Arrows

美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习

The First Arrow Poloma was tossing her new ball high into the Mississippi air when she discovered the first arrow in the forest.

第一箭波洛玛将她的新球高高地抛入密西西比州空气,当时她发现了森林中的第一个箭.

On that summer morning, she was aiming for the Sun, throwing the ball higher and higher, so when it came down and rolled away she had only herself to blame.

当夏日早晨,她正瞄准太阳,把球扔出高高的球,于是当球倒下并滚出去时,她只能怪自己.

The ball bounced off a tree trunk, flew over a log, and came to rest at the base of a huge boulder.

球从一棵树干上弹出,飞过一棵木头,并来到了巨大的巨石的地基上休息.

She was digging the ball out from the heavy undergrowth when she noticed the arrow carved into the lower part of the massive rock.

当她注意到被雕刻入巨石下部的箭头时,她正在从沉重的下层生长中挖出球.

Poloma grabbed her ball and raced home.

波罗玛抓住了她的球,跑回了家.

Her grandfather was resting on the porch swing.

她外公在门廊上摇摆而行

His eyes were closed, and for a moment, she wondered whether she should wake him with the news.

他的眼睛是闭着的,有一瞬间,她想她是否应该用这个消息叫醒他.

“You’ve discovered something,” he said softly, when she was settled beside him.

他轻而易举地说, " 你发现了一些东西, " 当她安顿在他身边的时候。

“I can tell by the way you’re fidgeting.”

“我能从你虚构的方式看出来。 “

“I’ve found an arrow, Papa!”

「我找到一箭了,

Poloma kicked her feet, and the swing moved back and forth, making a gentle, reassuring, squeaking sound.

波罗玛踢出她的脚,秋千前后移动了起来,发出温和,令人安心,尖叫的声音.

“And where is this arrow that excites you so much?”

“这支箭在哪里,让你如此兴奋? “

Poloma told her grandfather about the bouncing ball, the boulder, and the arrow that was carved near the bottom of it.

波罗玛向外公讲述了弹球,巨石,以及被雕刻在地底附近的箭.

“Do you think the arrow is a glyph like the ones in my code books?”

“你是否认为这把箭就像我密码书中的活字笔? “

Poloma asked.

波罗玛问.

“Maybe it’s a Mayan hieroglyphic.

“也许是玛雅象形文字。

The Mayans used tiny pictures instead of words and letters.

玛雅人使用细小相片代替了文字和字母.

Maybe they carved that arrow,” Poloma guessed.

也许他们雕刻出箭头,"波罗玛猜想.

Papa pulled himself out of the swing and smiled down at his granddaughter.

爸爸把自己从秋千上拉出来,并笑倒了孙女.

“That’s a very good question,” he said.

他说,“这是一个非常好的问题,”

“But I doubt that the Mayans were carving rocks around here.

“但我怀疑玛雅人在附近雕刻石头。

The Mayans lived farther south, in Mexico and Central America.

玛雅人生活在更南端,墨西哥和中美洲.

However, your arrow might very well be part of a code of some kind, but we might have to do some research to find out.”

然而,你的箭很可能是某种密码的一部分, 但我们可能必须做一些研究才能发现。 “

Poloma’s grandfather knew a lot about codes.

Poloma的祖父对密码很了解。

In fact, he had won a medal for his code work during World War II.

事实上,他因二战期间的密码工作而获得奖牌.

Papa and other Native American Code Talkers had helped the United States and its allies win the war by sending secret messages in languages that people from other nations could not understand.

爸爸和其他美洲原住民法典谈话者通过用来自其他国家的人无法理解的语言发送秘密信息,帮助美国及其盟友赢得了战争.

“Will you tell me again, Papa?”

“爸爸,你再说一遍好吗? “

Poloma pleaded.

波罗玛恳求.

Poloma loved to hear the story of the Code Talkers, even though she had heard it many, many times before.

波罗玛爱听"法典""论者"的故事,尽管她之前听过很多次.

She especially liked to hear about the Mississippi Choctaw Code Talkers like her grandfather.

她特别喜欢听到密西西比州乔克托夫的谈话者像她外公一样.

“Come,” her grandfather said, as he took her hand and pulled her from the swing.

她祖父说,“来吧”,当时他抓住了她的手,把她从秋千上拉了出来。

“I think we should visit this mysterious arrow.

“我认为我们应该参观这支神秘的箭。

I’ll tell you about the Code Talkers while we walk.”

我们走路时, “

As they made their way toward the boulder, Papa told Poloma the story of how he and other Code Talkers sent messages that only other Native American Code Talkers could interpret.

