
这些地区以及生活在那里的动植物群落被称作生物群落.
Grasslands, rainforests, deserts, and oceans are examples of biomes.
草地,雨林,沙漠,海洋都是生物群落的例子.
So are temperate deciduous forests.
温带分解的森林也一样。
Many factors play a part in creating Earth’s biomes.
许多因素在创造地球生物群落中起一定作用.
Two important ones are latitude—how far a location is from the equator—and elevation, or height above sea level.
有两个重要方面是纬度——一个位置离赤道有多远——和高地,或海平面上高地。
Both help determine how warm or cool a place is.
两者都帮助确定一个地方有多温暖或酷.
Climate, land, and water are also important building blocks of biomes, as are plants and animals.
气候、土地和水也是生物群落的重要基石,动植物也是如此。
Temperate deciduous forests are large areas where deciduous trees grow.
温带分生森林是生长有分生树木的大片地区.
The leaves on these trees change color in fall and drop to the ground in winter.
这些树上的叶子在秋季会变色,冬季会倒入地上.
Autumn leaves color the landscape in Quebec, Canada.
秋叶花为加拿大魁北克的地貌花样.
Earth’s Temperate Deciduous Forest Regions Temperate deciduous forests are located in the northern temperate zone.
地温带地温带森林 地温带地温带森林
This latitude band is in the Northern Hemisphere between the cold polar zone and hot tropical zone.
这个纬度波段位于北半球寒冷的极地和热热带地带之间.
Much of the eastern third of the United States is in this biome, as well as a small part of Canada.
美国东三分之一的大部分位于这个生物群落中,以及加拿大的一小部分.
Large areas of temperate deciduous forest are also found in Europe, Japan, eastern Russia, China, and Korea.
温带分解林也分布于欧洲,日本,俄罗斯东部,中国和韩国等地.
Temperate deciduous forests may border many other biomes.
温带分解森林可能与许多其他生物群落相接壤。
They may be located next to grasslands, semiarid deserts, taiga (cold forests), or subtropical forests.
它们可能位于草地,半干旱沙漠,泰加(寒冷森林)或亚热带森林相邻.
About 7 percent of Earth’s land is temperate deciduous forests.
地球约7%的土地是温带分解森林。
Australia, New Zealand, southern South America, and Washington State have some areas with deciduous trees, but they aren’t considered part of this biome.
澳大利亚、新西兰、南美南部和华盛顿州有些地区树木腐烂,
Climate and Soil Temperate deciduous forests are located in regions that receive both very warm and very cold weather.
气候和土壤温带分解林位于气候非常温暖和寒冷的地区。
As a result, this biome has four seasons, each with its own unique personality.
因此,这个活体有四个季节,每个季节都有自己独特的个性.
Winters are cold, often with low precipitation, although it varies from place to place.
冬季寒冷,常有低降水,虽然各地降水量不同.
Temperatures and precipitation both rise in spring and reach their peak in summer, which can be quite humid.
气温和降水均在春季上升,夏季达到峰值,可以相当潮湿.
Autumn is cool and crisp, with a drop in precipitation.
秋分凉爽而脆,降水减少.
Temperatures throughout the year generally range between –30°C (–22°F) and 30°C (86°F).
全年气温一般在-30°C(-22°F)至-30°C(86°F)之间.
Temperate deciduous forests have the second- highest precipitation per year of any biome, after rainforests.
温带分层森林每年的降水量是任何生物群落的第二高,仅次于雨林.
Roughly 75 to 150 centimeters (30–59 in.)
约75至150厘米(30至59英寸).
of precipitation fall each year.
降水量每年下降。
In winter, precipitation often falls as snow, sleet, or hail.
在冬季,降水经常会降下雪地,出血,或冰雹.
A beech forest in Germany comes to life in spring.
德国的一棵海鸟森林在春天诞生
Snow decorates bare deciduous trees in winter.
雪地装饰有冬季赤裸的倒木.
Do You Know?
你知道吗?
In some temperate regions, the soil contains more sand and fewer nutrients.
在一些温带地区,土壤中含有更多的沙子和较少的营养.
Forests in these regions often have a mix of deciduous and evergreen trees.
这些地区的森林往往由枯燥和常绿的树木混合而成。
Evergreens, which can live in weaker soils, lose and grow their leaves throughout the year instead of once each year.
常绿乔木可以活在较弱的土壤中,全年失去并生长出叶子,而不是每年一次.
Forests with both kinds of trees are often referred to as mixed forests.
有两种树木的森林常被称作混交林.
Soils in temperate deciduous forests tend to be deep, dark, and fertile.
温带分化林中的土壤往往会很深,阴暗并肥沃.
This is a result of trees dropping their leaves in autumn.
这是秋天树叶落下的结果.
The leaves build up on the forest floor, creating a dense layer of leaf litter.
叶子堆积在林地上,形成密集的叶子垃圾层.
Fungi, bacteria, and other underground organisms break down this leafy layer, releasing nutrients into the soil.
