Bus System

美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习

Table of Contents The Trusty Bus.

信托巴士目录.

4 Taxes to Transportation.

4 运输税。

5 Mass Transit on a Massive Scale.

5 大规模运输。

6 History.

6 历史.

8 Safety.

8号安全

12 Yellow Buses Go “Green”.

12 黄公交车走"绿色".

13 Conclusion.

13 结论。

15 Glossary.

15 词汇。

16 The Trusty Bus Sarah walks outside on a freezing winter day.

16 信托巴士莎拉在寒冷的冬天走出去.

She shivers on her way to the school bus stop a block from her apartment.

她在去校车的路上颤抖 从她公寓的一街区停下来

As cold as it is, though, she’s not worried about standing outside.

她并不担心站在外面。

She knows she won’t have to wait for long.

她知道她不会等太久。

The bus pulls up right on time, and she greets the driver as she boards.

公交车准时开来,她当着司机的面迎接司机.

She barely notices, though, as the bus pulls out of the stop and rumbles down the road, taking her to school.

不过她几乎没注意到 当公交车从车站拉出 然后沿路翻来翻去 送她上学

It’s a part of her day she simply takes for granted.

这是她一天的一部分,

Taxes to Transportation The yellow school bus is part of the landscape for Sarah and many American students who depend on bus service to get to school.

运输税 黄色校车是莎拉和许多依靠公交服务上学的美国学生的景观的一部分.

Few people ever stop to think about how that bus system works.

很少有人会停下来思考 公交系统是如何运作的

Yet the school bus system is one of the most important and complex mass transit systems in the country.

然而,校车系统是该国最重要和最复杂的公共交通系统之一。

Busing students to school requires the efforts of a small army of people.

接送学生上学需要一小队人手的努力.

School buses travel on all kinds of roadways, from interstate highways to unpaved rural lanes.

校车在从州际公路到未铺设的农村道等各种出行道上.

The vehicles, drivers, mechanics, and fuel that make the school bus system work are controlled by individual school districts.

使校车系统发挥作用的车辆、司机、机械工和燃料由各校区控制。

School buses are paid for with taxpayer money that often comes from local property taxes.

校车用纳税人的钱支付,这些钱往往来自地方地产税.

Businesses and homeowners are taxed on the value of their property.

企业和房屋所有人按其财产价值纳税.

They pay that tax to local governments, which use it to pay for services such as police departments, fire departments, and schools.

他们向地方政府支付这笔税,地方政府用这笔税来支付诸如警察局、消防部门和学校等服务。

In addition, states sometimes give schools transportation funds that are used for busing.

此外,各州有时还给予学校用于公交的交通资金.

Buses support the American public school system, which is based on the principle that everybody is entitled to an education.

公共汽车支持美国公立学校制度,该制度基于人人有资格接受教育的原则。

Mass Transit on a Massive Scale Planning the system of buses that move students to and from school is an enormous job.

大规模过渡 规划将学生往返学校的公交车系统是一项艰巨的工作.

The fleet of public school buses in the United States employs more vehicles and moves more people than any other form of mass transit in the country.

美国公立学校公交车的车队比国内任何其他形式的大众中转车都多,动人也多.

In 2013, about 480,000 buses carried students to school each day.

2013年,每天约有48万辆公交车载学生上学.

Slightly more than half of public school students, about twenty-six million of them, used school buses daily.

公立学校学生中略多于一半,约有2600万人,每天使用校车.

In fact, the American school bus fleet has more than twice as many vehicles as all the other mass transit systems in the country combined.

事实上,美国校车车队的车辆数量是该国所有其他大众运输系统总和的两倍多。

The American school bus system is so enormous for several reasons.

美国校车系统如此庞大,原因有几个.

The country’s large size, its large population, and its lack of other public transit options for students in many places make school buses necessary.

该国人口众多,许多地方的学生缺乏其他公共交通选择,因此校车是必要的。

This is especially true in rural areas, which often have no public transit options at all outside the school bus system.

在农村地区尤其如此,在校车系统之外,农村地区往往没有公共交通选择。

Rural American school buses tend to have very complex and wide-ranging routes.