当他们向巨石走去时,爸爸告诉了波洛玛他和其他的"法典"谈话者如何传递的信息,只有其他的"美国原住民"谈话者才能解释.

Questions “We spoke into walkie-talkie radios,” he explained.

他解释了“我们用对讲机交谈”的问题。

“There was a Code Talker on each end, and we would only use Choctaw words that no one else could understand.

“每一端都有一个《守则》谈话者,我们只使用其他任何人都无法理解的Choctaw语句。

Someone would give me the message that I was to pass on, and I would speak the words in Choctaw.

有人会给我我要传递的信息,我会用Choctaw语说话。

The Code Talker on the other end would receive my message and translate it into English for the soldiers.

另一边的代码谈话者会收到我的信息并将其翻译成英文给士兵们

If the enemy was listening on the radio, they wouldn’t be able to understand what we were saying.”

如果敌人在收音机上听, “

Poloma and her grandfather were at the boulder now.

Poloma和她祖父现在在巨石园

They knelt down, and Poloma pointed to the roughly carved arrow.

他们跪下,波罗玛指向了被雕刻的箭.

Wind and rain had eroded and smoothed the arrow’s edges so much that Poloma might not have seen it had she not been paying attention.

风和雨侵蚀并平滑了箭头的边缘,以至于若她不注意,波罗玛可能看不到。

“What do you think it means?”

“你认为这意味着什么? “

she asked.

她问。

Papa ran his finger back and forth over the carving.

爸爸一遍又一遍地在雕刻上用手指

“I’m not sure,” he said.

" 我不确定, " 他说。

“It’s a very old carving, but it’s hard to determine its age.

但很难确定年龄。

It takes a lot of work to figure out how old a carving is.”

要知道雕刻的年代需要很多工作 “

“How do people know?”

“人们怎么知道? “

Poloma asked.

波罗玛问.

“Well, there are many ways.

“有许多办法。

Remember the cave paintings we saw last summer, and the old fossils and bones we saw at the natural history museum?

还记得去年夏天我们看到的洞穴画吗? 还有我们在自然历史博物馆看到的旧化石和骨头?

Scientists use a method called carbon dating to figure out how old those things are.”

科学家使用一种叫做"碳约会"的方法来找出这些东西的年代。 “

“Can we use it to tell how old our arrow is?”

“我们能够用它来说明我们的箭已经老了多少? “

Poloma asked.

波罗玛问.

“Maybe someone could date the plants in the cracks nearest to the carving, but that might not necessarily tell us how old the carving itself is,” Papa told her.

“也许有人可以和离雕刻最近的裂缝中的植物约会,但这不一定告诉我们雕刻本身多大了。”

“Let’s try something else.

让我们试试别的东西。

Let’s try studying the arrow as it is.”

让我们尝试研究箭头。 “

Poloma stared at the arrow for a long time.

般若波罗蜜以长相为箭相.

Suddenly, she had an idea.

突然,她有一个想法。

“I know!”

“我知道!”

she shouted.

她喊着

“How about if we consider where the arrow is pointing?”

“如果我们考虑箭指向何处,那如何? “

The arrow was pointing toward another boulder nearby.

箭指向附近的另一块巨石

Poloma and Papa followed it and found the second arrow almost immediately.

波罗玛和爸爸紧随其后,几乎立刻发现了第二支箭.

The second arrow was pointing in the same direction as the first, so they followed that one, too.

第二支箭正指向与第一支箭相同的方向,所以他们也跟着这支箭.

It led to another boulder, and another arrow, which led to yet another, and then another arrow.

又取出又一石取出,又取出一箭取出,又取出一箭取出.

There were six arrows in all.

时有六箭相出.

“What do you think it means, Papa?”

“...... 你觉得这意味着什么,爸爸? “

Poloma asked as she ran her finger over the sixth arrow.

波罗玛在用手指跑过第六箭时问道.

“I think it means we should look for the next arrow,” Papa laughed.

“我认为这意味着我们应该寻找下一支箭,”爸爸笑了。

“The arrows are sending us somewhere, and I’m very curious to find out where.”

“箭头正在把我们送到某个地方, “

They continued on in the direction the arrows.

他们继续向箭头的方向前进。

The arrows led them straight toward a stream.

箭头把他们引向了一条小溪

“What should we do?”

“我们该怎么办? “

Poloma asked.

波罗玛问.

“I guess we should cross the stream.

“我想我们应该跨越河流。

It looks very shallow, so if we tiptoe from stone to stone, perhaps we’ll find another arrow on the other side.