真菌,细菌等地下生物分解出这种多叶地层,将营养物质放入土壤.
In late fall, leaf litter covers the ground in a temperate deciduous forest.
后期秋天,叶子被温带腐殖质的森林所覆盖.
Plants Temperate deciduous forests are also known as temperate broadleaf forests.
温带阔叶林也叫温带阔叶林.
Most of the trees in this biome have wide, flat leaves instead of thin needles.
这个生物群落中的大部分树木有宽而平的叶子来代替薄的针.
Leaf shape is an adaptation that helps the trees survive.
叶子形状是一种能帮助树木生存的适应.
Because the leaves have a large surface area, they capture a great deal of sunlight for photosynthesis.
由于叶子有较大的地表面积,因此能捕捉出大量的阳光来进行光合作用.
In this process, plants make food from sunlight, water, air, and chlorophyll, a chemical.
在这个过程中,植物用阳光,水,空气,和叶绿素等化学物质来制作食物.
Forests in this biome generally have five levels of plants.
这种生物群落中的森林一般有五级植物.
The canopy includes the tallest trees, which receive the greatest amount of sunlight.
树冠包括最高的树木,它们得到的阳光最多.
The fertile soil nourishes many hardwood trees, including oak, elm, maple, hickory, beech, and ash.
肥沃的土壤滋养出许多硬木树木,包括橡树,榆树,枫树,山地丘陵地,山蜂和灰地.
Some sunlight gets through the dense canopy, which allows many species of plants to grow in the lower levels.
有的阳光会穿过密集的树冠,这样可以使许多种类的植物在较低水平上生长.
The shape and texture of the leaves of deciduous trees make them easy for plant eaters to digest.
枯木的叶子的形状和纹理使得植物食用者容易消化.
the forest floor, or ground.
林地,或地上。
They also grow on tree trunks.
它们也生长在树干上.
In addition to leaf shape, trees in temperate deciduous forests have other adaptations that help them survive.
除了叶子外形外,温带分生林中的树木还有其他能帮助其生存的适应.
Dropping their leaves and becoming dormant in winter allows them to conserve energy and withstand the cold.
落叶后在冬季会变得休眠,从而可以节约能量并抵御寒冷.
Thick bark also offers trees protection from low temperatures.
细树皮也为树木提供低温保护.
Plants in lower levels of the forest have adaptations, too.
森林下层的植物也有适应性
For example, ferns and wildflowers grow quickly in early spring before the canopy fills out and blocks too much sunlight.
例如:花和野花在花冠填满前的早春会迅速生长并阻断过多的阳光.
Rhododendron shrubs thrive under the canopy of a forest in Wales.
罗多德龙灌木在威尔士森林的树冠下蓬勃发展.
Ferns grow in a birch forest.
费斯生长在一棵树上
Why Leaves Change Color The leaves of deciduous trees mainly conduct photosynthesis in spring and summer.
为什么离开会改变颜色 分生树的叶子主要在春夏进行光合作用.
They use sunlight and chlorophyll, a chemical mostly found in leaves, to turn water and carbon dioxide gas into a sugar that gives the trees energy.
它们利用阳光和叶绿素,一种主要在叶子中发现的化学物质,将水和二氧化碳气体转化为能给树木能量的糖.
Leaves are green because they’re full of chlorophyll.
叶子是绿色的,
They also contain orange, yellow, or brown chemicals that are hidden by the green chlorophyll.
它们也含有被绿色叶绿素所隐藏的橙色,黄色或棕色化学物质.
In fall, when the weather gets cooler and trees receive less sunlight, photosynthesis slows down.
在秋季,当天气变凉,树木得到的阳光较少时,光合作用会减缓.
Leaves stop making chlorophyll, so they lose their green color.
叶子停止做叶绿素,因此失去绿色.
As a result, the hidden colors start to show.
因此,隐藏的颜色开始显现.
When the weather gets cold enough in fall, the temperature starts to drop below freezing.
当秋天天气变得足够寒冷时,气温会开始下降至冰下.
Before the sap inside the leaves begins to freeze, the trees shed their leaves in order to protect themselves from damage.
在叶子内部的树苗开始结冰前,树叶会倒出花叶来保护自己免受破坏.
Deciduous trees are bare in winter.
断取花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花花
They use the food they stored in spring and summer to survive.
它们利用所储存的春夏食物来生存.
When spring comes and temperatures warm up, new leaves grow.
春来而气温取暖后,新叶会长出.
Animals Many different kinds of animals live in temperate deciduous forests.
多种不同种类的动物生活在温带分解林中.
This is in part because of the many kinds of plants available to eat.
这部分是因为有多种植物可供食用.
Another reason is the variety of habitats with water, including lakes, ponds, rivers, and streams.
另一个原因是有水的生境种类繁多,包括湖泊,池塘,河流和溪流.
Predators include bobcats, foxes, mountain lions, timber wolves, and coyotes.