美国农村校车往往有非常复杂和广泛的路线.

The rural school bus system in Kingman, Arizona, for example, covers an area larger than the entire state of Delaware.

例如亚利桑那州金曼的乡村校车系统覆盖面积大于整个特拉华州.

In order to make these wide-ranging bus routes work efficiently, school transportation planners must examine a number of factors.

为了使这些广泛的公交线路有效运行,学校的交通规划人员必须检查一些因素.

They must try to ensure that students don’t spend too much time traveling back and forth every day.

他们必须尽力确保学生不会每天花太多时间往返。

They must establish bus stops that aren’t too far away from students’ homes so students can walk to their stop.

他们必须建立离学生之家不远的公共汽车站,

Many districts offer bus service to any student who lives more than 2 miles (3.

许多区为任何居住2英里以上的学生提供公交服务(3.

2 km) from school.

离学校2公里。

Students who might be placed in dangerous situations by walking to school (such as crossing a highway) are often offered bus service, too.

步行上学可能陷入危险境地的学生(例如穿越公路)也经常获得公共汽车服务。

Sometimes kids make less-than-safe crossings to get to school.

有时孩子为了上学而去的路口都不太安全。

Math Minute At 1,954 square miles (5,060 sq km), Delaware is the second smallest of the fifty states.

数学分钟 在1,954平方英里(5,060平方千米)上,特拉华州是50个州中第二小州.

In Arizona, the Kingman Unified School District (KUSD) is more than 3,000 square miles (7,779 sq km).

在亚利桑那州,金曼统一学区(KUSD)面积超过3,000平方英里(7,779平方千米).

If KUSD is 3,000 square miles, how much larger is it than the state of Delaware?

如果KUSD是3,000平方英里,它比特拉华州还要多?

Answer: 1,046 square miles (2,709 sq km) History American public schools began organizing mass transportation for their students long before the modern school bus existed.

答:1,046平方英里(2,709平方千米) 美国历史公立学校早在现代校车存在之前就开始为其学生组织大众交通.

In the 1800s, many students attended one-room schoolhouses in sparsely populated rural school districts.

1800年代,许多学生在人口稀少的农村校区入读一室一室的学校.

In these situations, some students walked.

在这种情况下,一些学生走过.

Others might use horse-drawn wagons or sleds to get to school.

其他人可能用拖马车或雪橇上学。

Over time, school districts discovered that it was efficient to use a system of horse- drawn wagons.

随着时间的推移,各校区发现使用马车牵引系统是有效的.

The wagons would pick up students and take them to school.

马车会接学生去上学

A horse-drawn stagecoach school bus waits in front of a Colorado high school around 1910.

1910年左右,一辆马兜铃马戏团校车在科罗拉多州一所高中前等.

Yes to Yellow The big yellow school bus familiar to today’s American school students developed over time.

是,黄 今日美国学生所熟悉的大黄校车随着时间推移而发展.

The first vehicles that carried students didn’t look much like modern buses.

最初载学生的车辆看起来不太像现代巴士。

A school bus from the 1920s, for example, resembled a long car.

例如1920年代的一班校车就类似于一辆车长.

Buses gradually grew larger to hold more and more students.

公交车逐渐变大以容纳越来越多的学生.

The yellow color of modern school buses was chosen because it was highly visible.

现代校车的黄色颜色之所以被选中,是因为其知名度很高.

Educators and parents wanted the school buses to stand out on the road.

教育家和家长希望校车出道.

That way, drivers could easily see the buses and stop in time to allow students to board safely.

这样,司机就可以轻易地看到公交车并及时停车,让学生安全登上.

Today, American school buses are required by law to be painted a color called “National School Bus Glossy Yellow.”

今天,美国校车必须依法被涂上一种叫作“全国校车光泽黄色”的颜色。 “

This helps drivers recognize school buses in an instant.

这有助于司机立刻认出校车。

As populations expanded and technology advanced, horse-drawn wagons gave way to motor vehicles.

随着人口的增长和技术的进步,马车让位于机动车辆。

The basic idea of public transportation for students, however, remained the same.