我们或许会在另一边再找一箭。

Hold my hand tight; we’ll cross together.”

握紧我的手, “

Answers They crossed the stream, holding hands, stepping carefully.

答复他们穿过了溪流,手牵手,小心地走.

When they reached the other side, they almost crashed into the next boulder.

当他们到达另一边时,他们几乎坠入了下一个巨石.

It was hidden in a grove of old pine trees.

它藏在一棵老松树上

“Do you think there’s anything carved on it?”

“你认为上面刻有什么东西吗? “

Poloma asked.

波罗玛问.

“Let’s take a look,” Papa said.

「让我们看看,

They knelt down together, side by side, and examined the boulder.

他们一起跪下,并肩而行,检查了巨石.

At first they couldn’t find an arrow or any other carving, and they were about to give up when Poloma screeched.

起初他们找不到一箭或其他雕刻,

“I found something!

“我发现了一些东西!

I found something!”

我发现了一些东西!”

she shouted as she leaned closer to the boulder and scraped off some moss with her fingers.

当她靠近巨石并用手指刮去一些苔藓时,她大叫.

“Look, Papa!

“看,爸爸!

It’s not an arrow at all—a whole bunch of letters are carved into the lower part of the boulder!

一群字母被刻入了石块下部。

I wonder if we can make them out,” she said.

”她说。

“I’m afraid you’ll have to read them to me.”

" 我担心你不得不读给我听。 “

Papa stood up slowly, rubbing his knees.

爸爸慢慢地站起来擦出膝盖

“My eyes are too old to make out tiny letters that have been hidden behind overgrown weeds for such a long time.

“我的眼睛太老了,不能写出这么长一段时间以来隐藏在杂草后面的小信。

I’m afraid my knees aren’t too good either.”

我恐怕我的膝盖也不好。 “

Poloma leaned closer to the boulder and studied the letters.

Poloma更靠近巨石并研究了字母.

It took her a long time, but she was finally able to read them all.

花了她很长一段时间,但她终于能够读出全部.

“They don’t make any sense,” she said.

她说,

“I’ll say them to you, but I don’t think they mean anything at all.”

“我会告诉你, “

Poloma read each letter out loud, very slowly.

波罗玛将每封信大声读出,非常缓慢.

g p m m p x u i f e s j o l j o h h p v s e When she was finished, she said, “Maybe they’re a code.

克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克·克她写完之后说,“也许它们是密码。

Do you think they could be a code, Papa?”

你觉得他们可能是密码吗,爸爸? “

“Read them again,” Papa said.

“再读一遍,”爸爸说。

“Maybe I can make some sense of them if you read them again.”

“如果你再读一遍,也许我能理解他们。 “

Poloma said the letters again, and then she repeated them one more time.

Poloma又说了这些信,然后她又重复一遍.

As she read, she could hear her grandfather’s footsteps.

她可以听到外公的脚步声。

He was pacing slowly through the dead leaves and pine needles.

他缓缓地走过枯叶和松针.

Papa always paced when he had something important to think over.

当他有重要的事要考虑的时候,爸爸总是节奏快.

“Do they mean anything to you?”

“它们对你有什么意义吗? “

she asked when she was done.

她问什么时候完成。

“Indeed they do,” her grandfather said, still pacing.

她的祖父说,“他们确实这样做了”,但速度仍然加快。

“Indeed they do.”

“的确如此。 “

“What do you think the letters mean?”

“你认为这些字母是什么意思? “

“I’m not exactly sure,” Papa told her.

我不确定,

“But I think it’s a cipher, and I think I recognize it.”

我认得它。 “

Poloma knew what a cipher was.

波罗玛知道密码是什么

It was a code that substituted letters or numbers for the real letters in a message.

是一个代号,用来替换信息中的真实字母的字母或数字.

“Ciphers like that one have been used in many wars to keep the enemy from learning about battle plans,” Papa explained.

爸爸解释说,“在许多战争中,像那样的人被用来阻止敌人了解作战计划。”

Cracking the Code “Did you use a cipher in the war?”

破解代码 “你在战争中使用密码了吗? “

Poloma asked.

波罗玛问.

“I saw them used in World War II.

“我看到它们在二战中使用。

The Germans had a very clever machine called the Enigma Machine that substituted letters for other letters.

德国人有一个非常聪明的机器,叫做"恩尼格玛机器"(Enigma Machine),用来代替其他字母.

The Code Talkers often used a cipher as well in case a Native American language speaker was captured and forced to translate messages by the enemy.