捕食者有花鼠,狐狸,山狮,木材狼等,还有狼.
Large herbivores include white-tailed deer as well as moose in some areas.
大型食草动物包括白尾鹿和一些地区的麋鹿.
Rabbits, squirrels, and chipmunks are among the smaller herbivores.
兔,松鼠,花栗鼠属于较小的食草动物.
Omnivores include skunks, raccoons, opossums, and black bears.
奥姆尼沃斯包括臭鼬,浣熊, op鼠和黑熊等.
Snakes, frogs, toads, and turtles are common, as are woodpeckers, cardinals, hawks, owls, and many other birds.
蛇,青蛙,蛤蟆等多为常见,而啄木鸟,红衣,鹰,猫头鹰等多为常见鸟类.
This biome is also home to many insects and spiders.
这个活体也是许多昆虫和蜘蛛的家园.
Eastern gray squirrels feed on the nuts, buds, and flowers of deciduous trees.
东方灰松鼠以坚果为食,花芽为生,花被分化出树.
Before regal moths mature fully, they eat deciduous leaves.
在Regal smoths完全成熟之前,它们会食用可腐烂的叶子.
Animals in this biome have adaptations to help them through the harsh winters.
这个生物群落中的动物有适应性来帮助他们度过严寒的冬天.
They need more energy to stay warm but have a harder time finding food since trees are dormant.
他们需要更多的能量来保持温暖,但更难找到食物,因为树木休眠了.
Some animals, such as squirrels, store food for the winter ahead of time.
一些动物,如松鼠会提前储存冬季的食物.
Others, such as black bears and American toads, hibernate so they won’t need as much energy.
其他人,例如黑熊和美国的蛤蟆,会冬眠,这样他们就不需要那么多精力了。
Another way to survive the winter is to reduce heat loss.
冬季生存的另一种方法是减少热量损失.
Red foxes grow a thicker coat of fur and often stay protected from the cold in dens.
红狐会长出更厚的皮毛外衣,并经常会被保护在穴中免受寒冷.
Mice and other rodents stay warm under a blanket of snow.
老鼠和其他啮齿动物在雪毯下保持温暖.
Woodpeckers and most owls are year-round residents of this biome.
啄木鸟和大多数猫头鹰都是这个生物群落的全年居民.
Many songbirds only live here during the warmer months.
许多歌鸟只在更温暖的几个月里住在这里.
In winter, they migrate to warmer places where food is more plentiful.
在冬季,它们会迁移到食物更丰富的更温暖的地方.
A red fox stays warm in its den on a cold winter day.
在寒冷的冬天 红狐狸会在它的巢穴里保持温暖
Woodpeckers live in deciduous forests in the eastern United States all year long.
啄木鸟全年生活在美国东部的可割裂的森林中.
People People have lived in temperate deciduous forests for many thousands of years.
人们在温带可腐烂的森林里生活了几千年。
Most of this biome has been changed a great deal from its original condition.
大部分生物群落 已经与原状大相径庭
For at least five thousand years, people have been making use of its resources.
至少五千年以来,人们一直在利用其资源。
These include fertile soil for growing crops and hardwood trees for fuel and building.
其中包括种植作物的肥沃土壤和用于燃料和建筑的硬木树.
Today, these forests are one of the most populated biomes in the world.
如今,这些森林是世界上人口最多的生物群落之一.
People continue to use their resources, although in some places the forests have grown back.
人们继续利用自己的资源,尽管在一些地方,森林已经恢复了。
Temperate deciduous forests are popular recreation spots.
温和的分解森林是受欢迎的休闲地.
Hiking, boating, fishing, camping, and wildlife watching all bring people to this biome.
徒步旅行、划船、钓鱼、露营、野生生物 都把人带到这个生物群落中
In addition, the fall colors are an irresistible attraction.
此外,秋色也是一种不可抗拒的取景地.
Hikers in South Korea enjoy the fall colors.
韩国的嬉皮士享受倒下花色.
Magnificent Beauty Temperate deciduous forests stand out in every season.
美丽的温带森林在每一季都很出名
Frost, snow, and sunlight turn bare forests into winter wonderlands.
霜雪和阳光 将裸露的森林变成冬天的奇地
In spring, the awakening of dormant trees and flowers provides welcome signs of new life.
在春季,休眠的树木和花朵被唤醒,为新的生命提供了可喜的迹象.
Summer heat and rain bring an explosion of green growth.
夏季发热和下雨带来绿色增长的爆炸.
Vibrant fall colors change landscapes into beautiful works of art.
活泼的倒地花色将地貌改变为美丽的艺术品.
If you have a chance to visit a temperate deciduous forest, especially in fall, be sure to go.
如果你有机会访问温带可腐烂的森林, 特别是在秋天, 请一定要去。
Gazing at the brilliantly colored trees or walking on a carpet of crunchy leaves is an experience you’ll never forget.
看着鲜艳的彩色树木,