然而,为学生提供公共交通的基本想法依然不变。

Using large passenger vehicles, school districts set up routes and lined up vehicles.

校区使用大型客车设置出行路线并排出行.

The vehicles picked up students before school and delivered them near home at the end of the day.

车辆在上学前接了学生,最后在家中附近送去.

Then came a new goal: school integration.

后来又出现了一个新目标:学校融合.

This was the process of bringing African American and white children together in schools.

这是让非裔美国人和白人儿童一起上学的过程。

Prior to 1954, many American schools were segregated, meaning that black students and white students were sent to separate schools.

1954年以前,许多美国学校被隔离,这意味着黑人学生和白人学生被送往分立的学校.

These segregated schools were not equal.

这些被隔离的学校是不平等的。

White students usually received better educational opportunities and more resources than black students did.

白人学生通常比黑人学生获得更好的教育机会和资源.

In 1954, the U.

1954年,乌.

S.

师曰.

Supreme Court declared that school segregation discriminated against African American students, and the process of integration began.

最高法院宣布学校隔离歧视非裔美国学生,并开始了融合进程.

For a time, school buses were an important part of that process.

一段时间以来,校车是这一进程的一个重要部分。

In the 1970s and 1980s, schools worked together to bus black students to white schools and vice versa.

在1970年代和1980年代,学校合作将黑人学生开往白人学校,反之亦然.

By the 1990s, however, most school districts had stopped using busing to desegregate schools.

然而到1990年代,大多数校区已经停止使用公交车来消除学校隔离.

A woman explains the Supreme Court decision to end school segregation to her daughter in 1954.

一名妇女解释最高法院关于1954年结束对女儿的学校隔离的决定。

They sit on the steps of the Supreme Court in Washington, D.

他们坐在华盛顿特区最高法院的台阶上。

C.

C组

In recent years, closing schools has presented a new challenge.

近年来,关闭学校提出了新的挑战。

Consolidation is a process in which several smaller schools combine in one larger building.

合并是一个过程,几个较小的学校合并在一个更大的建筑物中。

Consolidating schools can cut education costs since many students can share resources in a larger school.

巩固学校可以降低教育费用,因为许多学生可以在更大的学校中分享资源。

However, consolidation also requires some students to travel much farther to school.

然而,合并还需要一些学生远走高飞。

This makes the bus system extremely important in these districts, and it makes bus routes larger and more complex.

这使得公交系统在这些地區极其重要,也使公交线路更庞大更复杂.

One school bus route in rural Texas took some students roughly 100 miles (160 km) each way in the mid-1990s.

1990年代中期,德克萨斯州农村的一条校车路线将一些学生各带去约100英里(160公里)的地方。

These students spent more time on the bus than they did in school!

这些学生在公交车上花的时间比在学校多!

As part of integration, white children are bused in North Carolina in 1973 (left).

作为融合的一部分,白人儿童于1973年在北卡罗来纳州通车(左).

Black children are bused in Ohio in 1979 (right).

1979年被俄亥俄州黑人儿童公交车(右).

Safety The American public school bus system is the safest transportation option for students.

安全问题 美国公立学校巴士系统是学生最安全的交通选择.

According to the National Safety Council, school buses are forty times safer than private cars.

据国家安全理事会称,校车比私人汽车安全40倍.

School districts require bus drivers to undergo strict safety training.

校区要求公交车司机接受严格的安全培训.

In addition, school buses have a number of built-in safety features, such as emergency exits, reinforced roof structures, and a seat layout that helps keep students safe in the event of a crash.

此外,校车还具有一些内置安全特征,如紧急出入口,加固屋顶结构等,并设有座位布局,可帮助学生在发生相撞事故时保持安全.

Seats are spaced closely together, and seat backs are made to absorb an impact.

座椅相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相相相接相相相接相接相相相相相接相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相

This structure places passengers in a type of protective box.

这种结构将乘客放入一类保护箱.

Interestingly, in most states, safety belts are not required on school buses, though a few states have passed bus safety belt laws.

有趣的是,在大多数州,校车不需要安全带,尽管少数州已经通过了公共汽车安全带法律.