"密码"的"说客"经常也使用密码来防止美国原住民语言的说客被俘并被敌人强迫翻译消息.

But the first substitution cipher was invented by Julius Caesar more than 2,000 years ago.”

但是第一个替代密码是2000多年前由尤利乌斯·凯撒发明的. “

“I wonder if these letters were used in a war, too,” Poloma said.

Poloma说:“我不知道这些字母是否也被用于战争。”

Papa had to think about that.

爸爸得考虑一下

He paced for a very long time, and then he stopped beside his granddaughter and cleared his throat.

他步入了很长一段时间,然后他停在外孙女旁边并清了喉咙.

“I think I remember something,” he said.

“我想我记得一些事情,”他说。

“As you know, a great war took place right around here.”

“如你所知,就在这里发生了一场伟大的战争。 “

“The Civil War—right, Papa?”

" 内战 - 对不对,爸爸? “

Poloma asked.

波罗玛问.

“Yes.

“对。

About 150 years ago, the Civil War was fought to free the slaves in the South.

大约150年前,南北战争为解放南方的奴隶而战.

I think I remember reading that the soldiers and spies in the North used a special cipher.”

我记得我读到北方的士兵和间谍使用了特殊的密码 “

“Do you remember what it was, Papa?”

“你还记得是什么吗,爸爸? “

“It was sort of like the Caesar Cipher.

“这有点像凯撒密码。

Read me the letters again.”

再给我读读信 “

Poloma read the letters slowly.

波罗玛慢慢读出字母.

g p m m p x u i f e s j o l j o h h p v s e “You forgot the spaces,” he said.

“Read the letters again, and don’t forget the spaces between the words.”

“再读一遍这些字母, “

Poloma read the letters again.

波罗玛又读了这些信.

This time she was careful to pause wherever she saw a space.

这一次,她小心地暂停无论她看到一个空间。

g p m m p x u i f e s j o l j o h h p v s e She was just about to ask her grandfather what the letters meant when she noticed something in the cipher that she had seen in codes she had deciphered before.

Most sentences contain at least one short common word, and this one was.

多数句子中至少包含一个简短的通用语,这个是.

“I think I see some interesting letters,” she said.

“我想我看到一些有趣的信,”她说。

“Let’s say the letters form words.

" 让我们用字母来表示。

One of the words has three letters.

一一字有三信.

Let’s guess that it’s a common word.

让我们猜一下,这是一个常见的词。

like and?”

怎么样? “

“Or the,” Poloma suggested.

" 或者, " Poloma建议。

“There has to be one common word in a sentence.”

“在句子中必须有一个共同的词。 “

Poloma and Papa were quiet for several minutes as they thought about the three letters.

Poloma和Papa在思考这三封信时,安静了几分钟.

“I don’t think it’s and,” Papa said.

「我不认为是,

“The letters don’t make sense.”

“这些信件没有意义。 “

“But it could be the,” Poloma said.

Poloma说:“但它可能是,”

“Maybe the letters uif stand for the in some way.”

“也许这些字母在某种程度上代表了这一点。 “

Papa was smiling now.

爸爸现在在笑

“You are a very smart girl,” he said.

他说,“你是一个非常聪明的女孩。”

“What letter comes before u in the alphabet?”

“字母表中在u之前写出什么字母? “

“T,” Poloma said.

“T,”Poloma说。

“And the letter h comes before i, and the letter e comes before f.

“H字母出现在我之前,e字母出现在f之前。

This is a substitute-letter cipher, Papa!”

这是代字母密码,爸爸!”

“Yes!

“对!

I remember now!

我现在记得了!

During the Civil War, some Northern spies and soldiers used a code called the advance cipher.

南北战争期间,一些北方间谍和士兵使用被称作先发密码的密码.

They advanced each letter one letter of the alphabet.”

他们向每个字母推进字母表的一个字母. “

The Drinking Gourd Once they had cracked the code, it was easy to read the message.

饮用古德一旦破解了密码,就很容易读到信息。

“Do you know what it says?”

“你知道它说什么吗? “

Poloma asked.

波罗玛问.

“I do know what it says.

“我知道它说什么。

Do you know what it says?”

你知道上面写了什么吗? “

“I know what it says, Papa.

“我知道上面写了些什么,爸爸。

It says, ‘Follow the Drinking Gourd.’

上曰:"随取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取出取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取 " ; "

But I don’t know what the message means.

但我不知道这个消息是什么意思。

Do you know what it means?”

