and Moon
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Three Important Celestial Bodies.
内容表 三重要天体.
4 The Movements of the Earth.
4 地球运动。
5 The Rotation and Revolution of the Moon.
5月轮回与革命.
8 The Tides.
8"潮"号.
10 Lunar and Solar Eclipses.
(原始内容存档于2019-10-10). 10 Lunar and Solar Eclipses.
12 Conclusion.
12 结论。
15 Glossary/Index.
15 词汇表/索引。
16 Three Important Celestial Bodies The solar system is our home in the Milky Way Galaxy, a huge spiral of stars, gas, and dust.
16. 三个重要的天体 太阳系是我们银河系的家园 恒星、气体和尘埃相接而来
The solar system consists of the Sun, the planets, their moons, and various kinds of debris.
太阳系由太阳,行星,它们的月亮和各种碎片组成.
But to us, the three most important objects in the solar system are the Sun, our own planet Earth, and Earth’s Moon.
但对我们来说,太阳系中最重要的三个物体是太阳、我们自己的行星地球和地球的月球。
The planets and their moons are always moving—the planets circle the Sun, and the moons circle the planets.
行星及其月球总是在移动——行星环绕太阳,而月球环绕行星.
It is a ballet of movement that has gone on for billions of years.
这场运动的芭蕾舞已经持续了数十亿年。
In this book, we will examine the movements of the Earth and Moon in relation to each other and to the Sun.
在这本书中,我们将审查地球和月球在彼此和太阳之间的运动。
The Movements of the Earth Earth, as all planets and moons in the solar system, undergoes two main movements: rotation and revolution.
地球运动作为太阳系中的所有行星和月球,主要进行两种运动:自转和革命.
Rotation is the turning of Earth around its axis, an imaginary line that runs vertically through the center of the planet.
旋转是地球绕着它的轴线转动,这是一条由垂直穿过行星中心而成的假想线.
A single rotation of Earth takes 24 hours.
一次地球自转需要24小时.
It is Earth’s rotation that produces the endless cycle of day and night.
地球的自转产生无尽的昼夜循环。
When one side of the planet is rotated toward the Sun, it is day on that half of the planet.
当地球的一面被旋转到太阳上时, 地球的一半就是白天。
At the same time, it is night on the other half of the planet.
与此同时,它是夜 在地球上的另一半。
Earth’s revolution is its long orbit around the Sun, which takes about 365 days.
地球革命是环绕太阳的长轨道,大约需要365天.
One full year thus corresponds to one complete orbit of Earth around the Sun.
因此,整整一年对应于环绕太阳的地球轨道。
Actually, a single revolution of our planet around the Sun takes 365¼ days.
实际上,我们星球围绕太阳的一次革命需要3651⁄4天。
That is why a leap year must be added to the calendar every four years.
这就是为什么每四年必须在日历上增加一个跳跃年。
A leap year contains one extra day—February 29—which absorbs those four extra quarter days and keeps the calendar in line with the seasons.
跳跃年包含额外一天——2月29日——它吸收了这四个额外的季度日并保持日历与季节相符合.
Leap years date to the reign of Julius Caesar in ancient Rome.
在古罗马朱利叶斯·凯撒的统治时期,
In 1582, Pope Gregory XIII further refined the calendar to make up for a slight error that accumulated over centuries with leap years.
1582年,教皇格里高利 十三进一步细化了历法来弥补一个随着相跃而累积了几个世纪的小错误.
We still use Pope Gregory’s system, which skips three leap years every four centuries.
我们仍使用教宗格里高利的制度,每四个世纪跳过三年一跃。
The near-circle out in space that Earth traces in its orbit around the Sun is called its orbital plane.
地球在环绕太阳的轨道上 所追踪到的近圆圈 被称为它的轨道平面
Earth’s axis is tilted about 23½ degrees away from its orbital plane.
地心轴从轨道平面上倾斜了约231⁄2度.
This tilt is what causes the seasons.
这种倾斜是造成季节的原因.
When the northern hemisphere— the northern half of the planet—is tilted toward the Sun, it is summer in that part of the world.
当北半球——地球的北半部——向太阳倾斜时,世界那个地区就是夏天。
At the same time, it is winter in the southern hemisphere.
同时,它也是南半球的冬季.
Half a year later, it is the southern half of the planet that is tilted toward the Sun.
半年后,地球的南半部向太阳倾斜。
Then it is summer there and winter in the northern hemisphere.