Other bus safety features may include flashing stop signs—to alert drivers that students are getting off or on the bus—and cameras that help drivers see what’s happening inside the bus and outside.

其他巴士安全功能可能包括闪出停车标志(提醒司机学生下车或上车),

We can expect to see more safety upgrades in the future.

我们期望将来能看到更多的安全升级.

When a school bus puts out its stop sign, traffic in both directions is required to stop.

校车出站站牌时,需要双向出站.

Yellow Buses Go “Green” Some school districts are also beginning to make changes to buses that help the environment.

一些校区也开始改变帮助环境的公交车。

For instance, one school bus in New York has an electric engine that doesn’t pollute the air.

例如纽约的一班校车拥有一台不会污染空气的电动发动机。

The bus can travel for about 120 miles (190 km) before it needs to be recharged.

公交车在需要充电前可行驶约120英里(190公里).

Another “green” trend in school bus technology is the use of propane fuel.

校车技术的另一个“绿色”趋势是丙烷燃料的使用。

Propane is much less expensive than traditional bus fuel and less polluting, too.

丙烷比传统的公交车燃料便宜得多,污染也较少.

Do You Know?

你知道吗?

Though seat belts make passengers in private cars much safer, there is some debate about whether this holds true for school buses.

虽然安全带让私家车的乘客更加安全,

For one thing, buses are designed with much tougher safety standards.

首先,公共汽车的设计安全标准要严格得多。

For another, buses often hold more than fifty students at a time.

对另一个国家来说,公共汽车经常一次有50多名学生。

It’s hard, then, for the school bus driver to make sure all those students are even wearing their safety belts.

校车司机很难确保所有学生都戴着安全带。

Hybrid buses like this one use both electric power and diesel fuel.

这种混合型公交车既使用电力,也使用柴油.

In 2007, drivers of hybrid buses reported better mileage—almost twice the mileage of regular school buses.

2007年,混合型公共汽车司机报告说里程较好,几乎是普通校车里程的两倍。

School buses can also reduce pollution by replacing private vehicles on the road.

校车也可以通过更换路上的私人车辆来减少污染.

The average school bus can drive fifty-four students.

普通校车可开行54名学生.

That eliminates about thirty-six private vehicles that would otherwise be used to drive students to school.

这样就取消了大约36辆私人车辆,这些车辆本来可以用来驱使学生上学。

This fact, along with newer, greener technology, can help keep the air cleaner.

这一事实,连同更新的,更绿色的技术,可以帮助保持空气清洁.

Bar 2 = 1.

栏2= 1.

4 gallons each trip Bar 3 =.

每次出行4加仑 第3行=.

8 gallons each trip 14.

每次出行8加仑14.

5 L) 1.

（列表编号：5L-1）

3 L) 0.

3 L) 0 (英语).

8 (3 L) Gallons per 10-mile (16 km) trip 36 family vehicles regular bus (diesel fuel) hybrid bus (diesel + electric) On the Road: Fuel Efficiency Buses are bigger than cars, so they use more gas to go the same distance.

8(3L) 加仑每10英里(16公里)出行 36辆家用车辆普通公交车(柴油) 混合公交车(柴油+电动) 在路上:燃料效率公交车比汽车大,因此多用煤气去同距离.

When you consider the number of passengers, though, buses are far more fuel efficient— and far less polluting.

但考虑到乘客人数,公共汽车燃料效率要高得多,污染程度要低得多。

Conclusion As the school bus slows to a stop, Sarah opens her eyes, startled to find that she’s dozed off.

结论 校车减速到停站时, Sarah睁开眼睛,

She gathers her things and follows the other students off the bus.

她收集她的东西,跟随其他学生下车.

The bus pulls away from the curb, its job done for now.

公交车从路口开走,它的工作目前已经完成.

At the end of the day, it’ll be waiting for them, ready to start the whole journey again in reverse.

最终它将等待他们,

Glossary discriminated (v.)

歧视词汇(五.)

(n.)

(无)

Supreme Court (n.)

最高法院(不详)

(n.)

(无)