你知道这意味着什么吗? “

Papa chuckled and sat down on a hollow log.

爸爸笑了起来,坐在空木上

“We’ve made quite a discovery,” he said.

他说,“我们已经有了相当的发现,”

“We have found six arrows pointing in the same direction.

“我们发现有六支箭指向同一方向。

If people followed the arrows, they would reach this boulder, and they would find this cipher.

如果人们跟随箭头,他们就会到达这个巨石,他们就会找到这个密码.

I wonder if the arrows and the cipher were carved during the Civil War.”

我不知道这些箭和密码是否是内战期间雕刻的。”

Papa was pacing again now, and Poloma could tell that he was thinking things over in his mind.

爸爸现在又在节奏了 Poloma能说出他在想什么

“Before the end of the war,” he said, “many slaves wanted to escape to freedom in the North.

他说,“在战争结束前,许多奴隶想在北方逃到自由地去。

They followed what was called the Underground Railroad.

他们跟随所谓的"地下铁道".

It wasn’t really a railroad.

这不是一条铁路。

It was just a series of routes and directions and safe houses that led the slaves northward.

只是一系列的路线和方向以及安全屋带领了奴隶们向北走去.

Some slaves who had escaped returned to help other slaves.”

一些已经出逃的奴隶返回帮助其他奴隶. “

“But who carved the arrows, Papa?”

“但谁雕出箭来? “

“I’m not sure if we’ll ever know that,” Papa said.

“我不知道我们是否会知道,

“It might have been a Northern spy trying to help.

“可能是北方间谍试图提供帮助。

It might have been a returning slave who had learned the cipher in the North.

可能是回到北方的奴隶学会了密码

Or maybe it had nothing to do with the war.

也可能和战争无关

Who knows?

谁知道呢?

Maybe some children were playing a game.”

也许有些孩子在玩游戏 “

“Did escaping slaves ever carve directions in trees or rocks?”

“逃出奴隶是否曾在树木或岩石上雕刻过方向? “

Poloma asked.

波罗玛问.

“I’ve never heard of it happening, but every day people find new information about the Underground Railroad.

但人们每天都会发现地下铁道的新资讯。

Just recently, someone discovered a hidden tunnel and a secret room in a house in Iowa where slaves hid out on the way north.”

就在最近,有人在爱荷华州的一所房子里发现了一个隐藏的地道和密室,奴隶们在北上路上躲了起来. “

A Code in Song “What does ‘Follow the Drinking Gourd’ mean?”

宋语的代码 " " 追随饮道"是什么意思? “

Poloma asked.

波罗玛问.

“The Drinking Gourd is the group of seven stars now called the Big Dipper, which can always be found in the northern sky of the United States.

“饮用古德是现在称为"大地盘"(Big Dipper)的七颗恒星群,在美国北部的天空中总能找到.

Slaves followed the Drinking Gourd from safe house to safe house, until finally they reached freedom.”

奴隶们跟随饮用古德从安全屋到安全屋,直到最后他们获得了自由. “

The sun was beginning to set, and tiny slivers of light were flickering through the branches.

太阳开始落下细微的光线从树枝上闪来

Poloma took her flashlight from her backpack, turned it on, and took her grandfather’s hand.

Poloma从背包取出手电筒,

By the time they were on the other side of the stream, the sun had disappeared.

等他们到达溪口的另一边时,太阳已经消失了.

Poloma stopped and studied the sky.

波罗玛停了下来,研究了天空.

“Are you looking for the Drinking Gourd?”

“你在找喝的古德吗? “

her grandfather asked.

她爷爷问。

“There it is!”

“就在这里!”

Poloma was pointing to the bright shape in the sky.

波罗玛指向了天空中明亮的形状.

“Shall we follow it?”

“我们应当遵循它吗? “

“It’s your decision.

" 这是你的决定。

Are we heading north?”

我们要往北走吗? “

Poloma had to think about that for a minute.

波罗玛不得不考虑一下

The Drinking Gourd would lead them back across the stream, past the boulder with the cipher, and on and on to places north.

喝酒的古德会带他们回过河去用密码穿过巨石并一直往北走

“We need to go south, Papa.”

“我们需要去南方,爸爸。”

Poloma and Papa turned.

波洛玛和爸爸转了身

They moved slowly, like creeping night creatures.

他们移动缓慢, 像爬行的夜间生物。

The light from Poloma’s flashlight led them away from the North Star, past the arrows pointing the other way, out of the woods, and home.

波洛马手电筒的光把他们引出北极星,穿过箭头指向了另一条路,走出了树林,回到了家.