然后是北半球的夏天和冬天。
The Rotation and Revolution of the Moon Just as Earth turns on its axis and revolves around the Sun, the Moon turns on its axis and revolves around the Earth.
月球的旋转和革命 就像地球在它的轴上转动 围绕太阳转动 月球在它的轴上转动 围绕地球转动
But there is one big difference between the movements of the Earth and Moon.
但是,地球和月球的移动有很大的区别.
The Earth’s periods of rotation and revolution are very different: 24 hours and 365 days.
地球自转和革命的时期大相径庭:24小时365天.
For the Moon, these two movements each take the same amount of time—just over 27½ days.
对于月球来说,这两个运动各自需要相同的时间——仅仅超过271⁄2天.
Every 27½ days, the Moon revolves once around Earth and turns once on its axis.
每271⁄2天一回,月球会绕地球一圈,并转一圈于它的轴上.
Because of that, the Moon always has the same face turned toward Earth.
由于这个原因,月球总是有 同样的面孔转向地球。
There is nothing mysterious about these two movements occurring in the same amount of time.
对于在同样时间内发生的这两种运动,没有什么神秘的.
They are a result of the pull of gravity between Earth and the Moon.
它们是地与月球之间引力拉动的结果.
The matching of rotational and orbital periods is called synchronous rotation, and it is common in the universe.
相接自转与轨道相接称为同步自转,在宇宙中很常见.
Many people think that there is a permanent “dark side” of the Moon, but that is wrong.
许多人认为月球有永久的"黑暗一面",但这是错误的.
It is correct to speak of the “far side” of the Moon— the side always turned away from Earth.
说出月球的 " 遥远一面 " -- -- 一方总是远离地球 -- -- 是正确的。
That side receives just as much sunlight as the side that faces us, just at opposite times.
那边的阳光 和我们面对的一样多 就在相反的时间
When we see a full moon, the far side is in darkness.
当我们看到满月, 遥远的一面在黑暗中。
But when there is a new moon, and we see the Moon as dark, the far side of the Moon is in full sunlight.
但当有一个新的月亮时,我们看到月球是黑暗的,而月球最远的一面正处在完全的阳光下.
The Tides Both the Sun and Moon affect Earth with their gravity.
太阳和月球都以重力影响地球。
It is the Sun’s enormous gravity that keeps Earth in orbit around the Sun.
正是太阳的巨大引力使地球处于太阳周围的轨道上。
Earth’s gravity keeps the Moon in an endless orbit around our planet.
地球的引力使月球处于环绕地球的无尽轨道上。
However, the Moon, though small compared to the Earth and Sun, also exerts a gravitational pull.
然而,与地与太阳相比,月球虽然很小,但也施加了引力.
The gravitational pulls of the Sun and Moon produce the tides in our planet’s oceans.
太阳和月球的引力 产生了我们星球海洋的潮汐
The Moon is much closer to us than the Sun.
月亮比太阳更接近我们
For that reason, it has a stronger tidal effect than the Sun does.
因此,它的潮汐效应比太阳强.
The pull of the Moon’s gravity causes the oceans to bulge toward the Moon.
月球引力的拉动导致海洋向月球猛增。
Because of the way tidal forces act, the Moon’s gravity also causes a bulge to occur on the opposite side of the planet.
由于潮汐力的作用方式,月球的引力还使行星对面出现暴增.
The far side of the Moon Moon’s axis The Moon affects the tides on Earth.
月球轴最远的一面 月球影响着地球上的潮汐
As Earth rotates, the high point of a bulge reaches any particular shoreline once every 12 hours.
随着地球的自转,一个凸起的高点每隔12小时到达任何特定的海岸线一次.
The rising water that this causes is called high tide.
由此而来的水上升称为高潮.
When the bulge passes and the water goes out again, it is called low tide.
当浮起后再出出水,称为"低潮".
There are two high tides and two low tides in each 24-hour period.
每24小时有2个高潮和2个低潮.
Lunar and Solar Eclipses As the Earth and Moon move through space, they sometimes get lined up with the Sun.
月球和太阳光滑 随着地球和月球穿越太空,它们有时会与太阳排成一行.
When that happens, the result is a dramatic effect called an eclipse.
当它发生时,结果是一种戏剧性的效果,叫做日食.
There are two kinds of eclipses, lunar (Moon) eclipses and solar (Sun) eclipses.
日食有两种:月(月)日食和太阳(太阳)日食.
A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon is in Earth’s shadow from the Sun.
当月球从太阳进入地球的阴影时,就会发生月蚀.
A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun.
当月球从地球到太阳之间穿过时,就会发生日食.
Daytime Night time Earth shadow Moon Sun Moon Full solar eclipse Full lunar eclipse The Moon passes between the Earth and the Sun.
白天 夜晚 地影 月亮 太阳 月亮 日全食 月全食 月从地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地出地
The Earth’s shadow passes across the Moon.
地球的阴影穿过了月球。
A lunar eclipse is a phenomenon of haunting beauty.
月蚀是一种困扰美人的现象.
As a full moon passes through Earth’s shadow, it is illuminated only by rays of sunlight that are scattered through our planet’s atmosphere.
当一整颗月球穿过地球的阴影时,它只被散布在地球大气层中的阳光照亮。
This light has a reddish cast, so the Moon turns a deep red.
这道光有红色的铸件,所以月亮会变成深红色.
A lunar eclipse is visible from the entire side of Earth experiencing night time and can last for more than 1½ hours.
月食从整个地球侧面可见,经历夜间时间,可以持续超过11⁄2小时.
There is no more spectacular sight on Earth than a total eclipse of the Sun.
地球上没有比日全食更壮观的了。
By a coincidence of nature, the Sun and Moon, as seen from Earth, have exactly the same diameter.
通过自然的巧合,从地球看到的太阳和月球的直径完全一样.
Because of that, when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, it perfectly blocks the Sun’s disk.
因此,当月球从地球到太阳之间穿过时,它完美地阻挡了太阳的圆盘.
The disk is then blocked for several minutes.
然后磁盘被屏蔽了几分钟。
During that time, the Sun’s corona—its outer glowing gases— becomes clearly visible.
在这段时间里,太阳的日冕——它的外发光气体——变得明显可见.
During a solar eclipse, only people in a fairly narrow path on the Earth can see a total eclipse.
在日食期间,只有地球相当狭窄的路径中的人才能看到全日食.
Most people see a partial eclipse, with part of the Sun’s disk still showing.
大部分人看到部分日食,部分太阳光碟仍在显示.
But even with a total eclipse, people are advised to view the phenomenon with special protective glasses.
但即使在日全食的情况下,人们也会被建议用特殊的保护眼镜来观察这种现象.
Conclusion The movements of the Earth and Moon seem somehow exactly right.
结论 地球和月球的移动似乎完全正确
A day is just long enough to accomplish some work, have a relaxing evening, and then get enough sleep to start a new day.
一天足够完成一些工作,有一个放松的夜晚,然后有足够的睡眠开始新的一天.
The length of one year also seems right.
一年的长度似乎也是正确的。
Who would want it to be half its length or twice as long?
谁会希望它的长度是一半或两倍呢?
As for the Moon, its 29½-day cycle of phases is almost equal to a month.
至于月球,它的291⁄2天相相周期几乎等于一个月.
We mark our days, months, and years with the movements of our planet and our Moon.
随着地球和月球的移动,我们纪念我们的岁月和岁月。
And sometimes the Sun and Moon provide us with rare, beautiful displays that we remember for the rest of our lives.
有时太阳和月亮为我们提供了珍贵而美丽的展示,我们毕生记得这些展示.
Glossary eclipse (n.)
词汇日食(n.)
the partial or complete hiding or darkening of one celestial body, such as the Sun or the Moon, by another (p.
将一个天体,如太阳或月球,部分地或完全地隐藏或变暗为另一个天体(p.
12) gravity (n.)
12)重力(n.
the natural force that tends to pull objects toward each other, such as objects being pulled toward the center of Earth (p.
倾向于将物体拉向对方的自然力,例如被拉向地球中心的物体(p.
9) revolution (n.)
9) 革命 (n.
one complete circle made by a planet along its orbital path around another celestial body (p.
一个行星沿着其轨道路径围绕另一个天体(p.
6) rotation (n.)
6) 旋转(n.
a single turn of something around an axis or a fixed point; spinning (p.
旋转(p.
5) tides (n.)
5) 潮汐 (n.
the regular rise and fall of the ocean produced by the gravity of the Moon and Sun (p.
由月球和太阳引力产生的海洋平时起伏(p.
10) Index Julius Caesar, 6 leap years, 6 lunar eclipse, 12, 13 Moon, 8–10, 12, 13 orbital plane, 7 A full Moon rises over Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
10) 索引 朱利叶斯·凯撒(英语:Julius Caesar) 有6个跃起年,有6个月食,有12个,有13个月球,有8–10个,有12个,有13个轨道平面,有7个A满月从加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省温哥华上空升起.